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堪萨斯选民会信民主党这个“教”吗?Can Kansas Voters Get Democratic Religion?

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堪萨斯州参议院民主党候选人亚当·汉密尔顿牧师在堪萨斯城威尔逊披萨店外与支持者交谈。在这场出人意料的胶着竞选中,汉密尔顿正在挑战共和党人罗杰·马歇尔,该州自1932年以来未曾选出过一名民主党参议员。奥斯汀·约翰逊/法新社/盖蒂Rev. Adam Hamilton, the Democratic candidate for Senate in Kansas, speaks with supporters outside of Wilson’s Pizza in Kansas City, In an unexpectedly close race, Hamilton is challenging Republican Roger Marshall in a state that has not elected a Democratic senator since 1932.Austin Johnson/AFP/Gett

位于堪萨斯州哈钦森市东第一大道的福克斯剧院,是一座典型的装饰派风格电影宫殿,也是电影黄金时代的标志性建筑。哈钦森是雷诺县的县治,人口约4万,以地下盐矿闻名,位于威奇托西北约39英里(约63公里)处。我于10月8日来到这里,因为民主党联邦参议员候选人亚当·汉密尔顿的竞选团队租用了该场地,举办一场与选民见面会。

The Fox Theater on East 1st Avenue in Hutchinson, Kansas, is a classic Art Deco movie palace, an icon of the golden age of cinema. Hutchinson, the Reno County seat of 40,000, famous for its underground salt mines, is located 39 miles northwest of Wichita. I was there on October 8 because the US Senate campaign of Democrat Adam Hamilton had rented the venue for a meet-and-greet with attendees.

自2013年在华盛顿国家大教堂举行的奥巴马总统第二次就职祈祷仪式上,听完汉密尔顿的布道后与他会面以来,我就一直很钦佩他。他是堪萨斯州利伍德市复活教会的创始牧师,该教会是全美规模最大的联合卫理公会教会,拥有2.4万名成员,分布在堪萨斯城及周边的五个分堂。他既是一位成功牧师的典范,也是一位令人难忘的讲坛演说家。如今,他原本毫无悬念的堪萨斯州联邦参议员竞选,已演变成《库克政治报告》定性为“难以预测胜负”的胶着较量。

I’ve admired Hamilton since meeting him after he delivered the sermon at former President Barack Obama’s second inaugural prayer service inside the Washington National Cathedral in 2013. The founding pastor of the Church of the Resurrection in Leawood, Kansas, the country’s largest United Methodist Church, with 24,000 members gathered on five campuses in and around Kansas City, he was both a model of a successful minister and a memorable pulpit orator. Today, he has turned what should have been a completely uncompetitive race for US Senate in Kansas into a contest that the Cook Political Report has characterized as too close to call.

在可容纳1200人的礼堂内,以老年人为主的约400名观众缓缓入座,或三三两两站成小圈聊天。在等待汉密尔顿到来时,我与达雷尔·波普交谈。他看起来七十五六岁,是我现场看到的唯一一位黑人观众。他说,他是哈钦森马其顿传教浸信会的执事会主席,该教会以非裔美国人为主,也有一些白人和西班牙裔成员。我问他怎么看汉密尔顿。

Inside the 1200-seat auditorium, a mostly older crowd of about 400 people slowly found their seats or stood in small clusters chatting. As we waited for Hamilton’s arrival, I spoke with Darrell Pope, who appeared to be in his mid-70s and was the only Black attendee I had seen in the room. He is the chairman of the deacon board of the Macedonian Missionary Baptist Church in Hutchinson, he said, a majority-African-American congregation, but with some white and Hispanic members as well. What did he think about Hamilton?

作为一名牧师,我很好奇这位从牧师转型的政治家,在这样一位活跃的平信徒眼中会是什么样子。波普说,他觉得汉密尔顿“让人耳目一新”,因为作为牧师,汉密尔顿“把每个人都看作平等的人,而不仅仅是某些特定人群”。

I asked. As a minister myself, I was curious about how this preacher-turned-politician might have been seen by such an active layman. Pope found him “refreshing,” he said, because Hamilton, as a pastor, “looks at everybody as an equal person rather than just certain people.”

教皇和我刚结束谈话,汉密尔顿走进了剧院,沿着中间过道走来,略带羞涩地挥手致意,全场爆发出热烈的掌声,继而化作全体起立鼓掌。资深堪萨斯州民主党活动家贝蒂·泰勒和已退休的克罗格公司董事长戴夫·迪隆——一位在哈钦森长大的共和党人——在讲台上介绍了汉密尔顿。“他愿意跨越党派界限解决问题,”迪隆说,泰勒肯定地点头。

Pope and I had just ended our conversation when Hamilton entered the theater, walking down the center aisle and waving almost shyly, as the room erupted into enthusiastic applause, and then a standing ovation. Longtime Kansas Democratic activist Betty Taylor and retired Kroger Company Chairman Dave Dillon , a Republican who grew up in Hutchinson, introduced Hamilton from the podium. “He is willing to reach across the aisle to solve problems,” Dillon said, to affirmative nods by Taylor.

“两位前共和党州长已背书亚当,他赢得了我们的选票。”他们的跨党派背书不仅凸显了汉密尔顿在让这场深红州的参议院竞选变得具有竞争力方面取得的显著成效,也突显了他过去38年牧灵工作的重点——致力于团结人们,而非强调甚至夸大分歧。

“Two former Republican governors have endorsed Adam, and he has earned our vote.”Their bipartisan endorsement highlighted not only Hamilton’s remarkable success in making a Senate race in deep-red Kansas competitive, but also his pastoral work over the last 38 years, with a focus on bringing people together rather than emphasizing, even exaggerating, their differences.

汉密尔顿走上讲台向人群致辞。他或许已成为一名政治家,但他作为灵魂牧者的身份根深蒂固。尽管如此,堪萨斯州人口以白人和基督徒为主——据皮尤研究中心数据,堪萨斯州70%的人口自认基督徒,其中超过半数自认福音派或主流新教徒——他决心消除在场任何人认为他是某种基督教民族主义者的印象,而这种印象已主导了特朗普政府和共和党。

Hamilton went to the podium to address the crowd. He may have become a politician, but his identity as a shepherd of souls is indelible. Nonetheless, as white and as Christian as much of Kansas is—according to the Pew Research Center , 70 percent of the population in Kansas identifies as Christian, with over half identifying as Evangelical or mainline Protestant—he was determined to disabuse anyone there of the sense that he was any kind of Christian nationalist, which has so dominated the Trump administration and GOP.

“我竞选联邦参议员,不是要让其他人都信奉我对上帝的信仰、对耶稣的理解,或对何为基督徒的看法,”他说,“我竞选联邦参议员,是因为我们国家的事情坏了。”

“I’m not running for the US Senate to make everybody else believe what I believe about God, about who Jesus is, or what it means to be a Christian,” he said. “I’m running for the United States Senate because things are broken in our country.”

“我竞选联邦参议员,不是要让其他人都信奉我对上帝的信仰、对耶稣的理解,或对何为基督徒的看法。我竞选联邦参议员,是因为我们国家的事情坏了。”

“I’m not running for the US Senate to make everybody else believe what I believe about God, about who Jesus is, or what it means to be a Christian. I’m running for the United States Senate because things are broken in our country.”

他在不同宗教阵营之间游刃有余,有时引用《圣经》中的权威指示:“主向你们要求什么?”他问道。“不是‘他建议什么’?你的要求是什么?”而是要行公义。公义就是为无权者争取公平。要行公义,且要爱仁慈,在神面前谦卑行事。”我想在场的其他人是否会认出这段文字出自《弥迦书》,先知在那里明确指出,上帝更看重对他人的美德行为,而非虚伪的宗教仪式。

He deftly navigated between religious camps, alluding to authoritative instruction from the Bible at some points, “What does the Lord require of you?” he asked. “Not, what does he suggest? What is your requirement ? But to do justice. Justice is making sure there’s fairness for powerless people. To do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk with humility before God.”I wondered if others there would have recognized this text from the Book of Micah , where the prophet makes clear that God values virtuous behavior toward others over hypocritical religious ritual.

