特朗普的关税和贸易争端正在提高美国制造商的成本，尤其是铝和钢铁企业，随着中期选举的临近。
Trump’s tariffs and trade fights are raising costs for US manufacturers, especially aluminium and steel firms, as midterms near.
俄亥俄州的企业表示，更高的关税、运输成本以及与加拿大的紧张关系正在损害销售、招聘和扩张计划。
Ohio businesses say higher duties, transport costs and Canada tensions are hurting sales, hiring and expansion plans.
行业领袖警告称，这些政策可能对某些企业有利，但总体上正在造成不确定性、客户流失和更广泛的经济压力。
Industry leaders warn the policies may help some firms, but overall they are causing uncertainty, lost customers and wider economic strain.
AI生成 俄亥俄州北杰克逊 – 对于经营美国俄亥俄州铝制品制造商的道格·伦德来说，特朗普总统的关税意味着每年增加数百万美元的成本——最近，伊朗战争又使得运输更加昂贵。
AI generated NORTH JACKSON, Ohio – For Doug Rende, who runs an aluminium product manufacturer in the US state of Ohio, President Donald Trump’s tariffs have meant millions of dollars more in annual costs – and recently, the Iran war has made shipments even more expensive.
伦德是Shapes公司的首席执行官，该公司是众多因特朗普经济政策而受到冲击的美国生产商之一，随着中期选举的临近。“令人沮丧”可能是一个恰当的词，伦德对法新社表示。
Rende is chief executive at Shapes, one of many American producers smarting from Trump’s economic policies as midterm elections approach. “Frustrating would be one word,” Rende told AFP.
“而且我认为我们正在感受到，不仅对政府，而且对政府流程、国会制衡行政权力的角色缺乏信任，”他补充道。
“And I think that we’re sensing a lack of trust in not only the administration but the governmental process, the role of Congress to rein in executive power,” he added.
自2025年1月重返总统职位以来，特朗普一直利用行政权力对各种产品和国家征收关税。
Since returning to the presidency in January 2025, Trump has wielded executive authority to slap tariffs on various products and countries.
除了铝，这些关税还波及钢铁和汽车行业，而美国的贸易伙伴也面临因国家而异的额外关税。
Besides aluminium, the duties hit steel and autos too, while US trading partners face additional tariffs that vary by country.
尽管一些美国制造商因外国竞争对手面临更高壁垒而受益，但其他企业却在成本飙升和持续不确定性中挣扎。
Even as some American manufacturers have benefited as their foreign competitors encounter higher barriers, others struggle with ballooning costs and persistent uncertainty.
特朗普与加拿大日益升级的贸易争端以及与伊朗的战争只会加深人们的担忧。
Trump’s spiralling trade fight with Canada and war with Iran have only deepened worries.
对特朗普贸易政策的不满是民主党希望在参众两院选举中夺回控制权时希望利用的分歧线之一。
Grievances over Trump’s trade policies are among fault lines that Democrats hope will work in their favour as they push to flip control of the Senate and House of Representatives in November’s vote.
难以应对 伦德位于俄亥俄州北杰克逊的公司生产并分销用于围栏等装置的铝制建筑产品。
Tough to cope Rende’s company in North Jackson, Ohio, makes and distributes aluminium building products used in fixtures like fences.
特朗普对铝的关税稳步上升，从他第一个任期的10%上升到2025年的25%，再到50%，而伦德感受到了影响。
Trump’s tariffs on aluminium have steadily climbed, from 10% during his first presidency to 25% and then 50% in 2025, and Rende has felt the impact.
“仅今年一年，额外成本就高达450万美元（约合580万新元）至500万美元，”伦德说。
“This year alone, it’s upwards of US$4.5 million (S$5.8 million) to US$5 million in additional costs,” Rende said.
