美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正在加速推进建立月球基地的计划，并力争在短短两年内让宇航员重返月球表面。
NASA is moving fast on its plans to build a moon base and return astronauts to the lunar surface in as little as two years.
美联社记者 马西娅·邓恩 佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角报道 —— 美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正在加速推进建立月球基地的计划，并力争在短短两年内让宇航员重返月球表面。
MARCIA DUNN CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — NASA is moving fast on its plans to build a moon base and return astronauts to the lunar surface in as little as two years.
局长贾里德·艾萨克曼周五表示，该航天机构仍按计划于明年夏天发射“阿尔忒弥斯3号”任务，执行与埃隆·马斯克和杰夫·贝佐斯的月球着陆器进行对接演练。为期两周的任务将有四名宇航员参与，但将局限于地球轨道飞行，此次不进行月球之旅。
Administrator Jared Isaacman said Friday that the space agency is still on track to launch Artemis III next summer on a docking exercise with Elon Musk’s and Jeff Bezos’ lunar landers. The two-week mission featuring four astronauts will be confined to orbit around Earth — no moon trip this time.
艾萨克曼表示，至关重要的“阿尔忒弥斯4号”任务——即阿波罗时代以来美国宇航员首次登月——仍定于2028年进行。此次情况通报距离“阿尔忒弥斯2号”任务成功绕月飞行已过去六个月，那次任务由四名宇航员执行，是人类半个多世纪以来的首次月球之旅。
The all-important Artemis IV— NASA’s first moon landing by astronauts since Apollo — remains scheduled for 2028, Isaacman said. His update came six months after the successful Artemis II flight around the moon by four astronauts, humanity’s first lunar trip in more than half a century.
据官员透露，NASA将尽可能长时间地保留选择余地，然后再在SpaceX和蓝色起源之间做出选择，以确定“阿尔忒弥斯4号”任务的月球着陆器。
NASA will keep its options open as long as possible before choosing between SpaceX and Blue Origin for the Artemis IV lunar lander, according to officials.
艾萨克曼表示，将宇航员送上月球的“新太空竞赛”——如今的竞争对手是中国，而阿波罗时代是苏联——之所以“比以往任何时候都更接近”，是因为过去几年进展缓慢。
Isaacman said the “new space race” to land astronauts on the moon — racing against China now versus the Soviet Union during the Apollo era — will be “much closer than it ever needed to be” because of slow going in past years.
但他指出，航天局现在正在加快步伐，取消了无休止的会议和官僚惯性，SpaceX、蓝色起源及其他公司正昼夜奋战以赶上期限，NASA也在充实员工队伍。
But the space agency is now accelerating its pace, he noted, eliminating endless meetings and bureaucratic inertia, as SpaceX, Blue Origin and other companies scramble around the clock to meet the deadlines and NASA bolsters its workforce.
艾萨克曼说，采用阿波罗计划1968年至1972年间那种紧迫而高强度的方法，并非“科技行业的仙女粉或某种新管理理念”。那一时期共有24名宇航员飞往月球，其中12人登月。
Adopting Apollo’s urgent and intense approach from 1968 through 1972, a period which saw 24 astronauts fly to the moon and 12 land on it, is not “tech industry pixie dust or some new management philosophy,” Isaacman said.
“这是关乎我们自己的历史。这是一本该机构非常熟悉的剧本，正是这本剧本让该机构仅用九个月就从‘阿波罗7号’溅落推进到‘阿波罗11号’，”他在肯尼迪航天中心的新闻发布会上表示。
“It’s about our own history. It’s a playbook this agency knows really well, the same playbook that went from Apollo 7 splashdown to Apollo 11 in just nine months,” he said during a news conference at Kennedy Space Center.
两艘着陆器将于明年夏天发射，供三名美国宇航局宇航员和一名意大利宇航员进行对接演练，他们将乘坐美国宇航局的“奥赖恩”飞船发射入轨。该任务要求从卡纳维拉尔角在短时间内连续进行三次发射。“奥赖恩”飞船将首先在距地球约270英里（435公里）的高空与蓝色起源公司的“蓝色幽灵”着陆器对接，随后在略低的轨道上与SpaceX公司的“星舰”对接。
Both landers will be launched next summer for docking practice by the three NASA astronauts and one Italian who will blast into orbit aboard NASA’s Orion capsule. The mission will require three launches in quick succession from Cape Canaveral. Orion will dock first with Blue Origin’s Blue Ghost about 270 miles (435 kilometers) above Earth, then with SpaceX’s Starship in a slightly lower orbit.
“作为一个火箭发烧友，这将会非常酷，”美国宇航局副局长阿米特·克沙特里亚说。
“As a rocket nerd, it’s going to be pretty awesome,” said Amit Kshatriya, NASA’s associate administrator.
美国宇航局计划在月球南极附近建立的月球基地——远离阿波罗任务那些更靠近赤道的着陆点——有望在年底前迎来首次发射。那家2024年首次月球着陆任务以失败告终的匹兹堡公司将进行“二次尝试”，这次瞄准月球南极地区，携带探测车和其他实验设备。随后将有更多着陆器、探测车和轨道器相继发射，官员们表示，等到首批“阿耳忒弥斯”计划登月宇航员抵达时，他们的月球车将已经在那里等候他们了。
NASA’s planned moon base near the moon’s south pole — nowhere near Apollo’s more equatorial locales — should see its first launch by year’s end. The Pittsburgh company whose first lunar landing mission fizzled in 2024 will attempt a “take two,” this time aiming for the moon’s south polar region with a rover and other experiments. More landers, rovers and orbiters will follow, so many that by the time the first Artemis moonwalkers arrive, their moon car will already be there waiting for them, according to officials.
为了加快进度并降低风险，首批登月宇航员将穿着一种比Axiom Space公司仍在为更长时间、后续远征任务开发的那款宇航服更轻便、结构更简单的宇航服。Axiom Space公司将于明年在国际空间站上测试这些所谓的“短途出舱宇航服”。
To speed up and reduce risk, the initial moonwalkers will wear a lighter, less complex spacesuit than the one still under development by Axiom Space for longer, later excursions. Axiom will test these new so-called “sortie suits” on the International Space Station next year.
美国宇航局宇航员弗兰克·鲁比奥是“阿耳忒弥斯3号”机组成员之一，他说，建立长期驻留能力才是让此次任务比阿波罗式的“通勤式”飞行更具挑战性的原因。“这是难以置信的雄心壮志，”鲁比奥对
Setting up a long-term presence is what makes this so much more challenging than the Apollo-style commuter flights, said NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, who is part of the Artemis III crew. “It is incredibly ambitious,” Rubio told