他解释了自己在1990年如何创办这座巨型教会。主教指派他建立一个会欢迎“有思考能力、但不去教堂的人”的会众。那些对问题和疑惑持批判态度、在不必把脑子锁在门外的地方,或在可以提问并怀有疑惑的地方的批判性思考者。他向听众保证,他的事业本质上是一次政治运动,而非宗教十字军。

He explained how he came to organize his mega church in 1990. His bishop assigned him to start a congregation that would welcome “thinking people who didn’t go to church. Critical thinkers who had questions and doubts at a place where it was okay to not check their brains at the door, or the place where it was okay to ask questions and have doubts.”And he assured his audience that his was fundamentally a political campaign and not a religious crusade.

我那晚在那里有几方面的原因——并不是因为我是堪萨斯人。我是汉密尔顿的支持者,甚至向他的竞选捐款。我欣赏他的讯息和风格,他作为卫理公会牧师的身份也让我产生共鸣。虽然我们分别隶属于两个不同的教派——他在倾向自由的美国联合卫理公会,我在倾向保守的卫理福音教会——但我们共享的不仅是基督教树枝的同一分支。

I was there that night for a few reasons—and not because I’m a Kansan. I am a Hamilton supporter and even donated to his campaign. I have admired his message and style, and his identity as a Methodist minister resonates with me. While we hold our clergy affiliations in two distinct bodies—his in the liberal-leaning United Methodist Church and mine in the conservative-leaning Methodist Evangelical Church—we share more than a common branch of the Christian tree.

我们都是六十多岁的受按立牧师,成年后大部分时间都是共和党人。他当然已转为民主党人,而我则是独立人士,现已投票支持民主党票。 他把大半职业生涯用于建设会众,取得了惊人的成功。我则把大半职业生涯投入宗教右派的活动——这项工作我已持续十余年,并尽力逆转。

We are both ordained ministers in our 60s and were Republicans for most of our adult lives. He, of course, is now a Democrat, and I am an independent who now votes for the Democratic ticket. He spent most of his professional life building up his congregation with astonishing success. I spent much of my professional life as an activist in the religious right —work that I have spent more than a decade doing my best to reverse.

汉密尔顿在俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨市的奥尔·罗伯茨大学获得了文学学士学位,这所大学是我生活了45年的五旬节派和灵恩派福音派世界的中心。对福音派基督徒而言,奥尔·罗伯茨大学是我们能接触到的最接近哈佛或牛津的学府——它既培养名人也培养学者。在我们的基督教亚文化圈子里,这所学校拥有卓越的权威光环。作为一位在保守派和自由派阵营都有一定声望的名人牧师,汉密尔顿的背景似乎让他能够轻松且令人信服地与堪萨斯州的宗教选民建立联系,正如达雷尔·波普所指出的那样。

Hamilton received his B.A. from Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, an institution at the center of the Pentecostal and Charismatic Evangelical universe that I inhabited for 45 years. For Evangelical Christians, Oral Roberts University is as close to a Harvard or an Oxford as we can get—often producing celebrities as well as scholars. In our Christian subculture, the school has the imprimatur of greatness. As something of a celebrity pastor with both conservative and liberal bona fides, Hamilton’s background seems to have prepared him to connect easily and convincingly with religious Kansans, as Darrell Pope suggested. Rev.

民主党参议员候选人、亚当·汉密尔顿牧师在堪萨斯城威尔逊披萨店外与支持者交谈。在一场出人意料的胶着竞选中,汉密尔顿正在挑战共和党人罗杰·马歇尔,而该州自1932年以来从未选出过民主党参议员。奥斯汀·约翰逊/法新社/盖蒂图片社我渴望在投票前的最后几周里,跟随汉密尔顿牧师走上竞选路,见证他试图修复我国破碎现状、击败现任参议员罗杰·马歇尔的历程——马歇尔是一名坚定反堕胎的妇产科医生,对唐纳德·特朗普总统忠诚度极高。

Adam Hamilton, the Democratic candidate for Senate in Kansas, speaks with supporters outside of Wilson’s Pizza in Kansas City, In an unexpectedly close race, Hamilton is challenging Republican Roger Marshall in a state that has not elected a Democratic senator since 1932. Austin Johnson/AFP/Getty I was eager to watch Rev. Hamilton on the campaign trail in the final weeks before voting during his quest to repair what is broken in our country and defeat incumbent Sen. Roger Marshall —a pro-life OB-Gyn who is deeply loyal to President Donald Trump. (He also appears to share a Trump-like inclination for bare-knuckle conflict, by suing more than 700 of his patients, whom he said did not pay their bills. When some did not appear in court, they were arrested.)

(他似乎也有着类似特朗普的赤膊上阵倾向,曾起诉700多名据称未支付账单的患者。当其中一些人未出庭应诉时,他们被逮捕了。)但我重返该州,也是我过去作为右翼活动家的身份与现在作为进步派基督徒的自我之间,一次深刻的个人碰撞。当《琼斯母亲》杂志邀请我撰写关于汉密尔顿的文章时,我重返威奇托,这是自1991年夏天以来的第二次。

那年夏天,作为一名激进的反堕胎活动家,我曾是“营救行动”在该市关闭诊所行动的领导者之一,我们称之为“仁慈之夏”。

But my return to the state was also a deeply personal collision between my past identity as a right-wing activist and my present self as a progressive Christian. When Mother Jones asked me to write about Hamilton, I returned to Wichita for only the second time since the summer of 1991, when, as a militant anti-abortion activist, I was a leader in Operation Rescue’s efforts to shut down the city in what we called, a Summer of Mercy.

第二次造访是在2001年,为庆祝该活动成立十周年,并与诺玛·麦考维——即“罗诉韦德案”中的“简·罗”——共度一段类似灵修退省的时光。当时她也是反堕胎的斗士,但后来像我一样,她也放弃了自己的“支持生命”身份——在她的案例中,她说自己皈依成为反堕胎海报人物,不过是为了赚钱的借口。毋庸置疑,威奇托在我人生中是一个高度敏感之地;当我重访1991年我曾示威、曾被捕、曾真心认为自己在做上帝的工作、反对堕胎并让这座中西部城市近乎整个夏天陷入瘫痪的那些地点时,我意识到,当时交织的种种张力——包括围绕堕胎权利的张力——正折射在美国当下的政治清算之中。

The second visit was in 2001 to celebrate the event’s tenth anniversary and spend time in a kind of spiritual retreat with Norma McCorvey, who was “Jane Roe,” of Roe v. Wade . She, too, was an anti-abortion foe back then, but, like me, would later renounce her pro-life identity—in her case she said her coversion into an anti-abortion poster child was a mere pretense to make money. Needless to say, Wichita was a highly-charged place in my life, and as I revisited the locations where I had demonstrated in 1991, where I had been arrested, where I had truly believed that I was doing God’s work in opposing abortion and shutting down a midwestern city for nearly a whole summer, I realized that so many of the tensions at play back then—including on abortion rights—are reflected in America’s political reckoning today.

