利雅得，10月13日 — — 在利雅得机场遭遇一系列致命袭击、造成至少18人死亡、300多人受伤的前几天，沙特阿拉伯停止发布关于即将发生军事袭击的公开警告。
RIYADH, Oct 13 - Saudi Arabia stopped issuing public warnings of imminent military attacks days before a series of deadly strikes on Riyadh airport that killed at least 18 people and wounded more than 300.
政府尚未说明为何在过去一周发生的四起利雅得袭击事件之前没有向公众发出警报。
The government has not said why there were no alerts to the public before the four Riyadh attacks in the past week.
这些警告曾用于凸显暴力行为如何削弱王国在也门伊朗支持的胡塞武装冲突期间，向国内和国际社会展示平静形象的努力。
The warnings had served to highlight the violence undermining the kingdom's efforts to project an image of calm to its people and the world during its war with Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthis.
在机场袭击期间缺乏此类警告引发了人们对沙特阿拉伯遭受袭击脆弱性的质疑，以及其保护居民和游客能力的担忧。该地区四名西方和阿拉伯官员以及政治分析人士向路透社如此表示。他们还说，这也反映了维持一种正常感的努力。
Their absence during the airport strikes raised questions about Saudi Arabia's vulnerability to attack and about its ability to protect residents and visitors, four Western and Arab officials in the region and political analysts told Reuters. It also reflected efforts to maintain a sense of normalcy, they said.
“他们（沙特政府）想要两全其美：既要发动军事行动，又要同时尝试向国内民众和外部利益相关者传递信心，”总部位于美国的沙特学者、中东政策委员会智库高级常驻研究员苏尔坦·阿尔默尔说道。
"They (the Saudi government) want to have it both ways: to launch a military operation and at the same time try to give confidence to the population and external stakeholders," said Sultan Alamer, a US-based Saudi academic and Senior Resident Fellow at the Middle East Policy Council think tank.
沙特民防 — — 一个隶属于内政部、负责国家应急管理、救援和消防，并负责发布早期预警警报的机构 — — 以及沙特政府媒体办公室均未回复通过电子邮件提出的关于为何未发布警报的问题。
The Saudi civil defence - a national emergency management, rescue and firefighting agency which operates under the interior ministry and issues early warning alerts - and the Saudi government media office did not respond to emailed questions on why no alerts were issued.
一些地区分析人士表示，沙特阿拉伯的做法也存在适得其反的风险，因为缺乏警告已经加剧了王国内部的不确定性。
Saudi Arabia's approach is also one that some regional analysts said risked backfiring because the absence of warnings has heightened uncertainty in the kingdom.
周一，沙特阿拉伯民防当局自9月29日以来首次发布警报，警告利雅得和南部城市可能存在的威胁。
On Monday, Saudi Arabia's civil defence authority issued its first alerts since September 29, warning of potential threats in Riyadh and southern cities.
路透社无法确定重新发布警报的决定是否是对机场袭击的回应，沙特政府也未就此事立即回应置评请求。
Reuters was unable to ascertain whether the decision to issue alerts again was a response to the airport attacks, and the Saudi government did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the matter.
自美伊战争于二月爆发以来，所有海湾国家都遭到伊朗无人机和导弹的袭击，但各国政府对公众警告的处理方式各不相同。
All Gulf countries have been hit by Iranian drones and missiles since the US-Iran war began in February, but their governments have handled public warnings differently.
卡塔尔内政部在几乎每次袭击前都发布了手机警报，包括七月份最近的几次袭击，当时居民被警告留在室内并远离窗户。巴林和科威特反复拉响警笛，敦促民众寻找掩护。
Qatar's interior ministry has issued mobile phone alerts before nearly every attack, including most recent attacks in July, when residents were warned to stay inside and away from windows. Bahrain and Kuwait have repeatedly sounded sirens urging people to take shelter.
沙特阿拉伯自五月起通过国家预警系统向手机和社交媒体账户发布威胁警报。但尽管胡塞武装的袭击在上周之前持续增加，该系统却陷入沉默。
Saudi Arabia began issuing threat alerts to mobile phones and social media accounts via a national early warning system in May. But despite increasing Houthi attacks leading up to last week, the system went silent.
根据民防X账户的帖子，上周袭击前最后一次警报是在九月二十九日发布的，针对的是南部省份纳季兰。
The last alert before last week's attacks was issued on September 29, for the southern province of Najran, according to posts on the civil defence X account.
民防部门一直在发布关于在恶劣天气（包括雨水和洪水）期间远离危险区域的警告，并且最近一次是在周一发布的。
The civil defences authority has continued to issue warnings about staying out of harm's way during adverse weather, including rain and flooding, and did so as recently as Monday.
该部门还根据三月份发布的政府规定，警告居民不要分享有关拦截和撞击地点的图片、谣言或信息，包括在周一的一篇帖子中。
It also warned residents not to share images, rumours or information about interceptions and impact sites, including in a post on Monday, under government regulations issued in March.
路透社无法确定是否有人因分享此类信息而被起诉，沙特政府媒体办公室也未就此事发表评论的请求作出回应。
Reuters could not determine whether anyone had faced prosecution for sharing such information, and the Saudi government media office did not respond to a request for comment on the matter.
在上周的机场袭击之前，一盟国西方政府的官员曾询问沙特当局为何警报停止，两位直接了解此事的官员表示。
Before last week's airport attacks, officials from an allied Western government asked Saudi authorities why the alerts had stopped, two officials with direct knowledge of the matter said.
