希腊抗议土耳其-利比亚地中海海上走廊协议 托马斯·拉钦 2026年10月24日土耳其和利比亚计划作为新经济走廊的一部分，重新划定地中海海上边界。这引发了希腊的强烈抗议，也将欧盟卷入了这场冲突。
Greece protests Turkey-Libya deal on Mediterranean maritime corridor Thomas Latschan October 24, 2026 Turkey and Libya plan to redraw maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean as part of a new economic corridor. This has sparked strong protests from Greece, and has also drawn the European Union into the conflict.
土耳其寻求加强与利比亚的关系，以期未来从东地中海开采天然气。周二，利比亚议会一致批准了一项与土耳其的海上协议，旨在建立两国之间的直接海上经济走廊。
Turkey seeks to strenghten ties with Libya in a bid to extract gas from the eastern Mediterranean in future On Tuesday, the parliament of Libya unanimously approved a maritime agreement with Turkey to establish a direct maritime economic corridor between the countries.
土耳其曾于2019年与联合国承认的利比亚西部民族团结政府就该走廊达成一致。然而，该协议遭到了利比亚东部对立政府的反对。如今，东部议会却推翻了此前的反对立场。
Turkey had agreed on the corridor with the UN-recognized Government of National Accord in western Libya in 2019. However, the agreement faced opposition from the rival Libyan government in the country's east. Now, though, the eastern parliament has reversed its previous opposition.
这一受到土耳其外交部欢迎的决定，很可能加剧与东地中海其他国家的紧张关系——尤其是希腊。土耳其与利比亚的关系通过联合项目得到改善。
The decision, which was welcomed by Turkey's Foreign Ministry, is likely to contribute to tensions with other countries in the eastern Mediterranean — especially Greece Ties between Turkey and Libya have improved through joint projects 'Null and void' The agreement establishes a direct maritime corridor between the southern coast of Turkey and the northern coast of Libya.
“毫无效力” 该协议在土耳其南部海岸与利比亚北部海岸之间建立了一条直接海上走廊。最近在相关区域发现了大型油气田——据估计，海底下可能蕴藏着价值数千亿美元的天然气储量。土耳其和利比亚旨在确保对这些原材料的经济权利，并寻求共同开发资源。
Large oil and gas deposits have recently been discovered in the region in question — estimates suggest that natural gas reserves worth several hundred billion US dollars may lie beneath the seabed. Turkey and Libya aim to secure their economic rights to these raw materials and are seeking to jointly exploit the resources.
该规划走廊无视了克里特岛、卡尔帕索斯岛和罗得岛等希腊岛屿。希腊政府坚持认为，其在这些岛屿周围拥有全面的专属经济区（EEZ），并已宣布反对该协议。
The planned corridor disregards Greek islands such as Crete, Karpathos and Rhodes. Greece's government insists that it possesses a comprehensive exclusive economic zone, or EEZ, around these islands and has already announced its opposition to the accord.
希腊外交部在X平台发帖宣布，希腊坚决拒绝该协议，并在此事上得到欧盟的支持。该部发帖称：“欧盟已将土耳其-利比亚谅解备忘录描述为无效，强调它侵犯了第三国的主权权利，且不符合《海洋法公约》。”
In a post on X, the Foreign Ministry announced that Greece firmly rejects the agreement and has the support of the European Union in doing so. "The European Union has described the Turkish-Libyan memorandum as null and void, stressing that it violates the sovereign rights of third states and is not consistent with the Law of the Sea," the ministry posted.
类似的措辞直接来自布鲁塞尔。欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表卡娅·卡拉斯在国际海洋法会议上发帖称：“我提出了昨天利比亚就与土耳其的海洋谅解备忘录进行投票的问题，并强调该备忘录侵犯了第三国的主权权利。”东地中海地区谁的主张合法是争议的核心焦点。希腊主要援引《联合国海洋法公约》。根据该公约第121条，有人居住且“能维持自身经济生活”的岛屿与大陆一样有权享有专属经济区。这适用于克里特岛、罗得岛和莱斯博斯岛。
Similar wording came straight from Brussels. "I raised yesterday's Libyan vote on a maritime MoU with Türkiye and stressed that it infringes upon the sovereign rights of third states," Kaja Kallas, the European Union high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, posted on International maritime law Whose claims are legitimate in the eastern Mediterranean is the central point of contention. Greece primarily cites the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, or UNCLOS According to Article 121 of the convention, inhabited islands that "support an economic life of their own” have the same rights to an EEZ as the mainland. This applies to Crete, Rhodes and Lesbos.
雅典援引了先例，例如国际法院2022年的一项裁决，该裁决认定哥伦比亚授权在中美洲国家的专属经济区内进行捕鱼活动，侵犯了尼加拉瓜的主权权利。国际法院认定，当利益重叠时，必须达成公平的划界，并考虑到海岸线、地理条件以及潜在边界的影响。
Athens cites precedents such as a 2022 ruling by the International Court of Justice that found that Colombia had violated the sovereign rights of Nicaragua by authorizing fishing activities in the Central American country's EEZ. The ICJ found that when interests overlap a fair demarcation must be reached that takes coastlines, geographical conditions and the implications of a potential boundary into account.