1991年,我曾帮助调动数千名活动人士封锁诊所大门和车道。我和同伴们还在许多教会讲坛上发言,敦促会众将对堕胎及其支持者的鄙视不仅带上街头,也带进投票站。我告诉他们,上帝意欲他们亲自竞选公职,以便我们能赢得支持生命的市议会、州议会、未来的国会、白宫,乃至在最高法院推翻“罗诉韦德案”。我们从未敢梦想最终会成功。我也从未想过,那成功会酿成多少悲剧——无论大小、国家层面还是个人层面。

In 1991, I had helped move thousands of activists to blockade clinic doors and driveways. My cohorts and I also spoke in many church pulpits, urging congregants to take their contempt for abortion and its supporters not just into the streets, but also into polling places. I told them God meant for them to run for public office themselves, so we could secure pro-life city councils, state legislatures, future Congresses, White Houses, and even reverse Roe v. Wade at the Supreme Court. We could never have dreamed of our ultimate success. Nor could I ever have imagined what tragedies—big and small, national and personal—that success would have resulted in.

在抵达哈钦森之前,我已在威奇托花费数小时重温这段反堕胎往事,正因这番清算,当汉密尔顿发言时,我感到与他有种特殊的共鸣。我们都从最初原教旨式的基督教入门、年轻时的道德确信中走过了漫长旅程。在此次造访中,我开始思索:毕竟堪萨斯已作为一个稳固的保守州存在了这么久,它是否可能正踏上一条通向类似变化的道路。

Before arriving in Hutchinson, I had spent several hours in Wichita revisiting this anti-abortion past, and because of this reckoning, I felt a special connection with Hamilton as he spoke. We had both journeyed a long way from our initial fundamentalist introductions to Christianity and our youthful moral certitude. During my visit, I began to wonder if after all this time as a solidly conservative state, Kansas may be on a path toward a similar change.

2026年10月8日,我抵达威奇托朴素的德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔国家机场,一切风平浪静,与我记忆中1991年夏天的抵达情景截然不同。那时,我不知会发生什么,因为我们运动的一位知名人物帕特里克·马奥尼牧师刚走出登机廊桥就被捕了。他和我们另外两位同事因不服从联邦法官帕特里克·凯利发布的、禁止他们实施诊所封锁的法庭命令而身陷囹圄。

My arrival at Wichita’s modest Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport on October 8, 2026 was utterly uneventful compared to what I remember from my arrival in the summer of 1991. Back then, I didn’t know what to expect because one of our prominent movement figures, Rev. Patrick Mahoney, had been arrested earlier as he stepped out of the jetway. He and two of our other colleagues were sitting in jail for failing to obey a court order issued by federal judge Patrick Kelly that prohibited them from staging the clinic blockades.

一如既往,我们全都无视了该命令,马奥尼是首批付出代价的人之一。我环视四周,寻找任何看起来像执法人员的人影,随后从航站楼冲向租车柜台,跳上一辆车,疾驰前往市中心的广场酒店——那是“营救行动”在堪萨斯州的行动总部。

True to form, we all defied the order, and Mahoney was one of the first to pay the price. After scanning the area for anyone who looked like law enforcement, I sprinted from the terminal to a rental car counter, jumped into a car, and sped to the downtown Plaza Hotel, Operation Rescue’s headquarters for our Kansas operation.

那些日子里,我因自我重要感而陶醉,坚信我们所做的至少与1960年代民权运动时期那些传奇的午餐柜台静坐抗议一样意义重大。我热情地相信我们的事业,视其为恢复对生命的尊重,清除我们所谓的国家“死亡文化”。我也因我们最大的媒体风云人物兰德尔·特里的关注而感到受宠若惊,他是我以前读圣经学院时的同学,曾告诉我他在威奇托很看重我的存在。

In those days, I was giddy with self-importance, certain that what we were doing was at least as significant as the storied lunch-counter sit-ins during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. I believed passionately in our cause, which I saw as restoring respect for human life, and purging the nation of what we called its “culture of death.”I was also flattered by attention from our biggest media headliner, a former Bible college classmate of mine named Randall Terry, who told me he valued my presence in Wichita.

特里于1986年创立了“营救行动”,1988年我加入他在纽约州水牛城郊区一家诊所门前的首次静坐。此后20年,我成了该组织的某种牧师顾问。

Terry had founded Operation Rescue in 1986, and I joined him for my first sit-in at the doors of a suburban Buffalo, New York clinic in 1988. I would go on to become something of a pastoral adviser to the group for the next 20 years.

尽管我参与那个夏天的示威活动付出了代价,无论是时间还是经济资源上,但它也让我收获颇丰,增强了我对我们所做之事重要性的感受,坦白说,也增强了我对自己在其中所扮演角色的感受。每次我们组织这类封锁行动时,数十名记者——其中一些来自全国最负盛名的媒体机构,包括《纽约时报》、《基督教科学箴言报》、美联社、美国广播公司和哥伦比亚广播公司——都会把麦克风和摄像机对准我,不停地向我连番提问。

Though my involvement in that summer’s demonstrations was costly, both in time and financial resources, it was also rewarding, feeding my own sense of the importance of what we were doing and, frankly, my own role in it. Each time we staged one of these blockade exercises, dozens of reporters, some from the most prestigious media outlets in the country, including the New York Times , the Christian Science Monitor , AP, ABC, and CBS, trained their microphones and cameras on me, relentlessly peppering me with questions.

我到达几天后,也在我们 targeting 的一家诊所外被捕,但只是因为非法闯入,逃过了因藐视凯利联邦法院命令而面临的更严厉惩罚。

A few days after I arrived, I too was arrested outside one of the clinics we had targeted, but only for trespassing, escaping the more draconian penalties for contempt of Kelly’s federal court order.

同一个夏天,亚当·汉密尔顿也在堪萨斯州,但在他家乡堪萨斯城,作为一名27岁、刚被任命为联合卫理公会牧师的人,在一间租来的殡仪馆礼拜堂里为一小群教区居民主持礼拜。他的会众人数的爆炸式增长还要等好几年。

During that same summer, Adam Hamilton was also in Kansas, but in his hometown of Kansas City, as a 27-year-old, newly commissioned United Methodist pastor holding worship services in a rented funeral chapel for a handful of parishioners. The explosive growth of his congregation was still years away.

汉密尔顿生于1964年,在一个基本没有宗教氛围的家庭中长大,14岁时,他第一次在神召会的一个会众中接触到福音派福音。该教派实行说方言。人们认为上帝赐予信徒一种天上的语言,用来祈祷、歌唱和传达神圣信息,以及奇迹般的医治,通常是在一位“受膏”的布道者把手按在他们身上之后。该教会还遵循末世论的组织原则,从被提开始,届时所有真正的基督徒将在大天使的帮助下被带入天堂。

Born in 1964, and raised in a mostly non-religious home, when he was 14 years old, Hamilton first encountered the evangelical gospel in an Assemblies of God congregation. This denomination practices speaking in tongues. It is thought that God gives believers a heavenly language in which to pray, sing, and deliver divine messages, and miraculous healing, often after an “anointed” evangelist lays hands on them. The church also adheres to the organizing principle of End Times, beginning with the Rapture, when all true Christians will be swept into heaven with the help of an archangel.

与此同时,剩下的人口将处于魔鬼的控制之下,直到一场名为哈米吉多顿的最终末日大战,之后耶稣将重返,在地球上建立1000年的和平与和谐统治。

Meanwhile, the remaining population would be under the Devil’s control until a final apocalyptic battle called Armageddon, after which Jesus would return to establish a 1,000-year reign of peace and harmony on earth.

