花园里正在种植树木。色彩鲜艳的建筑正在粉刷另一层油漆。唱诗班在排练。数百名其他居民（其中几人坐在轮椅上）在圣殿外练习他们的站位。空气中弥漫着兴奋的气氛，因为在11月9日周一，天主教运营的残疾人福利院科托伦戈·多恩·奥里奥内（Cottolengo Don Orione）将成为教皇利奥十四世对阿根廷访问的第一个完整日程的第一站。
Trees are being planted in the garden. The brightly coloured buildings are getting another coat of paint. The choir rehearses. Hundreds of other residents, several of them using wheelchairs, practise their positions outside the sanctuary. Excitement is in the air, because on Monday 9 November, the Cottolengo Don Orione – a Catholic-run home for disabled people – will be the first stop on Pope Leo XIV’s first full day of his trip to Argentina.
但教皇对克莱波尔（距离布宜诺斯艾利斯约26公里）的访问，对这家拥有约400名残疾居民的福利院来说并不是一个特别快乐的时期。阿根廷总统哈维尔·米莱对残疾人资金进行了广泛的削减。
But the pope’s visit to Claypole, about 26km from Buenos Aires, does not come at an especially happy time for the home, which counts about 400 residents with disabilities. Argentina’s president, Javier Milei, has made wide-ranging cuts to disability funding.
该设施的协调员费尔南多·蒙特罗说：“（政府）切断了药品、特殊食品和尿布的供应。自去年11月以来，他们没有交付任何物资。此事已诉诸法庭。”他说，教皇和米莱“有着完全相反的意识形态”，并认为教皇教导人们，一个人的价值不以其是否有生产力来衡量，而米莱是一个“超级资本主义者”，认为只有“竞争最多的人才应该得到回报”。
“[The government] cut off the supply of medications, special foods and diapers. They haven’t delivered any since last November. The matter is in court,” said the facility’s coordinator, Fernando Montero. The pope and Milei, he said, “have completely opposing ideologies”, arguing that the pope teaches that a person’s worth is not measured by whether they are productive, whereas Milei is a “hyper-capitalist” who believes only “those who compete the most should be rewarded”.
教皇利奥在这里的行程为期三天——他于周五在乌拉圭开启了南美三国之行，并将以在秘鲁的六天行程结束——这将是自1987年约翰·保罗二世以来教皇首次访问阿根廷。他的前任、出生于阿根廷的教皇方济各在其教皇任内从未回国。
Pope Leo’s three days here – he began a three-country trip through South America in Uruguay on Friday, and will finish with six days in Peru – will be the first papal visit to Argentina since John Paul II in 1987. His predecessor, Pope Francis, who was Argentine, never returned during his papacy.
这次访问对米莱来说可能会很尴尬。米莱是一名极右翼自由意志主义经济学家，他曾以电锯作为承诺削减开支的象征参加竞选。他在2020年称方济各为“笨蛋”和“地球上恶魔的代表”，并指责他助长共产主义，称社会正义是盗窃。米莱声称，在2024年2月于梵蒂冈会见方济各时，他已经道了歉。
The trip could prove uncomfortable for Milei. A far-right libertarian economist who campaigned with a chainsaw as the symbol of his promised spending cuts, Milei called Francis an “imbecile” and “the representative of the Evil One on Earth” in 2020, and accused him of promoting communism, saying social justice was theft. Milei claims to have apologised when he met Francis in the Vatican in February 2024.
自去年12月上任以来，他大幅削减了公共开支，政府称此举是为了遏制通货膨胀。然而，代价是高昂的。智库Mate估计，领取最低养老金的退休人员——占总数的63%——已经失去了大约30%的购买力。上周三，在国会大厦外举行的每周退休人员游行中，一名男子举着一块纸板标语，上面写着：“救救我们，教皇利奥十四世——米莱正在杀死我们。”
Since taking office the previous December, he has slashed public spending, which the government says was needed to curb inflation. The cost, however, was high. The thinktank Mate estimates that retirees on the minimum pension – 63% of the total – have lost about 30% of their purchasing power. Last Wednesday at the weekly retirees’ march outside Congress, a man held up a cardboard sign reading, “Save us Pope Leo XIV – Milei is killing us.”
上个月，布宜诺斯艾利斯总主教豪尔赫·加西亚·奎尔瓦表示，利奥十四世将会看到“一个分裂的阿根廷和大量非常贫困的兄弟姐妹”。但教皇与总统之间的分歧超越了典型的社会问题。今年5月，利奥十四世呼吁“解除”人工智能的“武装”，而米莱则表示他不会监管人工智能技术，反而提交了在全国各地建设数据中心以及赋予“非人类公司”法律地位的法案。负责削减国家开支的部长费德里科·斯图尔内格尔表示，他曾利用人工智能起草立法。
Last month, Buenos Aires archbishop Jorge García Cuerva said Leo XIV would find “a divided Argentina and a large number of very poor brothers and sisters.”But the differences between the pope and the president go beyond typical social issues. In May, Leo XIV called for “disarming” artificial intelligence, while Milei has said he would not regulate AI technology and has instead presented bills to build datacentres across the country and to grant legal status to “no-human corporations”. Federico Sturzenegger, a minister in charge of state cuts, says he has used AI to draft legislation.