土耳其政府主张，地中海的地理状况发挥着特殊作用：如果土耳其和塞浦路斯沿海的每一个希腊小岛都被授予完整的专属经济区，土耳其将在很大程度上被切断通往公海的通道。政府主张，在划定边界时必须对此给予更多考虑。
Turkey's government argues that the geography of the Mediterranean plays a special role: If every small Greek island off the coast of Turkey and Cyprus were granted a full EEZ, Turkey would be largely cut off from access to the open sea. This, the government argues, must be given greater consideration when demarcating the boundary.
与希腊不同，土耳其从未签署《联合国海洋法公约》。因此，它不同意将争端提交联合国仲裁法庭审理。此外，即便是国际海洋法专家，对于这一具体案件中何种划分算作“公平划分”，也存在分歧。
Unlike Greece, Turkey has never signed UNCLOS. Therefore, it does not agree to have the dispute heard by a UN arbitration tribunal. Moreover, even international experts on the law of the sea disagree on what a "fair division” might look like in this specific case.
在反对多年后，哈夫塔改变了对该协议的立场 土耳其和利比亚 2019年土耳其推动达成该协议时，利比亚仍陷入残酷内战。当时，土耳其在西部进行军事干预以支持的黎波里政府，从而击退了东部利比亚将军哈夫塔的进攻。
Hifter reversed his position on the deal after opposing it for years Turkey and Libya When Turkey pushed for the agreement in 2019, a brutal civil war was still raging in Libya. At that time, Turkey intervened militarily in the west to support the government in Tripoli, thereby repelling the offensive by eastern Libyan General Khalifa Hifter.
从那时起，双方关系发生了根本性变化：土耳其政府发起的一场成功的“魅力攻势”，似乎促成了与哈夫塔及其阵营的政治和解。土耳其政府如今与利比亚双方均保持互利关系。除了两国计划共同开发地中海能源资源外，土耳其建筑公司近年来还为利比亚重建赢得了价值数十亿的合同。此外，土耳其国家石油公司（TPAO）与利比亚国家石油公司已在利比亚海岸外的地震勘探联合计划上展开合作。
Since then, the relationship has changed fundamentally: A successful charm offensive by Turkey's government appears to have led to a political rapprochement with Hifter and his camp. Turkey's government now maintains mutually advantageous relations with both parts of Libya. In addition to the countries' plan to develop energy resources in the Mediterranean together, Turkish construction companies have secured contracts worth billions in recent years for Libya's reconstruction. Furthermore, the Turkish state-owned oil company TPAO and the Libyan National Oil Corporation are already working on joint plans for seismic surveys off of Libya's coast.
土耳其政府已确立了自己作为哈夫塔部队新军事伙伴的地位，提供武器并开展培训项目。在此过程中，土耳其正在遏制埃及和俄罗斯在东部利比亚的影响力，并强化其作为该地区地缘政治参与者的角色。
Turkey's government has established itself as a new military partner for Hifter's forces supplying weapons and offering training programs. In doing so, Turkey is pushing back against the influence of Egypt and Russia in eastern Libya and strengthening its role as a geopolitical player in the region.
土耳其如何悄然成为非洲的权力掮客 观看此视频，以及 随着该协议在地区议会获得批准，利比亚东部也力求确保自己在这笔利润丰厚的自然资源中分得一杯羹。这可能在今后赋予希夫特更大的国际影响力。由于该协议，东地中海的争端很可能进一步升级——尤其是在土耳其和利比亚开始从有争议的海域开采石油和天然气之后。
How Turkey quietly became a power broker in Africa To view this video , and With the agreement now approved in the regional parliament, eastern Libya also aims to secure its share of the lucrative natural resources. This could give Hifter greater international influence in the future. Disputes in the eastern Mediterranean are likely to escalate further as a result of the agreement — particularly once Turkey and Libya begin extracting oil and gas from the disputed maritime area.
该协议还危及一个仍处于规划阶段的大型项目：东地中海管道，该管道旨在将以色列和塞浦路斯的天然气经由希腊输送，从而为欧盟的能源安全作出重要贡献。然而，土耳其和利比亚建立的走廊横穿该管道的规划路线。土耳其还主张，在其声称拥有主权的大陆架上涉及电缆或管道的项目需要得到它的同意。
The agreement also jeopardizes a major project that is still in the planning stages: the EastMed pipeline, which is intended to transport natural gas from Israel and Cyprus via Greece, thereby making an important contribution to energy security in the European Union. However, the corridor established by Turkey and Libya cuts across the planned route of the pipeline. Turkey has also argued that projects involving cables or pipelines on its claimed continental shelf require its consent.
从长远来看，这可能导致东地中海地区分裂为两个相互竞争的能源与防务集团：由欧盟支持的希腊、塞浦路斯、埃及和以色列联盟可能会与土耳其-利比亚轴心相抗衡。
In the long term, this could lead to a division of the eastern Mediterranean region into two competing energy and defense blocs: The Turkey-Libya axis might be countered by an EU-supported alliance of Greece, Cyprus, Egypt Israel