汉密尔顿经常谈起他青少年时期的皈依经历,当时一位敲他家门的人邀请他去教堂,以及他后来如何挑战自己通读整本《圣经》。读完侧重于描写耶稣关怀边缘群体并宽恕钉死他的人的《路加福音》后,汉密尔顿说,他跪在床边,祈求上帝使用他的生命。他很快便变得精神上不安分。在2016年的著作《理解圣经》中,汉密尔顿回顾说,作为年轻皈依者时遇到的复杂问题和道德困境,迫使他寻求一种在智力上诚实的信仰,而不是在教堂门口关掉自己的大脑。

Hamilton speaks often of his teenage conversion experience, after he was invited to church by a man who knocked on his family’s door, and how he later challenged himself to read through the entire Bible. After finishing the Gospel of Luke, which focuses on a Jesus who cared about the marginalized and forgave the people who crucified him, Hamilton says he knelt by his bed and asked God to use his life. He would soon become spiritually restless. In his 2016 book, Making Sense of the Bible , Hamilton reflected on how the complex questions and moral dilemmas he encountered as a young convert forced him to seek an intellectually honest faith rather than check his brain at the church door.

“奥拉尔·罗伯茨太过结构化,太过非黑即白。在我看来,这个世界上有些灰色地带。”

“Oral Roberts was too structured, too black-and-white. It seemed to me there was some gray in the world.”

在俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨的五旬节派奥拉尔·罗伯茨大学获得牧灵事工学士学位后,汉密尔顿决定这种原教旨主义不适合他,他说自己对信仰有太多不受欢迎的问题。正如他2002年对堪萨斯城皮奇新闻网站所说:“奥拉尔·罗伯茨太过结构化,太过非黑即白。在我看来,这个世界上有些灰色地带。”他转而进入南方卫理公会大学的自由派珀金斯神学院,于1988年获得神学硕士学位,随后被卫理公会按立。

After earning a B.A. in Pastoral Ministry from the Pentecostal Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Hamilton decided that this kind of fundamentalism was not for him, saying he had too many questions about his faith that were not welcome in that setting. As he told the Kansas City Pitch news site in 2002, “Oral Roberts was too structured, too black-and-white. It seemed to me there was some gray in the world.”He switched to the liberal Perkins School of Theology at Southern Methodist University, where he earned a Master of Divinity in 1988 and was subsequently ordained by the United Methodists.

汉密尔顿和妻子拉冯高中毕业一年后结婚,在汉密尔顿完成学业并与妻子在堪萨斯城建立大型教会事工的过程中,他们养育了两个女儿。拉冯在大学担任手语翻译37年后,于今年5月退休。他们现在有一个孙辈。

Married a year after their high school graduation, Hamilton and his wife, LaVon, raised two daughters as he completed his education and as they built their megachurch ministry in Kansas City. She spent 37 years as a college sign-language interpreter before retiring in May of this year. They now have one grandchild.

如果我在 1991 年就认识汉密尔顿,我会把他斥为一个唠叨的自由派,认为他对宗教灰色地带的温吞表态,才是导致女性杀害婴儿、美国四分五裂的原因。的确,马歇尔参议员的强硬立场本是我会支持的。如今,在与原教旨主义者正式决裂十年后——此前他们愤世嫉俗却热情地支持唐纳德·特朗普首次竞选总统——我视汉密尔顿为化解我曾助长的社会撕裂的部分解药。

Had I known Hamilton back in 1991, I would have written him off as a driveling liberal whose lukewarm pronouncements about religious gray zones were the reason why women were killing their babies, and America was falling apart. Indeed, Sen. Marshall’s strong position would have been one I would have supported. Now, ten years after my official break with the fundamentalists, following their cynical but enthusiastic support of Donald Trump’s first presidential run, I see Hamilton as part of the solution to the social divisions I helped foster.

身处威奇托,回顾“拯救行动”的“仁慈之夏”,再次迫使我直面我们运动中最显眼的矛盾,这一矛盾延续至今:针对堕胎服务提供者毫无正当理由且不道德的暴力。选择威奇托进行如此大规模行动的主要原因之一,是这里设有由乔治·蒂勒医生经营的“女性医疗服务中心”,他以实施晚期堕胎闻名。我们称他为“杀人魔蒂勒”。我和其他人一起重复那个未经证实的说法,声称他在诊所内设有如奥斯维辛般的焚尸炉,停在街边的汽车经常被其烟囱排出的“人骨灰”覆盖。我们更倾向于称其为“烟囱”。

Being in Wichita and looking back on Operation Rescue’s Summer of Mercy also forced me, once again, to confront the most glaring contradiction in our movement, one that still continues today : unjustifiable and immoral violence against abortion providers. One of the main reasons Wichita was selected for such a large-scale action was that it was home to the Women’s Health Care Services, operated by Dr. George Tiller, who was known for performing late-term abortions. We called him “Tiller the killer.”I joined others in repeating the unsubstantiated claim that he maintained an Auschwitz-like crematorium on his clinic property, and that cars parked on the street outside were regularly covered with “human ash” from its chimney. We preferred to call it a “smokestack.”

尽管我知道蒂勒的财产在 1986 年曾遭遇管道炸弹袭击——那是我们大规模示威前五年的事——幸好未造成他或他人受伤,但我坚信我们的人致力于非暴力。我拒绝承认,我们严厉激进的言辞在多大程度上为“上帝军队”等毫不悔改的暴力反堕胎团体的行径提供了理由,也煽动了我们运动边缘人士的暴力想象,导致他们破坏诊所财产、威胁工作人员、谋杀堕胎服务提供者。

Even though I knew that Tiller’s property had been pipe-bombed in 1986—five years before our mass demonstration—fortunately without injury to him or others, I was sure our people were committed to non-violence. I refused to acknowledge how much our harsh and aggressive rhetoric justified the actions of unapologetically violent anti-abortion groups like the Army of God , and stoked the violent imaginations of some on the fringes of our movement who destroyed clinic property, menaced personnel, and murdered abortion providers.

“我承认堕胎话题存在道德张力,但我不认为政客应该替女性做这些决定。”

“I acknowledge there is a moral tension surrounding the topic of abortion, but I do not believe that politicians should be making these decisions for women.”

我的第一站是位于市场街的美国联邦法院大楼。威奇托市中心一片寂静,几乎看不见行人,我在场期间无人进出大楼。这与我 1991 年的记忆截然不同,当时大楼里挤满了双方律师、监听庭审的支持选择权和支持生命权活动人士、作为被告的我们的领导层,以及大楼外众多记者和媒体卫星转播车。仰望这座独具 1930 年代风格的建筑,我回想起凯利法官当年雷霆大怒,谴责“营救行动”组织在该市的活动,并将小布什总统司法部代表我们进行的辩护斥为“令人作呕”。司法部曾从华盛顿派遣数名律师前来,反对凯利法官禁止我们许多活动的禁令。

My first stop was at the United States Courthouse on Market Street. It was a quiet day in downtown Wichita, with virtually no pedestrians in sight, and no one entered or exited the building while I was there. That was a far cry from what I remember back in 1991, when the place was bustling with lawyers on both sides of our case, pro-choice and pro-life activists monitoring the proceedings, our own leadership, who were defendants, and plenty of reporters and media satellite trucks outside. As I looked up at its distinct 1930s architecture, I recalled the clamor that went on as Judge Kelly thunderously denounced Operation Rescue’s presence in his city and condemned the advocacy of President George H.W. Bush’s Justice Department on our behalf as “disgusting.”Several DOJ lawyers had been sent from Washington to argue against Kelly’s injunction barring many of our activities.

其中一份法律文书由时任副检察长约翰·罗伯茨撰写,他大力捍卫了我们依宪法享有的抗议权利。凯利法官驳回了罗伯茨的论点,但我们清楚,只是时间问题,总会有案件上诉至最高法院,推翻凯利这类在全国范围内的命令。(结果正如所料,1991 年我们的同批律师代理布雷诉亚历山大妇女诊所案;因 8 位大法官僵持不下,案件被推迟到下一任期,等到大法官瑟古德·马歇尔的继任者就位后,我们于 1993 年以 5 比 4 获胜)。

One of the briefs was authored by a young Deputy Solicitor General, John Roberts, who vigorously defended our constitutional rights to protest. Kelly ruled against Roberts, but we knew that it was only a matter of time before a case would reach the Supreme Court and overturn orders like Kelly’s nationwide. (As it turned out, that happened when our same lawyers argued Bray v Alexandria Women’s Clinic in 1991; after a deadlocked 8-member court bumped the case into its next term so that retired Justice Thurgood Marshall’s replacement could be seated, we did indeed win in a 5-4 decision in 1993).