这些官员称，沙特方面的回应是警报过于扰民，许多公民抱怨夜间被警报吵醒。沙特政府媒体办公室和沙特官员未就此说法的置评请求作出回应。
The response was that the alerts were too disruptive and many citizens had complained they were being woken by them at night, the officials said. The Saudi government media office and Saudi officials did not respond to requests for comment on the assertion.
前美国驻沙特大使迈克尔·拉特尼表示，利雅得试图在公开表态与防止王国出现混乱之间取得平衡，但最终却加剧了人们对袭击的不安感。
Former US ambassador to Saudi Arabia Michael Ratney said Riyadh was trying to balance public messaging on attacks with efforts to prevent disruption in the kingdom but had ended up adding to a sense of unease about the strikes.
“他们在公开表态上的做法似乎是他们所处困境的延伸：他们需要回应胡塞武装，但又不希望这导致社会混乱，而他们的公开表态正是这种考量的反映，”他说。
"Their approach to public messaging seems like a corollary to the quandary they are in: They need to respond to the Houthis but don't want that to result in societal disruption and their public messaging is a reflection of that," he said.
“但缺乏对即将到来的胡塞武装袭击的预警，恰恰制造了他们试图避免的那种紧张情绪。”亲近沙特政府的沙特分析师阿里·希哈比表示，无论是否有早期预警，由于国家幅员辽阔，沙特王国都难以防御其所有资产。
"But the lack of alerts of incoming Houthi attacks creates the very nervousness they are trying to avoid." Ali Shihabi, a Saudi analyst close to the government, said that with or without early warnings, the kingdom would struggle to defend all of its assets because of its size.
“在沙特阿拉伯，你需要保护的东西太多了。这是一个拥有机场、管道和油气设施的庞大国家。根本没有足够的覆盖范围来一次性防御所有目标，也没有足数的爱国者（导弹防御系统）、拦截器和导弹炮兵来完成这项任务，”他说。
"In Saudi Arabia you have too much to protect. It's a huge country with airports, pipelines and oil facilities. There is just not enough coverage to defend everything at once, not enough Patriots (missile defence systems), interceptors and missile batteries to do it all," he said.
“沙特阿拉伯对防空系统有着无限的需求，”他补充道。“尽管遭到袭击，沙特阿拉伯仍于周一举办了一场国际会议，尽管主要石油公司高管退出了会议。”
"Saudi Arabia has an unlimited need for air defences," he added." Despite the attacks, Saudi Arabia hosted an international conference on Monday, though major oil bosses dropped out.
在利雅得举行的世界石油理事会能源大会上，沙特王子阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·本·萨勒曼——沙特王储的兄弟兼该国能源部长——在承认风险并强调沙特阿拉伯将保持经济计划不偏离轨道的同时，表达了坚定的立场。他感谢所有前往利雅得的人士，“因为你们知道这个国家是安全的”，但同时补充道：“我们在此聚会并不意味着风险已经消失。”“我们永远不会放弃任何维护我们承诺和愿景的机会，”他说。
At the World Petroleum Council Energy Congress in Riyadh, Saudi Prince Abdulaziz bin Salaman, a brother of the Saudi crown prince and the kingdom's energy minister, struck a defiant tone while acknowledging risks and Saudi Arabia's intent to keep its economic plans on track. He thanked all who had travelled to Riyadh "because you know this country is safe" but added: "Our gathering here does not mean the risk is gone."" We will never forfeit any chance to maintain our commitment and our vision," he said.
尽管本月直至周一之前尚未发布任何公开警报，但两名西方官员表示，利雅得本月已遭遇约十几次袭击。
Despite no public alerts being issued this month until Monday, Riyadh has been attacked about a dozen times, two of the Western officials said.
根据三位熟悉情况的人士透露以及路透社看到的警报，在此期间，王国的西方使馆一直在向员工发布他们自己的内部导弹和无人机警报。
During that time, Western embassies in the kingdom have been issuing their own internal missile and drone alerts to staff, according to three people familiar with the matter and alerts seen by Reuters.
其中一位熟悉情况的人士表示，这些内部警报是由美国和其他西方政府情报以及沙特当局提供的信息综合编制而成的。
These internal alerts are compiled from a mixture of US and other Western government intelligence and input from Saudi authorities, one of those people said.
根据熟悉情况的人士的说法，这些警报包括上周首次两次机场袭击期间发送给员工的警报。
They include alerts sent to staff around the time of two first airport strikes last week according to the people familiar with the matter.
他们表示，即使是在上周六机场袭击之前，使馆也未收到任何内部警告，但未作出解释。
They said that even the embassies had received no internal warning before Saturday's airport strike, without offering an explanation.
路透社无法确定为何在上周六袭击——即上周袭击中最致命的一次——之前没有发出警告。周日，沙特国家电视台发布了上周六袭击的录像。
Reuters could not determine why no warning came before Saturday's attack, the deadliest of last week's attacks. On Sunday, Saudi state TV released footage of Saturday's strike.
画面显示，机场航站楼内有多名旅客。数十人排队登机。男男女女坐在椅子上等待，目光紧盯着手机屏幕，边等边刷。随后，一枚导弹爆炸亮起橙色闪光。
It showed several shots of travellers in the airport terminal. Dozens lined up to board a flight. Men and women sat in chairs waiting, their eyes trained on the screens of their mobile phones as they scrolled. Then, the bright orange flash of a missile explosion.