“终端消费者愿意承担的成本也有限，”他补充道。“所以，我们承担了相当大的一部分。”这些额外成本包括更高的运输费用，因为在美以对伊朗战争期间油价飙升。伦德表示，供应商货物每个集装箱的附加费“高达6500美元”。因此，他暂停了新岗位的招聘，同时加大了对机器人装配的投资。
“There’s only so much that the end consumer is willing to eat,” he added. “So, we absorb a healthy portion.”These added costs include steeper transportation fees, as fuel prices surged with the US-Israel war on Iran. Surcharges are “upwards of US$6,500 per container” of goods from suppliers, Rende said. As a result, he has paused recruitment for new jobs while investing in more robotic assembly.
另一位俄亥俄州制造商萨姆·米勒，生产厨房和卫浴产品，在特朗普的贸易战中双线受冲击——他不仅要为来自亚洲的进口材料支付关税，还因贸易紧张而难以拓展加拿大市场。
Sam Miller, another Ohio manufacturer who makes kitchen and bathroom products, has been hit on both fronts in Trump’s trade wars, paying tariffs on imported materials from Asia while finding it harder to expand into Canada because of trade tensions.
“企业应对起来很困难，”米勒在沃伦的工厂车间对法新社表示，附近一台机器正在切割台面材料。“我认为会出现对共和党观点的转变。”尽管米勒在最高法院推翻了特朗普的许多关税后获得了退税，但美国领导人此后又恢复了许多关税。“紧张”美加关系恶化也增加了他的挑战。自8月贸易谈判破裂以来，华盛顿和渥太华相互对对方产品加征关税。
“It’s been difficult for businesses to manage,” Miller told AFP from his factory floor in Warren as a machine hummed nearby, cutting countertop material. “I do think that there will be a shift away from Republican views.”Although Miller received refunds after the Supreme Court struck down many of Trump’s duties, the US leader has since reinstated many of them. ‘Straining’Deteriorating US-Canada ties add to his challenges, with Washington and Ottawa slapping tariffs on each other’s products after trade negotiations collapsed in August.
“我们正在向加拿大销售产品，这对我们和我们的客户来说都是一种特别的压力，”米勒说。他原本计划今年在加拿大开设一个分销设施，但进展已放缓。
“We’re selling into Canada and it is particularly straining on both us and our customers,” Miller said. He originally planned on opening a distribution facility in Canada this year, but progress has slowed.
杨斯敦-沃伦地区商会主席盖伊·科维埃洛告诉法新社，他正密切关注关税、伊朗战争和移民问题。
Guy Coviello, president of the Youngstown Warren Regional Chamber, told AFP he is monitoring tariffs, the Iran war and immigration very closely.
科维埃洛表示，这些因素对企业来说是“参差不齐”的，但总体而言是负面的，他的商会拥有约3000名成员。他说，一些公司已经失去客户或被迫缩减规模。
These are a “mixed bag” for firms but negative overall, said Coviello, whose business group has some 3,000 members. Some firms have lost customers or had to downsize, he said.
加拿大也是俄亥俄州最大的出口市场，该州三分之一的出口产品销往加拿大。“更复杂的是，有些货物会多次来回跨越边境，”他说。
Canada is also Ohio’s biggest export market, with a third of Ohio’s exports going to the country. “Where it gets even more complicated is that there are some goods that go back and forth across the border multiple times,” he said.
伊朗战争加剧了压力，由于中东的无人机袭击，导致运输成本上升，铝供应受到冲击。
The Iran war adds to stresses, raising freight costs and hitting aluminium supplies due to drone attacks in the Middle East.
由于美国缺乏新的铝冶炼厂，科维埃洛表示：“我们支持对国防和医疗行业等关键产品征收关税。”
With a lack of new US aluminium smelters, Coviello said: “We are all for tariffs for critical items such as defence and medical industry.”
但他补充道：“当谈到非关键且在美国无法获得的产品时，我们必须谨慎行事。”法新社
But he added: “We have to be careful when you’re talking about products that are not crucial and are not available in the US.”AFP