多年后我在最高法院的一次聚会上见到首席大法官罗伯茨,感谢他在威奇托案中为我们出面干预。他勉强一笑,说了句类似“我们就此打住吧”,便转身去和别人交谈了。

I remember meeting Chief Justice Roberts at a Supreme Court gathering many years later, and thanked him for intervening on our behalf in Wichita. With a strained smile, he said something like, “And that’s the last time we’ll discuss that,” and then turned to talk to others.

凯利法庭内外以及蒂勒医生诊所外的街头上演的戏剧,与指导亚当·汉密尔顿从当初至今的理念截然相反。多年来,汉密尔顿在堕胎问题上的立场变得更加微妙。他在2010年的著作《黑白世界中的灰色:关于宗教、道德与政治的思考》中,将自己描述为“沉重心情的支持生命者”。但如今,他的竞选纲领中明确包含一条支持选择权的条款。当他启动竞选,而他的对手是一位坚决反堕胎的妇产科医生时,汉密尔顿说:“我承认堕胎话题周围存在道德张力,但我不认为政客应该替女性做这些决定。”

The drama in Kelly’s courtroom and in the streets outside Dr.Tiller’s clinic was the polar opposite of the philosophy that has guided Adam Hamilton—from his beginnings back then until now. Over the years, Hamilton’s position on abortion has become more nuanced. In his 2010 book, Seeing Gray in a World of Black and White: Thoughts on Religion, Morality, and Politics , Hamilton described himself as “pro-life with a heavy heart.”But today he includes an explicitly pro-choice plank in his campaign platform. When he launched his campaign, and his opponent was emphatically anti-abortion OB-Gyn, Hamilton said, “I acknowledge there is a moral tension surrounding the topic of abortion, but I do not believe that politicians should be making these decisions for women.”The Rev.

亚当·汉密尔顿牧师于2013年1月22日在华盛顿国家大教堂主持了巴拉克·奥巴马总统第二次就职祈祷礼拜的布道,布道题目为“同情、远见与坚韧:摩西的启示”。十三年后,他说:“我竞选美国参议员,是因为我们国家的事物已经破碎。”索尔·洛布/法新社/盖蒂图片社自多布斯裁决以来,堕胎问题在大多数州议员的议程上都占据重要位置,堪萨斯州的法院亦是如此,共和党议员与许多选民之间的紧张关系也日益显现。

Adam Hamilton delivered the sermon at President Barack Obama’s second inaugural prayer service, at the Washington National Cathedral on January 22, 2013. The title of his sermon was “Compassion, Vision, and Perseverence: Lessons from Moses.”Thirteen years later, he has said, “I’m running for the United States Senate because things are broken in our country.”Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty As in most states since the Dobbs decision, abortion has been very much on the agendas of lawmakers, and the courts in Kansas, and the tensions between GOP lawmakers and many of their constituents have come into broad relief.

2013年1月22日,亚当·汉密尔顿牧师在华盛顿国家大教堂为总统巴拉克·奥巴马的第二次就职祈祷仪式布道。他布道的题目是《怜悯、远见与坚持:来自摩西的启示》。十三年后,他说:“我正在竞选fThe Rev. Adam Hamilton delivered the sermon at President Barack Obama’s second inaugural prayer service, at the Washington National Cathedral on January 22, 2013. The title of his sermon was “Compassion, Vision, and Perseverence: Lessons from Moses.” Thirteen years later, he has said, “I’m running f

该州议会长期占据多数的共和党人继续推行越来越多的限制堕胎获取的措施。2026年8月堪萨斯州法院的一项具有里程碑意义的判决,推翻了多年来精心设计的障碍,如强制等待期和强制“药丸逆转”脚本,对我曾经帮助推动的反堕胎机构造成了打击。然而,堕胎的合法权利依然面临围剿。出于与我过去工作相同的狂热,州立法者现在试图改变现有的司法选拔程序,使其有利于反堕胎人士被任命到该州的上诉法院和最高法院。

The longstanding Republican majority in the state legislature continued to enact more and more restrictions on abortion access. A landmark August 2026 state court ruling in Kansas, which struck down years of carefully engineered obstacles like mandatory waiting periods and mandated “pill-reversal” scripts, dealt a blow to the anti-abortion machinery I once helped drive. Yet, the legal right to an abortion remains under siege. Driven by the same zealotry that animated my own past work, state legislators are now attempting to transform the current judicial selection process itself so that it favors anti-abortion appointments to the state’s appellate courts and Supreme Court.

2022年最高法院推翻罗诉韦德案、将堕胎政策权力交还各州一个月后,汉密尔顿在他的教堂召集了一个小组,讨论一项提议的堪萨斯州宪法修正案,该修正案本可推翻该州2019年最高法院的裁决,而该裁决确认了堪萨斯州宪法保护女性个人自主权,包括堕胎获取权。在汉密尔顿的节目中,他的两名成员分享了自己作为该问题两边活动家的经历;一名是堕胎诊所患者的陪同人员,另一名是诊所对面一家反堕胎危机妊娠中心的志愿者。回想1991年,我曾认为在宗教场合发生这样的相遇是荒谬的。

A month after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022 and transferred the power for abortion policy to the states, Hamilton convened a panel at his church. They were charged with discussing a proposed amendment to the Kansas constitution that would have overturned the state’s 2019 Supreme Court ruling, which confirmed the fact that the state’s constitution protects a woman’s right to personal autonomy, including access to abortion. During Hamilton’s program, two of his members shared their experiences as activists on opposite sides of the issue; one as an escort for patients at an abortion clinic, and the other as a volunteer for an anti-abortion crisis pregnancy center across the street from the clinic. I would have considered this to have been a preposterous encounter in a religious context back in 1991.

在那场“关于信仰与堕胎的对话”中,汉密尔顿保持了中立立场,表示他安排该活动纯粹是为了向政治立场多元的会众普及即将到来的公投在医学、法律和立法层面的细微差别,而非劝说任何人该如何投票。在结束语中,他强调堕胎是一个复杂的“灰色”议题,鼓励教会成员理解对立观点,并无论彼此如何投票,都要以爱相待。

During that “Conversation About Faith and Abortion,” Hamilton maintained a neutral stance, saying that he structured the program strictly to educate his politically diverse congregation on the medical, legal, and legislative nuances of the upcoming referendum rather than to persuade anyone how they should vote. In his concluding remarks, he emphasized that abortion is a complex “gray” issue, encouraging church members to understand opposing viewpoints and to treat each other with love regardless of how they voted.

1991年,我会嘲笑这种做法是“温吞水”,并引用《新约·启示录》中的一段经文为我的反应辩护,其中复活的基督警告信徒,如果他们不够热心或对抗性不够强,“我必从我口中把你吐出去。”(启示录 3:16)马歇尔参议员在1991年本会是我心目中的那类立法者。2022年8月,堪萨斯州选民以压倒性优势否决了拟议的第2号宪法修正案,该修正案主张州宪法不保护生殖自由。

In 1991, I would have ridiculed that approach as being “lukewarm,” and justified my response with a New Testament Book of Revelation passage in which the resurrected Christ warns believers that if they are not zealous or oppositional enough, “I will spit you out of my mouth.” (Rev. 3:16) Sen. Marshall would have been my kind of lawmaker back in 1991. In August 2022, Kansas voters overwhelmingly defeated proposed Constitutional Amendment 2 that asserted the state constitution did not protect reproductive freedom.

