选民将在中期选举中对多项关键投票提案表态。撰稿：Ivan Pereira、Zoe Kava、Megan Fahrney 虽然即将到来的中期选举的聚光灯集中在国会权力平衡上，但全国多个州和城市都有投票提案待审议，这些提案可能产生多年的连锁反应。
Voters will weigh in on several key ballot measures in the midterm elections. By Ivan Pereira, Zoe Kava, Megan Fahrney While the spotlight on the upcoming midterm elections has been on the balance of power in Congress, several states and cities around the country have ballot measures under consideration that could have ripple effects for years.
从跨性别者权利到对高收入者征税，以下是选民在选举日将审议的一些主要投票提案。
From transgender rights to taxation on high earners, here are some of the major ballot proposals that voters will consider on Election Day.
选民准入 13个州有影响选民准入和权利的投票倡议。加利福尼亚州、科罗拉多州、内华达州、北卡罗来纳州和亚利桑那州将通过投票措施实施选民身份证法律。
Voter access Voters in 13 states have ballot initiatives that would affect voter access and rights. California, Colorado, Nevada, North Carolina and Arizona would impose voter identification laws under a ballot measure.
内华达州选民已在2024年以73%的得票率通过了其选民措施，然而，该州宪法要求投票措施在两届连续选举中获批方能生效。
Nevada voters passed their voter measure with 73% of the vote in 2024, however, the state constitution requires ballot measure approval in two consecutive elections to pass.
联邦法律规定非公民无资格在选举中投票，但大多数州的宪法或法律并未明确规定这一强制性条款。阿拉斯加州、亚利桑那州、南达科他州、堪萨斯州、阿肯色州和西弗吉尼亚州有投票措施，将强制规定只有美国公民才能在该州举办的任何选举中投票。
Noncitizens are not eligible under federal law to vote in elections, but most states do not explicitly state this mandate in their constitutions or laws. Alaska, Arizona, South Dakota, Kansas, Arkansas and West Virginia have ballot measures that would mandate only U.S. citizens can vote in any elections administered in the state.
一些共和党领袖曾反对非公民参与投票，然而，此前鲜有经证实的非公民投票案例。两个州有扩大选民准入的提案。
Some Republican leaders have pushed back against noncitizens voting in elections, however, there are few proven cases of this taking place in previous elections. Two states have proposals that would expand voter access.
在马萨诸塞州，选民将决定是否在选举日实施选民当日登记。弗吉尼亚州的一项投票措施将在部分被监禁公民获释后恢复其投票权。
In Massachusetts, voters will decided whether or not to implement same-day voter registration on Election Day. A ballot measure in Virginia would restore voting rights to some incarcerated citizens after they are released from prison.
性别与性别议题 关于性别权利和跨性别议题的辩论在多个州进入选票。
Gender and sex issues The debate over gender rights and transgender issues is on the ballot in several states.
在四个州——亚利桑那州、科罗拉多州、内布拉斯加州和华盛顿州——选民将就禁止参赛者参加与其出生时指定性别不同的队伍的投票措施作出决定。
In four states -- Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska and Washington -- voters will decide on ballot measures that would prohibit participants from playing on teams that are different from their sex assigned at birth.
华盛顿州的投票提案将强制要求参加女子运动队比赛的学生提供医疗文件，以核实其性别。
Washington's ballot measure would mandate students who compete on female sports teams provide healthcare documentation verifying their sex.
科罗拉多州和密苏里州的选民将就禁止未成年人接受性别转换手术，或禁止医疗专业人员提供此类手术的提案进行投票。
Voters in Colorado and Missouri are set to vote on measures that would prohibit minors from receiving gender transition surgeries or healthcare professionals from providing the surgeries.
税收 随着可负担性和收入不平等成为美国人的主要关切，一些州正寻求通过税收政策来应对。
Taxation As affordability and income inequality have become leading concerns among Americans, some states are seeking to address that through taxation.
在加利福尼亚州、爱荷华州、北卡罗来纳州、科罗拉多州和华盛顿州这五个州，选民将决定其州税法如何变更。
In five states, California, Iowa, North Carolina, Colorado and Washington, voters will choose how their state's tax laws will change.
加利福尼亚州有四项与税收相关的提案，其中第40号提案——也被称为“亿万富翁税”——受到的关注最多。如果该提案通过，该州将对资产价值超过10亿美元的加州纳税人和信托征收5%的财富税。税收收入将用于支付州医疗保健项目、食品援助项目和公共教育。
California has four propositions related to taxation with Proposition 40 -- also known as the "billionaires' tax" -- being the one that has come under the most scrutiny. If that proposition passes, the state would levy a 5% tax on the wealth of California taxpayers and trusts with assets valued over $1 billion. The revenue would go to pay for state healthcare programs, food assistance programs and public education.
科罗拉多州的投票提案将取消该州统一税率的要求，并以累进税制取而代之，根据收入水平征收不同税率。
Colorado's ballot proposal would remove the state's uniform tax rate requirement and replace it with a progressive tax that would levy different levels of tax based on income levels.
年收入低于2.5万美元的州纳税人税率为3.7%，税率随收入上升而提高，最高税率为8.4%，征收对象为年收入超过100万美元者。
State taxpayers who make less than $25,000 annually would be taxed 3.7% and those percentage levels would rise with the maximum being 8.4% levied on anyone earning more than $1 million annually.
华盛顿州选民将决定是否废除对年收入超过100万美元的纳税人征收的9.9%税收。
Washington state voters will decide whether or not to repeal its 9.9% tax on taxpayers who make over $1 million annually.
生殖权利 美国最高法院2022年推翻“罗诉韦德案”的决定，取消了堕胎的宪法权利，将相关法律法规交由各州自行决定，各州至今仍在应对其后续影响。在今年的选举中，四个州的选民将就生殖法律进行决定。
Reproductive rights States continue to grapple with the aftermath of the U.S. Supreme Court's 2022 decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, which eliminated the constitutional right to an abortion, leaving laws and regulations around it up to individual states. In this year's election, voters in four states will decide on reproductive laws.
弗吉尼亚州、爱达荷州和内华达州将把法律写入宪法，赋予人们自主做出生殖权利决定以及对这些决定享有隐私的权利。
Virginia, Idaho and Nevada would enshrine laws that would give people the right to make their own reproductive rights decisions and privacy over those decisions.
密苏里州选民正在投票废除一项2024年通过的倡议，该倡议将生殖自由确立为宪法权利。
Voters in Missouri are voting to repeal a 2024 initiative that enshrined a constitutional right for reproductive freedom.