巴黎——澳大利亚和土耳其将于11月共同主办COP31，但这一极为罕见的联合领导决定引发了人们对气候峰会将如何展开以及谁掌握主导权的疑问。
PARIS - Australia and Turkey are co-hosting COP31 in November but the highly-unusual decision to share leadership has raised questions about how the climate summit will unfold – and who holds the power.
两国此前都曾争取主办这一备受瞩目的活动，最终不得不达成妥协：土耳其负责举办COP31，而澳大利亚则主导正式谈判。
Both countries had fought to host the high-profile event, forcing a compromise under which Turkey would stage COP31 but Australia would run the formal negotiations.
两国代表团坚称双方正密切合作，并承诺从11月9日在土耳其城市安塔利亚举行的峰会开始，将提供稳定且可预期的领导。
The two delegations insist they are working closely together and have pledged steady and predictable leadership at the summit starting Nov 9 in the Turkish city of Antalya.
但总部位于巴黎的政策智库IDDRI的安娜·佩雷斯·卡塔拉表示，这种“双主席”模式在联合国气候峰会上“前所未有”，其成功与否尚无定论。
But the dual-presidency model “has no precedent” at UN climate summits and its success is not guaranteed, said Anna Perez Catala from the Paris-based policy think tank IDDRI.
卡塔拉说：“此举旨在展示各国即使在困难时期也能携手合作，但也可能引发分歧。”
It “aims to showcase countries can work together even in difficult times, but could bring disagreements,” Catala said.
从竞争对手到合作伙伴：气候峰会的主办权在各大区域集团之间轮转，通常由相关集团成员协商后以共识方式选定东道主。
Rivals to partners The climate summits rotate between regional blocs, with the host normally selected by consensus after consultation among members of the relevant group.
在巴西举行的COP2025上，澳大利亚和土耳其曾是2026年峰会的主办方竞争者。由于双方都不愿退出竞争，外交僵局由此产生。
Australia and Turkey arrived at COP 2025 in Brazil as rival bidders for the 2026 summit and a diplomatic stalemate ensued when neither would withdraw from the race.
澳大利亚的申办方案获得了更广泛的支持，但土耳其并未退让。该国强调自身能够弥合工业化国家与发展中国家的分歧，并指出安塔利亚拥有充足且价格合理的酒店资源。
Australia’s bid enjoyed wider support but Turkey did not relent, arguing it could bridge industrialised and developing nations and highlighting ample, affordable hotel capacity in Antalya.
经过多轮闭门会谈，双方最终达成妥协：土耳其将担任COP31主席，在安塔利亚主办峰会并接待各国领导人，同时负责制定与正式会谈并行的“行动议程”。
After extensive closed-door talks, a compromise was reached: Turkey would be COP31 President, host the summit and world leaders in Antalya, and design the “action agenda” that runs alongside the formal talks.
澳大利亚气候部长克里斯·鲍文则被任命为“谈判主席”，并获得了谈判的“专属授权”。
Australia’s Climate Minister Chris Bowen was named “President of Negotiations” and granted “exclusive authority” of the negotiations.
此外，本周还在斐济和图瓦卢举行了峰会前的会议，以体现澳大利亚最初希望峰会聚焦太平洋地区的意愿。谁来做决定？
Additionally, pre-COP meetings are being held in Fiji and Tuvalu this week in a nod to Australia’s original desire for the summit to have a Pacific focus. Who decides?
这一妥协解决了主办权的僵局，但关于具体安排的问题也随即浮现。
The compromise resolved the hosting deadlock – but questions over the specifics soon emerged.
4月，当法新社（AFP）问及他是否将在谈判中发挥作用时，即将担任COP31主席的穆拉特·库鲁姆（Murat Kurum）表示，土耳其“将在任何地方、所有地方都发挥作用，因为土耳其就是COP31的主席国”。
In April, when asked by AFP if he would have a role in the negotiations, incoming COP31 President Murat Kurum said Turkey would “play a role anywhere, everywhere, because Turkey is the COP31 president”.
“归根结底，最终的决定将由COP31主席团作出。”库鲁姆说道，他同时也是土耳其的环境部长。
“At the end of the day, the decisions will be taken by the COP31 Presidency,” said Kurum, who is also Turkey’s environment minister.
6月，鲍文（Bowen）承认，这一独特的安排确实引发了一些担忧，但他表示这些担忧是多余的。
In June, Bowen acknowledged there was some nervousness over the unique arrangement but said concerns were misplaced.
“我理解，因为这是一件新事物。但我们正在做的事情实际上有很多好处和潜力，”他在德国波恩举行的联合国年中气候会议期间对法新社表示。
“I do understand because it’s a new thing. But what we’re doing actually has a lot of benefits and potential,” he told AFP in Bonn, Germany, during the mid-year UN climate sessions.
当被问及谁将在COP31上敲响最终定槌时，鲍文回答：“库鲁姆和我……一起。”他还补充说：“我们正非常密切地合作。”
When asked who would bring down the final gavel at COP31, Bowen replied: “Kurum and I... Together.”“We are working very closely together,” he added.
然而到了9月，当再次被问及澄清这一情况时，库鲁姆强调：“土耳其并非与澳大利亚共同担任COP31的主席国。”
Yet in September, when asked again to clarify this situation, Kurum stressed: “Turkey is not co-chairing COP31 with Australia”.
“在进行这些谈判时，澳大利亚将与COP31主席团协商合作，而最终的决定权仍属于COP31主席团，”他对记者说。
“In conducting those negotiations, Australia will work in consultation with the COP31 Presidency, and ultimately the final decision rests with the COP31 Presidency,” he told reporters.
呼吁明确立场 库鲁姆和鲍文坚称这一安排运行顺利，他们互称挚友，并在两国国家队参加2026年世界杯时开玩笑谈论足球。
Call for clarity Kurum and Bowen insist the arrangement is working smoothly, calling each other good friends and joshing about football when their national sides competed in the 2026 World Cup.
“我们确实正与澳大利亚以及我们在那里的朋友们和谐合作……到目前为止，我们并未遇到任何问题，也不预计未来会出现问题，”库鲁姆在9月表示。但这一创新安排能否成功，仍有待观察。
“We are genuinely working in harmony with Australia and our friends there... We have not experienced any problems so far, and we do not expect to encounter any in the future,” Kurum said in September. But it remains to be seen whether the novel arrangement works out.
“从历史上看，当COP会议缺乏对流程或主席国角色的明确界定时，往往会分散人们对核心工作的注意力，”德国前气候特使詹妮弗·摩根（Jennifer Morgan）告诉法新社。
“Historically when there has been a lack of clarity of process or roles of presidencies at the COPs, it has diverted attention from the work at hand,” Germany’s former climate envoy Jennifer Morgan told AFP.
此次峰会召开之际，气候外交正处在一个脆弱时刻：能源安全问题在政治议程中占据重要位置，对多边机构的信任正面临压力，各国在应对导致全球变暖的化石燃料方面仍需采取更严厉措施，但分歧依然存在。
The summit comes at a fragile moment for climate diplomacy: energy security concerns are high on the political agenda, trust in multilateral institutions is under pressure, and nations remain divided over tougher action on planet-heating fossil fuels.
一位法国政府官员表示，两国之间存在“明确的角色分工”：“这是一种新方法，因此我们将拭目以待，看看它在实践中效果如何。”法新社
A French government official said there was a “clear division of roles” between the two countries: “It’s a new approach, so we’ll see how it works in practice.”AFP