对此,马歇尔为《今日美国》撰写了一篇评论文章,表达了他对选民决定的不满。他写道:“作为一名在25年职业生涯中接生了5000多个婴儿的妇产科医生,我无法找到语言来表达我和许多人在堪萨斯州选民周二给保护生命神圣性的努力造成巨大打击后所感受到的悲伤。”他还向选民保证,他“一如既往地致力于竭尽全力,利用美国参议员的职权不惜一切代价保护生命。”

In response, Marshall wrote an op-ed for USA Today, expressing his unhappiness at the voters’ decision. “As an OB-GYN who delivered more than 5,000 babies over a 25-year career,” he wrote, “I cannot begin to find words to express the sadness that I and many others are feeling after Kansas voters dealt an enormous blow Tuesday to efforts to protect the sanctity of life.”And he assured voters that he was “as dedicated as ever to doing everything in my power as US senator to protect life at all costs.”

三十多年来,我熟知的这场战斗似乎丝毫未变。而今,它再次在堪萨斯州上演。

In more than thirty years, it seems the battle I’ve known so well has not changed at all. And once again, it is playing out in Kansas.

三十多年来,我熟知的这场战斗似乎丝毫未变。而今,它再次在堪萨斯州上演。

In more than thirty years, it seems the battle I’ve known so well has not changed at all. And once again, it is playing out in Kansas.

法院到信任妇女诊所(Trust Women Clinic)的车程不足十分钟。该诊所是一家生殖保健机构,1991年曾设有乔治·蒂勒(George Tiller)的妇女健康护理服务中心。其现任所有者信任妇女基金会(Trust Women Foundation)于2012年收购了这栋外观平淡、无窗、单层的建筑,该建筑此前已闲置数年。随后,在短暂停业后,该诊所于2024年恢复提供堕胎护理服务。

It was less than a ten-minute drive from the courthouse to the Trust Women Clinic, a reproductive healthcare facility that housed George Tiller’s Women’s Health Care Services in 1991. Its current owner, the Trust Women Foundation, acquired the nondescript, windowless, one-story structure in 2012 dormant for several years. Then, after a brief period, it resumed providing abortion care in 2024.

当我站在东凯洛格大道(East Kellogg Drive)与南布莱克利大道(South Bleckley Drive)的街角时,35年前的场景开始在我脑海中生动重现。我看见自己与几位天主教修女跪在一道看起来与当年的链环式卷闸门相似的门前,当年我们曾在这道门上张贴反堕胎标语,其他抗议者则靠在门上,试图将其固定住,使员工和患者无法进入大门和停车区。

As I stood at the corner of East Kellogg Drive and South Bleckley Drive, scenes from 35 years ago began playing vividly in my mind. I saw myself kneeling with several Catholic nuns in front of what looked like the same chainlink-style rolling gate we festooned with anti-abortion slogans, and that other protesters would sit up against, hoping to immobilize it so the entry doors and parking area would be inaccessible to staff and patients.

随着时间推移,身着防暴装备的警察出现了,一些人骑在马上,向我们逼近,用塑料扎带将我们双手反绑在身后,押上一辆黄色的莱德(Ryder)卡车,再将我们送往附近一所高中的体育馆进行处理。一路上,我们诵念主祷文。

As the day wore on, police officers in riot gear had appeared, some mounted on horses, and bore down on the nuns and me, binding our hands behind our backs with cable ties, and escorting us into the back of a yellow Ryder truck before transporting us to a nearby high school gymnasium for processing. Along the way, we recited the Lord’s Prayer.

但显然,这35年里有些事情已经改变。一道实心的雪松色木质隐私围栏似乎取代了原先的开放式钢制安全围栏。与全国各地的情况一样,一家名为“选择医疗诊所堕胎替代方案”(Choices Medical Clinic Abortion Alternatives)的反堕胎危机妊娠中心,已在信任妇女诊所停车场紧邻的一栋建筑内开设。该诊所网站称自己是一家“基督教非营利机构”,既不进行堕胎也不转介堕胎,也不提供堕胎药。

But clearly, some things have changed in those 35 years. A solid, cedar-colored wood privacy fence seemed to replace what had been an open-rail steel security fence. And as has been the case t hroughout the country, an anti-abortion crisis pregnancy center called Choices Medical Clinic Abortion Alternatives had opened in a building immediately adjacent to the Trust Women’s parking lot. On its website, Choices Medical Clinic states that it is a “Christian non-profit” that “neither performs nor refers for abortions, nor does it administer the abortion pill.”

在1999年《基督教今日》(Christianity Today)的一篇文章中,时任执行主任蒂姆·威斯纳(Tim Wiesner)表示:“我们的目的是拯救婴儿,但我们的目标是拯救灵魂。”

In a 1999 Christianity Today article, their then-executive director, Tim Wiesner, said, “Our purpose is to save babies, but our goal is to save souls.”

这两个设施的并置,正是我35年前所期望的一切。一个完全运作、毫不掩饰其基督教立场、支持生命、反堕胎的使命机构,就设在我们曾认为是全国最臭名昭著的“堕胎诊所”旁边,而这个危机妊娠中心看起来比它隔壁的死对头更漂亮、更具吸引力。还有什么比这更能证明上帝站在我们这边呢?

This juxtaposition of the two facilities represented all I would have hoped for 35 years ago. A fully operational, unapologetically Christian, pro-life, anti-abortion mission next to what we thought of as the most notorious “abortuary” in the country, and the crisis pregnancy center actually looked better and more inviting than its next-door nemesis. What could be better proof that God is on our side?

但现在,我看到Choices医疗诊所正在延续我曾经所属运动中最大的失败之一:不愿面对如此多的人所面临的现实,以及我们未能支持他们的失败。这些危机妊娠中心未能承认,意外或非计划内的怀孕对许多女性来说是一场危机的真实性质和规模,更不用说涉及胎儿异常的悲剧性案例了。

But now, I see the Choices Medical Clinic as perpetuating one of the greatest failures of my former movement: an unwillingness to face the reality that confronts so many people, and our failure to support them. These crisis pregnancy centers fail to acknowledge the true nature and magnitude of the crisis that an unwanted or unintended pregnancy is for many women, not to mention the tragic ones involving fetal abnormalities.

这些团体没有谦卑地倾听、共情并帮助处于真正危机中的女性,而是优先考虑生育,并要么抚养孩子,要么将孩子送养。它们在3月份获得了堪萨斯州议会保守派超级多数派的大力支持,该议会推翻了民主党州长劳拉·凯利对《妊娠中心自主权和表达权法案》的否决,该法案禁止政府机构要求危机妊娠中心提供堕胎信息或实施堕胎手术。曾经过去的,如今又重现。

Instead of humbly listening, empathizing, and helping women in a real crisis, these groups prioritize giving birth and either raising or putting the child up for adoption. They got a big boost from the conservative supermajority in the Kansas state legislature i n March when it overrode Democratic Governor Laura Kelly’s veto of the Pregnancy Center Autonomy and Rights of Expression Act, a bill that prevented government agencies from requiring crisis pregnancy centers to offer information about abortion or perform abortion procedures. Once again, what was past, is present.

离蒂勒医生的旧诊所仅四英里,我在威奇托的最后一站是宗教改革路德会教堂。他生前在这里担任引座员,他的妻子珍妮在唱诗班唱歌。他在这里做礼拜,也在这里被杀害——留下妻子、四个子女、十个孙辈,以及一群依赖他照料的民众。1991年,“救援行动”组织的抗议者曾扰乱那里一次周三晚间的礼拜仪式,而当时还计划在某个周日早晨举行示威活动。

Just four miles from Dr. Tiller’s old clinic, my final stop in Wichita was the Reformation Lutheran Church, where he served as an usher and his wife, Jeanne, sang in the choir. It was where he had worshipped and where he had been murdered —leaving a wife, four children, ten grandchildren, and a community of people who had relied on him for his care. Back in 1991, Operation Rescue protesters had disrupted a Wednesday night service there, and there were demonstrations planned outside on a Sunday morning.