社会学家兼计算机科学家米拉格罗斯·米切利在柏林领导“批判性人工智能实验室”，她表示，这两者之间的“矛盾”“相当明显”。她欢迎教皇利奥的访问，并赞扬这位“极具影响力的人物”意图“通过剥离这些技术被赋予的、被呈现为凌驾于人类之上的价值观，将人类置于中心地位”。
Milagros Miceli, a sociologist and computer scientist who leads the Critical AI Lab in Berlin, said the “contradiction” between the two is “pretty evident”. She welcomed Leo’s visit, celebrating how the “powerful figure” of the pope intends to put “human beings at the centre by stripping these technologies of the values that are presented to us as taking precedence over humanity.”
左翼庇隆主义众议员、社会领袖胡安·格拉博伊斯曾在梵蒂冈“促进整体人类发展部”任职，他说：“绝对放松管制的理念是总统议程的核心，而用这些形式的算法权力取代人类要素，显然也已成为政府的政策优先事项。”残疾人资助问题一直是教会与国家之间的冲突焦点。随着米莱因一项仍处于悬而未决状态的资助法与国会发生冲突，阿根廷主教团于4月1日致函卫生部长马里奥·卢戈内斯，谴责“国内众多致力于残疾人照护与支持的机构所面临的严峻形势”。自那以后，该部已与主教团会面两次，分别在4月和10月5日，但未能化解僵局。
Juan Grabois, a left-wing Peronist deputy and social leader who served in the Vatican’s Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, said: “The idea of absolute deregulation is at the heart of the president’s agenda, and the replacement of the human element with these forms of algorithmic power has clearly also become a policy priority for the government.”Disability funding has been a flashpoint between church and state. As Milei has clashed with Congress over a funding law that remains in limbo, Argentina’s conference of bishops wrote to the health minister, Mario Lugones, on 1 April, denouncing “the serious situation facing numerous institutions dedicated to the care and support of people with disabilities in our country”. The ministry has met the bishops twice since, in April and again on 5 October, but without resolving the impasse.
政府正试图淡化潜在紧张局势。“教皇不可能来这里评论地方政治，”主管社会政策的部长桑德拉·佩托韦洛近日表示。与此同时，国际特赦组织已致函教皇，涉及阿根廷事务，警告其“对影响基本权利行使的政府决策感到担忧”。
The government is trying to downplay potential tensions. “There’s no way the pope is going to come here to comment on local politics,” Sandra Pettovello, the minister overseeing social policy, said recently. Amnesty International, meanwhile, has written to the pope about Argentina, warning of its “concern about government decisions that affect the exercise of fundamental rights”.
这一切都将成为米莱周日前往机场迎接教皇时的首要考虑。离开残疾人收容所后，教皇将前往布宜诺斯艾利斯会见企业和工会领袖；随后在周二，他将在位于科尔多瓦的国营军用飞机制造厂FAdeA的厂区主持弥撒，该厂工人曾抗议米莱的削减政策。布宜诺斯艾利斯大学宗教与信仰晴雨表负责人胡安·克鲁斯·埃斯基维尔表示，这一行程本身就说明了一切。
All of this will be top of mind when Milei receives the pope at the airport on Sunday. From the disability home, the pope will go on to Buenos Aires and meet business and union leaders; then on Tuesday he will celebrate Mass at the grounds of FAdeA, the state-owned military aircraft factory in Córdoba, whose workers have protested against Milei’s cuts. Juan Cruz Esquivel, director of Buenos Aires University’s Barometer of Religions and Beliefs, says the itinerary speaks for itself.
埃斯基维尔表示：“我不想（对教皇会说的话）进行揣测，但很显然，教皇的言论中对捍卫国内生产、劳工、残疾人或社会正义的任何提及，自然都会与米莱政府一直在推行的意识形态发生冲突。”
“I don’t want to speculate [about what the pope will say], but clearly any mention of defending domestic production, labour, disability or social justice in the pope’s rhetoric naturally clashes with the ideology that Milei’s government has been promoting,” says Esquivel.
