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西班牙致命火车相撞事故原因何在?目前已知信息What caused the deadly train crash in Spain? What we know so far

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2026年10月28日星期三,西班牙乌尔达,两列火车相撞事故现场,应急人员正在开展工作。(美联社/马努·费尔南德斯)Emergency services work at the scene of a collision between two trains in Urda, Spain, on Wednesday, Oct. 28, 2026. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)

周三,西班牙两列火车相撞,造成数十人死亡。当局表示,事故由计算机系统故障和明显的人为失误共同导致。

Scores of people were killed after two trains collided in Spain on Wednesday, in a crash that authorities say was caused by both computer system failure and apparent human error. At least 68 people were killed and more than 100 injured after one train rear-ended another train near the town of Urda, in Toledo province, on the high-speed line that connects Madrid and Seville.

在托莱多省乌尔达镇附近,连接马德里和塞维利亚的高速铁路线上,一列火车追尾另一列火车,造成至少68人死亡,100多人受伤。

One of the trains, operated by Spain’s national rail company Renfe, plowed into a stationary train operated by the private company Iryo, at a time when all train traffic in the area was disrupted due to a problem with the LZB train management safety system.

其中一列由西班牙国家铁路公司Renfe运营的列车撞上了一列由私营公司Iryo运营的静止列车,当时由于LZB列车管理安全系统出现问题,该地区所有列车运行均受到干扰。

It marks the third deadly rail incident in Spain this year, following a major crash in January in Córdoba province in which more than 40 people died, and a crash near Barcelona that killed a train driver.

这是西班牙今年发生的第三起致命铁路事故。此前,1月科尔多瓦省发生重大事故,造成40多人死亡;巴塞罗那附近也发生了一起事故,导致一名火车司机死亡。

“Today, Spain is in mourning. All of Spain is in mourning,” said Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez from the scene of the crash on Wednesday, as he expressed his “full solidarity” with victims’ families. Spain’s transportation minister Óscar Puente said that a computer system failure led to an issue with the safety system along a 63-kilometer (40-mile) stretch of track causing all trains in the area to be stopped automatically.

“今天,西班牙在哀悼。整个西班牙都在哀悼,”首相佩德罗·桑切斯周三在事故现场表示,并向遇难者家属表达了“全力声援”。

At that point, the state-owned company that manages Spain’s railways, ADIF, took manual command of the system and a decision was made to allow the high-speed Renfe train to continue southbound along the tracks despite a red light.

西班牙交通大臣奥斯卡·普恩特表示,计算机系统故障导致一段63公里(40英里)长轨道沿线的安全系统出现问题,使该地区所有列车自动停运。

The Renfe train was authorized to proceed without any speed restrictions due to an erroneous order from a train controller.

此时,负责管理西班牙铁路的国有企业ADIF接管了系统的人工指挥,并作出决定,允许这列Renfe高速列车尽管遇到红灯,仍继续沿轨道向南行驶。

As a result, Puente said that between 8:36 a.m. and 8:52 a.m. local time, it resumed traveling at about 124 miles per hour, eventually colliding with the stationary Iryo train.

由于列车调度员的错误指令,这列Renfe列车被授权在没有任何速度限制的情况下继续行驶。普恩特表示,结果在当地时间上午8时36分至8时52分之间,该列车以约每小时124英里的速度恢复行驶,最终撞上了静止的Iryo列车。

“There was a red signal prohibiting movement, yet the train was authorized to proceed,” the transportation minister said at a press conference on Wednesday. “It is a decision made under inexplicable circumstances.”

西班牙交通大臣周三在新闻发布会上表示:“当时有禁止通行的红色信号,但列车却获准继续行驶。这是一个在令人无法解释的情况下做出的决定。”遇难者中,24人乘坐的是从马德里开往塞维利亚的Renfe列车,44人乘坐的是同样往返于马德里和塞维利亚之间的Iryo列车。普恩特还表示,将对这一事件展开全面调查。

Among those who were killed, 24 were on the Renfe train, traveling from Madrid to Seville, and 44 were on the Iryo train, also going between Madrid and Seville. Puente added that there will be a full investigation into the incident. Sánchez said that “if there has been negligence, it will come to light. And if there have been failures in the safety system, they will be addressed with the utmost firmness.”