我下车绕着教堂走了一圈,想到2009年乔治·蒂勒就在这个门厅里迎接信徒时被枪杀,而他的妻子正在圣殿内,我感到一阵恶心。52岁的斯科特·罗德走进大楼,此前他显然已在那里跟踪蒂勒一段时间。他举起手枪,在近距离将一颗子弹射入蒂勒的前额。

As I got out of the car and walked around the church, I felt sick knowing that in 2009, George Tiller was shot dead in the foyer as he was greeting worshippers, while his wife was in the sanctuary. 52-year-old Scott Roeder had walked into the building after having apparently stalked Tiller there for some time, and raised a pistol, firing one bullet into Tiller’s forehead at point-blank range.

罗德逃离现场,但几小时后被抓获,最终被判处终身监禁。当时,我与“救援行动”组织的所有领袖一起谴责这起暗杀事件,不用说,我们拒绝承认自己对营造了鼓励这种行为的氛围负有任何责任。为什么我当时没能引导那些受我影响的人,去对寻求和提供堕胎服务的人抱有同理心、好奇心和宽厚之心?我不是第一次祈求上帝宽恕我,因为我总是需要把世界一分为二,仿佛我们所做的一切都是善,而乔治·蒂勒和他那些支持堕胎选择权的民主党人所做的一切都是恶。

Roeder fled but was captured a few hours later and eventually sentenced to life in prison. At the time, I joined with all the Operation Rescue leaders in denouncing the assassination, and, needless to say, we refused to accept any culpability for having created the climate that encouraged such an act. Why did I fail to guide the people under my influence towards empathy, curiosity, and generosity towards those seeking and providing abortion services? Not for the first time did I ask God to forgive me for my need to dichotomize the world, so that what were doing was all good, and what George Tiller and his pro-choice Democrats were doing was all bad.

在《在黑白分明的世界中看见灰色:关于宗教、道德与政治的思考》一书中,汉密尔顿认为,许多基督徒和政客错误地将复杂问题简单地归类为纯粹正义或纯粹邪恶。他断言,虽然基础性的道德暴行——例如种族主义或虐待儿童——是明确的,但绝大多数公共政策和政治问题都无法符合二元划分。相反,它们需要在“灰色地带”中寻找方向。

In Seeing Gray in a World of Black and White: Thoughts on Religion, Morality, and Politics , Hamilton argued that many Christians and politicians mistakenly categorize complex issues as purely righteous or evil. He asserts that while foundational moral atrocities— racism, for instance, or child abuse—are clear-cut, the vast majority of public policy and political issues cannot conform to binary divisions. Rather, they require navigating “shades of gray.”

在2017年于科罗拉多州阿斯彭思想节上与评论员大卫·布鲁克斯的一次对话中,他进一步阐述了这一主题,称作为一名牧师,他必须谨慎行事。“我不是只是戳你的眼睛,”他说。惹恼人们,他继续说道,“不需要任何技巧。”相比之下,“如果你想影响人们,那么你就得想出,针对这件具体的事情,你能做什么或说什么,才能真正让人们说:‘嗯,我以前从没这样想过,也许我需要花更多时间思考一下。’”

In a 2017 conversation with commentator David Brooks at the Aspen Ideas Festival in Colorado, he expanded on this theme, saying that as a pastor, he must be careful. “I’m not just poking you in the eye,” he said. Irritating people, he continued, “takes no skill.”In contrast, “If you want to influence people then you’ve got to figure out what could I do or say about this particular thing that would actually lead people to go, ‘hm, I never thought of it that way before, maybe I need to spend some more time thinking about it.’”

在这方面,汉密尔顿也是个例外。他似乎异常自在,能够在围绕宗教、道德和政策问题的灰色地带中游刃有余。他在布道、采访和写作中都运用这一主题。在参观了蒂勒的教堂后,我更加渴望学习如何将这些概念转化为政治行动。

In this way as well, Hamilton is an exception. He seems unusually comfortable occupying the gray areas surrounding religious, moral, and policy questions. He works with this theme in his preaching, his interviews, and his writing. After visiting Tiller’s church, I was even more anxious to learn how to translate these concepts into political action.

前往哈钦森的50英里车程,展现了标志性的堪萨斯州风光:广阔的田野与漫长低矮的地平线相接,时而被树木成行打断,在这片浩瀚天空下,那些树木看起来更像灌木丛。我经过玉米镇、芒特霍普、伊格尔和海文等中西部小镇的路牌。偶尔会看到汉密尔顿或马歇尔的竞选庭院牌,但大部分时间里,他们的竞选可能对美国带来的地壳性转变,在96号公路上并不明显。

The 50-mile drive to Hutchinson offered a view of the iconic Kansas landscape: wide-open fields against a long, low horizon, interrupted from time to time by rows of trees that look more like shrubs against such a massive sky. I passed road signs for small midwestern towns like Maize, Mount Hope, Eagle, and Haven. Occasionally, I passed a Hamilton or Marshall campaign yard sign, but for the most part, the tectonic shift their contest may portend for the country was not visible along Route 96.

身处人口稠密的北弗吉尼亚,应对着顺畅、拥堵、停停走走的交通,在刚刚重温35年前在威奇托经历的混乱之后,开阔的堪萨斯公路成了一段宁静的插曲。

Living in well-populated Northern Virginia and dealing with the seamless, gridlocked, stop-and-go traffic, the open Kansas road was a peaceful interlude after having just relived the chaos I experienced in Wichita 35 years ago.

“每个人名字后面的字母有多重要,相较于能力、品格和价值观?我既是共和党人也是民主党人,但我总是想看看那个人的品格是什么,能力是什么,价值观是什么?我既投共和党的票,也投民主党的票。”

“How much does the letter behind each person’s name matter, versus competency, character, and values? I have been both Republican and Democrat, but I always look to see what is the character, what is the competency, and what are the values of that person? And I vote for both Republicans and Democrats.”

那天晚上他在福克斯剧院演讲时,我能看出汉密尔顿信念的真诚,这在担任牧师38年的岁月中已炉火纯青。他显得温暖、真诚且非常聪明。他也非常具有堪萨斯州人的特质:内敛、沉稳,而且,是个好人——带着恰到好处的乡土幽默感。他的演讲结束后,我自我介绍,说我正在为《母亲琼斯》杂志写一篇报道,但与其他记者不同,我也是一家较小的卫理公会福音派教派的负责人。我提醒他,我们上次见面是在华盛顿的奥巴马祈祷服务上,免得他以为我是某种支持马歇尔的保守派卧底。

When he spoke at the Fox Theater that night, I could see the sincerity of Hamilton’s beliefs, well-practiced over his 38 years as a pastor. He came off as warm, genuine, and very smart. He also seemed quintessentially Kansan: understated, even-keeled, and, well, a nice guy–with an appropriately folksy sense of humor. After his session was over, I introduced myself, saying that I was writing a story for Mother Jones, but unlike other reporters I was also head of a smaller Methodist evangelical denomination. I reminded him that we were last together in Washington for that Obama prayer service, lest he think I was some kind of conservative Marshall-supporting plant.

