基辅——随着俄罗斯导弹轰炸发电厂，乌克兰首都的灯火正在熄灭。民众的情绪也随之变得沉重。
KYIV—The lights in Ukraine’s capital city are failing as Russian missiles pound its power plants. The mood is darkening too.
停电变得司空见惯。供水有时也会中断。基辅三百万居民正为这场近五年战争中最严酷的冬天做准备。一些人正考虑离开这座城市。
Power cuts are becoming common. Even the water supply falters at times. The three million residents of Kyiv are bracing for the worst winter of the nearly five-year-old war. Some are thinking of leaving the city.
总统泽连斯基周四表示，自特朗普总统于10月11日宣布一项夭折的能源停火以来，俄罗斯已对乌克兰能源基础设施实施了170多次袭击。
Since a stillborn energy ceasefire announced by President Trump on Oct. 11, Russia has carried out over 170 attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, President Volodymyr Zelensky said Thursday.
几个月来，乌克兰一直严重短缺“爱国者”拦截弹——这是防御俄罗斯弹道导弹最有效的手段——原因是美伊战争后全球出现短缺。泽连斯基说：“俄罗斯显然正在利用防空物资供应放缓的机会。”
For months, Ukraine has been chronically short of Patriot interceptors, the most effective defense against Russia’s ballistic missiles, amid a global shortage following the U.S.-Iran war. “Russia is clearly taking advantage of the slowdown in air-defense supplies ,” Zelensky said.
今年俄罗斯军队在乌克兰东部战场举步维艰，以巨大伤亡为代价仅取得微乎其微的推进。莫斯科征服乌克兰的希望如今寄托在其针对乌克兰城市的战争上：一场利用导弹和远程无人机实施空袭、旨在击垮民众士气的战役。
Russia’s army has struggled on the battlefield in eastern Ukraine this year, achieving only minimal advances at the cost of massive casualties. Moscow’s hopes of conquering Ukraine now hinge on its war against Ukrainian cities: a campaign of airstrikes with missiles and long-range drones aimed at breaking the population’s morale.
在基辅，发电机在灯火黯淡的街道上轰鸣。居民楼水压时有下降。城市地铁列车有时因断电而在隧道中停运。
In Kyiv, generators hum in the light-starved streets. Water pressure in homes periodically drops. The city’s subway trains sometimes halt in tunnels when power goes out.
“我们正尽力让自己过得舒服些，”基辅两个儿子的母亲奥尔哈·索洛维奥娃说。这家人决心只要能待下去就留在城市里。
“We’re making ourselves as comfortable as possible,” said Olha Soloviova, a mother of two boys in Kyiv. The family is determined to stay in the city as long as they can.
他们只购买一天内能吃完的乳制品，因为冰箱供电不稳定。他们已储备了足够一个月饮用的水。
They only buy dairy products they can eat in a day, because electricity for refrigerators is uncertain. They have stocked up on enough drinking water for a month.
他们已经拥有充电宝，那是在俄罗斯之前几轮冬季轰炸行动中购买的，还有用于在漆黑公寓里走动的小型手持灯。
They already own power banks, bought during Russia’s previous winter bombing campaigns, as well as small hand-held lights for moving around a dark apartment.
索洛维约娃还在考虑购买一台星链终端，以确保网络连接。和许多乌克兰人一样，她对乌克兰军方使用星链终端受到的限制感到愤慨，《华尔街日报》报道称，这些限制是出于SpaceX创始人埃隆·马斯克的命令。但乌克兰在民用连接方面仍依赖这家公司。
Soloviova is also thinking of buying a Starlink terminal to ensure connectivity. Like many Ukrainians, she is upset about the limits imposed on the Ukrainian military’s use of the terminals, which The Wall Street Journal reported came on the orders of SpaceX founder Elon Musk. But Ukraine continues to rely on the company for civilian connections.
“如果我们有选择，我们不会购买星链，因为我认为这家公司及其所有者的行为完全不可接受，”索洛维约娃说。“但与家人保持联系，并及时获取飞越乌克兰的敌方目标信息，是更高的优先事项。”她经常听到爆炸声，那是俄罗斯袭击附近一座发电厂时发出的。她难以入睡，两个月前开始看心理治疗师。
“If we had a choice, we wouldn’t buy Starlink, because I find the company’s and its owner’s behavior completely unacceptable,” Soloviova said. “But staying in touch with my family and having up-to-date information on enemy targets flying over Ukraine is a higher priority.”She regularly hears explosions when Russia targets a power plant nearby. She struggles to sleep and began seeing a therapist two months ago.