桑切斯表示:“如果存在疏忽,真相将会水落石出。如果安全系统存在缺陷,将以最坚决的态度加以解决。”乘客们告诉CNN,周三撞车发生的瞬间“非常混乱”,人们立刻被甩出座位,在车厢里相互压在一起。一名幸存的乘客说,尤其是有三节车厢“状况极其糟糕”。

Ppassengers told CNN that the moment of the crash on Wednesday was “very chaotic,” and people were immediately thrown out of their seats and on top of one another inside the carriages. One surviving passenger said that three of the train cars in particular “were in terrible shape.”“One was on fire, in another there were people trapped and crying,” said the passenger, who declined to give her name.

“一节车厢起火了,另一节车厢里有人被困、在哭喊,”这名不愿透露姓名的乘客说。“然后在主要的那节(受撞击的)车厢里——有人被埋在残骸下面。”

“And then in the main one (impacted) – there were people buried under debris.”Another passenger, Yoander, 25, said, “I was sleeping, and when I woke up I was already crashing into the seats in front of me.”

这是今年西班牙铁路网络发生的第三起致命事故。西班牙军事应急部队(UME)The deadly incident is the third this year to hit Spain's rail network. Spanish military emergency unit (UME)

另一名25岁的乘客约安德说:“我当时在睡觉,醒来时已经撞上了前面的座椅。”

“I hit my face and my leg,” he told CNN’s producer on the ground.

“我的脸和腿都撞伤了,”他告诉在现场的CNN制片人。“我很疼,但有人比我更需要帮助。”一名乘坐Renfe高速列车的女性也描述了人们被抛向空中的“可怕”场景。

“I’m in pain, but there are people that need more help than I do.”A woman who was traveling on the Renfe high-speed train also described “awful” scenes as people were thrown into the air. Speaking to CNN, Patricia said her train had been stopped for about 20 minutes before the accident, with an announcement explaining there was a lot of traffic.

帕特里夏在接受CNN采访时说,她的列车在事故发生前停了大约20分钟,广播解释说车流量很大。“之后我们就出发了,可能还不到三分钟,就发生了撞击,”她说。

“After that, we departed, and maybe not after even three minutes, there was a crash,” she said. “Some people were hurled into the air… it was awful,” she said.

她说:“有些人被抛到了空中……太可怕了。部分列车结构插进了我们的车厢,而我们的车厢甚至还不是受损最严重的。”根据卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰自治区政府的最新通报,伊里奥列车上有151名乘客,雷恩费列车上有393名乘客。

“Some of the train structure got into our carriage, and our carriage wasn’t even the worst (affected).”There were 151 passengers on the Iryo train and 393 passengers on the Renfe train, according to the latest update from the regional government of Castilla and La Mancha.

事故发生后,数十辆消防车、救护车和警车立即赶赴撞车现场。据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)现场团队报道,西班牙国民警卫队搭建了多个帐篷,以应对这场规模庞大的紧急救援行动。现场还至少有三架直升机协助救援工作。

Dozens of fire trucks, ambulances, and police cars rushed to the site of the crash in the immediate aftermath. The Spanish civil guard set up multiple tents for what amounted to a huge emergency response, according to CNN’s team on the ground. At least three helicopters were also at the site to assist with rescue operations.

应急救援人员一直在伊里奥列车部分严重受损车厢的残骸中搜寻。国有雷恩费高铁列车的几节车厢脱轨后侧翻在地。

Emergency responders have been combing through the rubble of some of the heavily damaged carriages of the Iryo train. Several carriages of the state-owned Renfe high-speed train were tilted on their side after coming off the rails.

当局用大巴将未受重伤的乘客转移出现场。几名被大巴送走的乘客受了轻伤,包括面部和眼部周围的割伤,以及看似流鼻血的伤势。

Authorities moved passengers who did not have serious injuries away from the site via busses. Several passengers being bussed away had minor injuries, including cuts on their faces and around their eyes, and what appeared to be bloody noses.

据CNN现场制片人报道,被疏散的乘客包括来自西班牙、巴西等多个国家的公民。美国国务院表示,有“数名”美国人在此次列车相撞事故中受伤。

The evacuated passengers included citizens of multiple nationalities, including Spain, Brazil and elsewhere, according to CNN’s producer at the scene. The US State Department has said “several” Americans were injured in the train collision.