我知道他能理解我这个问题的背景,于是问他,对于那些认为自己只能把票投给共和党人的神职人员同行——即便他们并不喜欢某个具体的候选人或其议程——他会给出什么建议。他让我向我的保守派同僚们解释,他是一位“有独立思想的民主党人”,并且他打算“跨越党派分歧合作”。作为回答的一部分,他给我看了一块来自著名的哈钦森盐矿的大块盐晶。“我走到哪里都带着它,”他回答说,“提醒我,这就是我的人生故事。”

Knowing he would understand the context of my question, I asked him what advice he would give to my fellow clergy who thought they were stuck voting only for Republicans, even if they didn’t like the particular candidate or his agenda. He told me to explain to my conservative colleagues that he’s an “independent-minded Democrat,” and that he planned to “work across the aisle.”As part of his answer, he showed me a large crystal of salt from the famous Hutchinson mines. “I carry this everywhere I go,” he replied, “to remind me that this is my defining story.”

对于我们传统之外的人来说,这番话似乎晦涩难懂。但我明白他指的是耶稣的教导——他的追随者要成为“世上的盐”,福音派通常将其理解为基督指的是古代一种防止腐败的防腐剂,以及一种为原本寡淡无味之物增添风味的调味品。换句话说,基督徒被召唤去改善他们周围的世界。

For many people outside of our tradition, this would seem a cryptic remark. But I understood his reference to Jesus’ teaching that his followers are to be the “salt of the earth,” commonly understood by evangelicals as Christ referring to an ancient preservative against decay and a flavor enhancer for things that would otherwise taste flat. In other words, Christians are called to improve the world around them.

汉密尔顿接着解释了他最近转投民主党的经过。“我会说,这个人,你不必在所有事情上都同意他,”他告诉我,“但他在努力追随基督,而且他会在自己的领导方式中做到这一点。”接着他继续说道:“一个人名字后面的那个字母,与能力、品格和价值观相比,究竟有多重要?”他问道。“我既当过共和党人,也当过民主党人,但我总是去看这个人的品格是什么、能力是什么、价值观是什么?我既投共和党人的票,也投民主党人的票。”

Hamilton continued to explain his recent conversion to the Democratic Party. “I would say, this is a guy you don’t have to agree with him on everything,” he told me, “but he’s striving to try to follow Christ, and he’s going to do that in how he leads.”And then he continued, “How much does the letter behind each person’s name matter, versus competency, character, and values?” he asked. “I have been both Republican and Democrat, but I always look to see what is the character, what is the competency, and what are the values of that person? And I vote for both Republicans and Democrats.”

走出剧院时,我走到门口站着的几位观众跟前,询问他们对候选人讲话的看法。令我惊讶的是,看起来三十七八岁的布伦达和利兰·哈纳万告诉我,他们是共和党人,最近刚开始去一家他们所谓的“非宗派福音派教会”。他们喜欢刚才听到的汉密尔顿的讲话吗?“是的,非常喜欢,”布伦达回答,“我喜欢他想听取每个人的想法,不只是他自己党派的,也不只是对立党派的。他不希望党派之间产生分裂,这正是我对这个国家感到厌倦的地方。”

As I left the theater, I approached a few attendees standing outside and asked what they thought of the candidate’s message. Much to my surprise, Brenda and Leland Hanavan, who looked to be in their late 30s, told me they were Republicans and had just started attending what they described as a non-denominational evangelical church. Did they like what they just heard from Hamilton? “Yes, very much,” Brenda replied, “I like that he wants to hear everyone’s thoughts, not just his party, not just the other party. He doesn’t want there to be a division in the parties, and that’s what I’m tired of in this country.”

利兰则赞赏汉密尔顿用的一个体育比喻。他形容那是“两支球队想要置对方于死地,而实际上本应是同一支球队的进攻组和防守组在配合”,利兰说,“可我们现在就是看不到这种情况。”

Leland appreciated a sports analogy that Hamilton had used. He described “two teams trying to kill each other when it’s really supposed to be offense and defense on the same team working together,” Leland said, “and we’re just not seeing that right now.”

另一对夫妇苏珊和萨姆·巴特拉姆,结婚42年,告诉我他们积极参与当地长老会教会的活动。当我问他们汉密尔顿提及自己的信仰和牧职生涯,是否为他的内涵和信息增色时,苏珊告诉我:“他显然有倾听和回应的经验。而且他很深思熟虑,我认为他的信仰塑造了这一点。总之,他是个正派的人。”萨姆补充道:“他相信以人应得的方式对待人。所以,是的,我认为这说明了很多关于他是谁、以及他将如何在国会履职的问题,你知道的。”

Another couple, Susan and Sam Buttram, married for 42 years, told me they were actively involved in their local Presbyterian church. When I asked if they thought Hamilton’s references to his faith and ministry career added anything to his substance and message, Susan told me, “He clearly has experience listening and responding. And he’s very thoughtful, and I think his faith has made him such. And it’s just, I mean, he’s a decent human being.”Sam added, “He believes in treating people the way they ought to be treated. So, yeah, I think it informs a lot about who he is and how he will act, you know, in Congress.”

我想起了我那些较为沉默的福音派弟兄姐妹,他们知道“让美国再次伟大”品牌的基督教正在腐蚀信仰和政治。我圈子里的年轻福音派正在摒弃长辈那些往往卑鄙的言行,寻找一种更和善、更调和、更包容的灵性形式。

I thought of my quieter evangelical siblings who know the MAGA brand of Christianity is corrupting both faith and politics. Younger evangelicals in my circles are rejecting the often vile words and actions of their elders and are looking for a more congenial, conciliatory, and accepting form of spirituality.

1976年我刚满18岁时,我第一次投票选总统,投给了一位福音派同道吉米·卡特,因为在我看来,他最像耶稣——富有同情心、关怀他人、温和而尊重人。后来,我在宗教上和比喻意义上都来了个急转弯,跳上了罗纳德·里根和杰里·法威尔的共和党大篷车,此后直到2020年投票给乔·拜登之前,我再没有把票投给任何职位的民主党人——即便他在堪萨斯州输了15个百分点。

After I had just turned 18 in 1976, my first vote for president was for a fellow evangelical, Jimmy Carter, because he was, to me, most like Jesus. Compassionate and caring, gentle and respectful.e. After I took a sharp right-hand turn religiously and figuratively, and jumped aboard Ronald Reagan and Jerry Falwell’s Republican bandwagon, I wouldn’t vote for another Democrat for any office until I voted for Joe Biden in 2020–even as he lost by 15 points in Kansas.

显然,信仰并不属于某一个政党。人可以在人生的 later 阶段发生改变,即便是分歧最深的宗教与政治战场,也能随当下时势而演变。

Clearly, faith does not belong to a single political party. People can change later in life, and even the most deeply divided religious and political battlegrounds can evolve to meet the current moment.

琳内特·克里格-祖克也是一位以民主党人身份竞选州议员席位的候选人,她是我那天晚上最后交谈的人。她在丹佛作为福音派贵格会教徒长大,但早已去掉了“福音派”这个形容词,甚至连“基督徒”也不再自称,“因为那些苛刻的标签,以及由此带来的律法主义。”如今,她仍只自称贵格会教徒,并参加一个进步的门诺会教堂,但她似乎不像其他人那样对汉密尔顿的品格那么确信。

Lynnette Krieger-Zook, who is also a candidate running as a Democrat for a seat in the statehouse, was the last person I spoke with that evening. She was raised an evangelical Quaker in Denver, but had long since dropped the adjective evangelical, and even Christian, “because of the harsh labels, and the legalism that brings about.”Today, while she still identifies simply as a Quaker and attends a progressive Mennonite church, she didn’t seem quite as convinced of Hamilton’s character as the others.

“理解我身处堪萨斯腹地这一点,我当然理解他的信息,”她告诉我。“证据将在问责中显现。当他说‘我来这里是为了代表所有人’时——竞选公职时,你会说很多话。问题是,你会不会坚持到底?”

“Understanding where I live in the heart of Kansas, I certainly understand his message,” she told me. “The proof will be in accountability. When he says, ‘I’m here to represent everyone.’ When you’re running for office, you say a lot of things. The question is, will you follow through?”

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