“我真的精疲力竭了，意识到如果没有支持，没有外界帮助，要在情感和心理上熬过这个秋天和冬天将非常困难，”她说。
“I was really exhausted and realized that without support, without outside help, it would be very difficult emotionally and psychologically to get through this fall and winter,” she said.
能源工业研究中心主任亚历山大·哈尔琴科表示，基辅今年从俄罗斯的袭击中受到的冲击更大，因为其能源基础设施在多年的战争中遭受了巨大的累积损害。他说，去年，俄罗斯对该市的发电能力造成了持久性破坏。
Kyiv is reeling more from Russia’s attacks this year because its energy infrastructure has suffered enormous cumulative damage over years of war, said Oleksandr Kharchenko, the director of the Energy Industry Research Center. Last year, Russia did lasting damage to the city’s power-generation capacity, he said.
他说：“这个冬天将是一个停电、应急维修、恢复供电，然后再停电的循环。”
“This winter will be a cycle of power outages, emergency repairs, restoration,” and more outages, he said.
到目前为止，俄罗斯日益猛烈的轰炸并未动摇乌克兰社会抵抗的意志。调查显示，乌克兰人并未变得更愿意投降、接受俄罗斯总统普京的条件，那些条件将肢解并奴役这个国家。
So far Russia’s intensifying bombardment hasn’t broken Ukrainian society’s will to resist. Surveys show Ukrainians aren’t becoming any more willing to surrender and accept Russian President Vladimir Putin’s terms, which would dismember and subjugate the country.
民意调查显示，大多数基辅居民表示，只要能阻止俄罗斯，他们准备忍受战争，无论需要多长时间。但痛苦在加剧。死伤平民的代价也在上升，今年以来大幅攀升，尤其是过去两个月。越来越多的人正迁往乌克兰西部，希望能找到更大的安全感。
Most Kyiv residents say they are ready to endure the war for as long as it takes to stop Russia, opinion polls show. But suffering is rising. So is the toll of dead and wounded civilians, which has climbed sharply this year, especially in the past two months. A growing number of people are moving to western Ukraine, in hope of finding greater safety.
搬到西部城市伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克的决定并不容易，两个年幼孩子的母亲伊洛娜·舍姆赖说，她计划本周离开基辅。“主要考量是孩子们的心理和精神健康，”她说。
The decision to move to the western city of Ivano-Frankivsk was difficult, said Ilona Shemrai, a mother of two young children who plans to leave Kyiv this week. “The main factor was the children’s psychological and mental well-being,” she said.
在俄罗斯对基辅发动不间断无人机袭击之际，她的孩子们开始害怕睡在自己的床上，要求去走廊那边更安全的地方睡。
Her children were becoming scared of sleeping in their beds, asking for the safety of the corridor instead, amid Russia’s nonstop drone attacks on Kyiv.
舍姆赖说，当她4岁的女儿——生于战时——开始问：“妈妈，导弹会砸到我们头上吗？我们能活下来吗？”时，她决定该走了。乌克兰房地产网站Lun的数据显示，自8月以来，基辅可供出租的空置公寓数量增加了近三分之二。相比之下，西部乌克兰城市的空闲公寓减少，租金上涨，Lun的数据显示。
Shemrai said she decided it was time when her 4-year-old daughter, born during the war, started asking: “Mom, is a missile going to hit us? Are we going to survive?”The number of empty apartments available for rent in Kyiv has risen by nearly two-thirds since August, according to Ukrainian real-estate website Lun. In western Ukrainian cities, by contrast, rents are rising as the number of free apartments dwindles, Lun’s data shows.
舍姆赖发现，在伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克为孩子们找幼儿园学位很难。
Shemrai found it difficult to secure kindergarten places in Ivano-Frankivsk for her children.
但没有任何地方能完全避免俄罗斯的导弹和远程无人机袭击。伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克州的能源基础设施周二遭到袭击。舍姆赖计划为新家购买一台柴油发电机。附近的一口井将提供备用水源。
But nowhere is completely safe from Russia’s missiles and long-range drones. Ivano-Frankivsk region’s energy infrastructure was attacked Tuesday. Shemrai plans to buy a diesel-powered generator for her new home. A nearby well will provide backup water supply.