据CNN在该地区的另一支团队报道,距离事故现场约五英里的乌尔达镇已接收了数十辆救护车和应急服务车辆。在该镇体育中心开展工作的红十字会工作人员正在救治伤者。

The town of Urda, roughly five miles from the crash site, has received dozens of ambulances and emergency service vehicles, according to a second CNN team in the area. Red Cross workers operating out of the town’s sports center are treating the injured.

西班牙国民警卫队宣布,他们已在西班牙多个不同城市开设了四个办事处,以便迅速确认事故遇难者的身份。

The Spanish Civil Guard announced that they have opened four offices in different Spanish cities to swiftly identify the victims of the crash.

与此同时,自治区政府在列车相撞事故后紧急呼吁民众献血,敦促市民前往阿尔卡萨尔-德圣胡安、雷阿尔城和托莱多等城市的献血点献血。

Meanwhile, the regional government has urgently called for blood donations following the train crash, urging citizens to donate blood at sites in the cities of Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real and Toledo.

桑切斯总理周三表示:“很明显,我们在同一年遭遇了两起涉及高铁的可怕悲剧”,承认了1月份在科尔多瓦省发生的另一起造成40多人死亡的重大事故。

Prime Minister Sánchez said on Wednesday that “it’s clear that we have suffered two terrible tragedies involving high-speed rail in the same year,” acknowledging the other major crash in Córdoba province that killed more than 40 people in January.

周三发生的事故距离1月份阿达穆斯镇附近的列车灾难现场约130英里(约209公里),位于连接马德里和塞维利亚的同一条高铁线路上。

The crash on Wednesday happened about 130 miles from the site of the January train disaster near the town of Adamuz, along the same high-speed rail route that runs between Madrid and Seville.

然而,今年早些时候那起列车事故的原因截然不同。据西班牙公共广播机构RTVE报道,那起事故涉及一列火车因轨道断裂脱轨并冲入相邻轨道。

However, the cause of the train crash earlier this year was markedly different. That collision involved one train derailing due to a break in the track and crossing onto an adjacent track, according to Spain’s public broadcaster RTVE.

现场展开了大规模应急救援,救援人员在残骸中搜寻。维奥莱塔·桑托斯·莫拉/路透社A huge emergency response has been at the scene, with rescuers searching the wreckage. Violeta Santos Moura/Reuters

在阿达穆斯列车灾难发生前,西班牙火车司机工会Semaf曾对高速导致震动及高铁线路随后的磨损提出担忧,工会一位消息人士当时告诉CNN。

Prior to the Adamuz train disaster, Spain’s train drivers’ union, Semaf, had raised concerns about high speeds causing vibrations and subsequent wear and tear along high-speed railway lines, a source from the union told CNN at the time.

阿达穆斯列车灾难发生几天后,巴塞罗那附近发生了今年的第三起事故——一列通勤列车在大雨天脱轨。据加泰罗尼亚自治区政府当时通报,那起事故造成司机死亡、数十名乘客受伤。

third crash this year near Barcelona – which happened days after the Adamuz train disaster – involved a commuter train derailing on a day of heavy rainfall. That crash killed the driver and injuring dozens of passengers, according to the regional government of Catalonia at the time.

接连发生的事故引发了对西班牙铁路基础设施、计算机系统以及两者维护状况的担忧。

The successive incidents have raised concerns about Spain’s railway infrastructure, computer systems and the maintenance of both.

但在今年之前,欧盟统计数据显示,西班牙的铁路安全记录优于许多其他欧洲国家。

But prior to this year, European Union statistics show that Spain’s rail safety record was better than many other European countries.

根据欧盟统计局的一份报告,2023年西班牙每百万居民的铁路死亡人数少于1人——当时在欧盟中记录最好。

In 2023, Spain had fewer than 1 railway deaths per one million inhabitants – giving it the best record in the EU at the time, according to a Eurostat report.

数据显示,欧盟大多数铁路死亡案例是由于未经授权人员闯入轨道造成的,而非导致车内乘客或工作人员死亡的事故。

Most railway deaths in the EU are a result of unauthorized people on the tracks, rather than incidents that kill passengers or staff inside the train, data shows.

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