科尔多瓦一处贫困社区的天主教神父马里亚诺·奥伯林预计，这场冲突将以外交方式展开。“教皇利奥一直在不直接对抗的情况下表达，但他始终坚持将教会的社会教义作为其牧灵工作的核心轴心，”奥伯林说。“如果米莱想利用他，大概率得费尽周折，才能让他说出与他一直以来的表态——以及他到访时必定会说的话——截然相反的内容：福音邀请我们彼此视如手足，尊重每个人与生俱来的深层尊严，并为让这种尊严在权利获取上变为现实而奋斗。”
Mariano Oberlin, a Catholic priest in an impoverished neighbourhood of Córdoba, expects the clash to play out diplomatically. “Pope Leo has been saying it without confronting, but he keeps upholding the church’s social doctrine as the key axis of his ministry,” Oberlin said. “If Milei wants to use him, he’ll probably have to do a lot of juggling to make him say the opposite of what he’s been saying – and of what he’ll surely say when he comes: that the Gospel invites us to feel like brothers, to respect each person’s deep, inherent dignity, and to fight so that this dignity becomes real in access to rights.”
自方济各任教皇以来，拉丁美洲的社会运动与天主教会走得更近，阿根廷也不例外。作为这一进程的参与者，格拉沃伊斯将这种关系视为双向交流。“方济各不是那种来帮助穷人的‘好神父’，”他说，并认为这些交流帮助方济各“发展了他的社会思想”。“没有（拾荒者）和（贫民窟居民），方济各就不会成为方济各。”
Since Francis’s tenure, social movements in Latin America have come closer to the Catholic church, and Argentina is no exception. Grabois, who was part of that process, sees the relationship as a two-way exchange. “[Francis] wasn’t the ‘good priest’ who came to help the poor,” he says, arguing that the exchanges helped Francis “develop his social thinking”. “Without the (cardboard pickers) and the (people from impoverished neighbourhoods), Francis would not have been Francis.”
在格拉沃伊斯看来，利奥也是如此。“方济各关注到利奥，是因为他看到利奥支持秘鲁原住民运动。”但这并不意味着所有阿根廷社会运动都支持教皇。周六，即访问前一天，LGBTQIA+群体将在布宜诺斯艾利斯举行第35届骄傲大游行。游行组委会的玛丽亚·拉奇德表示：“教会关于我们家庭的教条从未改变，无论是在前任教皇还是现任教皇时期”，尽管她指出，方济各关于同性恋权利的言论“给许多家庭及其社区带来了一些慰藉”。
To Grabois, the same is true for Leo. “Francis took notice of Leo because he saw him supporting the Peruvian indigenous movement.”That doesn’t mean all Argentine social movements support the pope. On Saturday, a day before the visit, the LGBTQIA+ community will hold the 35th Pride March in Buenos Aires. María Rachid from the march’s organising committee said: “The church’s dogma regarding our families has not changed at any time, neither under the previous pope nor under this one”, though she notes that Francis’s words on gay rights “brought some relief to many families and their communities”.
然而，一个新的发展是福音派教会的兴起，而天主教徒的身份认同则在下降。布宜诺斯艾利斯大学发现，57.7%的阿根廷人认同自己是天主教徒，17.4%认同为福音派，而在近20年前，这一比例分别为76.5%和9%。上周，米莱在内乌肯为一个福音派圣堂揭牌，并发表了一场赤裸裸的政治演讲，承诺在明年寻求连任。埃斯基韦尔表示，尽管天主教仍然是阿根廷的主流宗教，但它已经失去了文化霸权及其对立法议程的影响力。
But a new development is the rise of evangelical churches, while Catholic identification falls. Buenos Aires University found 57.7% of Argentines identify as Catholic and 17.4% as evangelical, compared with 76.5% and 9% nearly 20 years ago. Last week, Milei inaugurated an evangelical temple in Neuquén and gave a nakedly political speech promising to seek re-election next year. Although Catholicism remains Argentina’s majority religion, it has lost its cultural hegemony and its influence on legislative agenda, Esquivel said.
尽管如此，多数阿根廷人期待“教宗发出聚焦社会和人道主义议程的信息”。格拉博伊斯指出了首先是方济各、现在是利奥对阿根廷“左翼激进分子”产生的变革性影响。“我说的不是无神论者，而是彻底的反神职人员主义者。这些人，在10年前，对教会抱有非常、非常敌视的观点，”他说。“我甚至看到他们比参加主日弥撒的典型教堂常客（对这次访问）更加狂热。”
Nevertheless, a majority of Argentines expect a “message from the pope focused on the social and humanitarian agenda”. Grabois notes the transformative impact that first Francis and now Leo have had “with left-leaning activists” in Argentina. “I’m not speaking about atheists, but outright anticlerical people. People who, 10 years ago, held views that were very, very hostile toward the church,” he said. “I even see them as more fervent [about the visit] than typical churchgoers who attend Sunday Mass.”
对格拉博伊斯而言，“面对非人性化，普通民众正在寻求庇护，寄希望于当今唯一一个就此发声的全球声音——也就是方济各和利奥的声音。”
For Grabois, “in the face of dehumanisation, ordinary people are taking refuge in the only global voice that’s speaking out about this today – which is Francis and Leo’s.”