2026年10月14日，在巴黎发布“替代预算案”时，“不屈法国”议员、国民议会财政委员会主席埃里克·科克雷尔与让-卢克·梅朗雄在一起。
Eric Coquerel, a La France Insoumise MP and chair of the Assemblée Nationale Finance Committee, with Jean-Luc Mélenchon, during the presentation of the "alternative budget" in Paris on October 14, 2026.
一笔勾销债务、立竿见影减轻负担：极左派候选人让-卢克·梅朗雄凭借这一颇具争议的主张，吸引了公众对法国总统大选的关注。具体而言，是指由欧洲央行（ECB）持有的那部分债务，占法国当前债务的19%。在演讲中，“不屈法国”领袖指出，历史上有许多先例，再次取消债务并不罕见。
Wiping out the debt with a stroke of a pen and providing immediate relief: Hard-left candidate Jean-Luc Mélenchon has captivated public debate around France's presidential campaign with this controversial idea. Specifically, the portion held by the European Central Bank (ECB) which accounts for 19% of France's current debt. In his speeches, the LFI leader has pointed out that there have been many historical precedents and that another cancellation would not be so unusual.
让我们回顾其中一些先例，试图汲取教训：1797年，法国最后一次大规模破产；1928年和1932年，两次鲜为人知的法国债务部分取消；最后是1953年，德国获得大规模债务重组。
Let's revisit some of these precedents to try to draw lessons from them: 1797, the last major French bankruptcy; 1928 and 1932, two little-known partial cancellations of France's debt; and finally, 1953, when Germany benefited from a major restructuring.
从这些事件中可以得出三条关键教训。首先，虽然债务取消确实在随后几年带来了实实在在的经济改善，但它们只有在与债权人经历漫长且极其艰难的博弈后才发生，往往持续十余年。其次，除1797年外，私人债权人均系统性地获豁免。最后，接受本文采访的经济学家和历史学家均不认为，法国目前处于与以往导致债务取消的情形（如战争和革命）可比的境地。
Three key lessons can be drawn from these events. First, while debt cancellations did indeed bring about real economic improvement in the years that followed, they only occurred after long and very difficult battles with creditors, often stretching over more than a decade. Next, with the exception of 1797, private lenders were systematically spared. Finally, none of the economists or historians interviewed for this article believed that France is in a situation comparable to those that led to previous cancellations, such as wars and a revolution.