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你为特朗普的关税和伊朗战争付出了多少代价Here’s How Much You’re Paying for Trump’s Tariffs and Iran War

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美国总统唐纳德·特朗普10月16日在佐治亚州道尔顿举行的中期选举竞选集会上。President Donald Trump at a midterm campaign rally on Oct. 16 in Dalton, Georgia.

总统的政策导致商品和能源价格飞涨,每年多花数千美元。文/韦斯·科索瓦 美国中期选举前的最后几天,唐纳德·特朗普在全国各地奔波,试图完成一项政治上的不可能任务:说服那些对汽油、杂货和其他一切商品高价深感不满的共和党选民,他们对经济的看法是错误的。在特朗普的描述中,美国人从未如此幸福或生活如此优越,任何说他的政策让生活更艰难的人都在撒谎。

Goods and energy cost thousands more as a result of the president’s policies. By Wes Kosova Donald Trump has been racing across the country in the final days before the US midterm elections trying to do the politically impossible: convince Republican voters who are fed up with the high price of gas, groceries and everything else that they’re wrong about the economy. In his telling, Americans have never been happier or better off, and anyone who says his policies are making their lives harder is lying to them.

在一次又一次的演讲中,他称对价格承受能力的抱怨是“假的”。即使是部分特朗普的支持者也不买账。数十名在特朗普两年前轻松赢得的保守州参选的共和党国会候选人,现在正努力抵挡强劲的民主党挑战者,而民主党被普遍看好将赢得众议院控制权,并可能赢得参议院控制权。共和党官员担心一些特朗普选民会转换阵营——但他们更担心,许多MAGA铁杆支持者会因不满而干脆不投票。

In speech after speech, he says complaints about affordability are “fake.”Even some of the president’s supporters aren’t buying it. Dozens of Republican congressional candidates running in conservative states that Trump easily carried two years ago are now fighting to fend off strong Democratic challengers, and Democrats are widely favored to win control of the House of Representatives and possibly the Senate. Republican Party officials worry that some Trump voters will switch sides — but they’re more fearful that many MAGA diehards will their unhappiness by not voting at all.

如果发生这种情况,对经济的不满将是主要原因。特朗普经常声称,他的经济政策使美国成为地球上“最热”的国家。然而,对数百万美国家庭来说,数字讲述着不同的故事。

If that happens, discontent over the economy will be a main reason. Trump frequently claims his economic policies have made America the “hottest” country on Earth. For millions of US households, though, the numbers tell a different story.

自去年特朗普以降低生活成本和增加就业增长为承诺重返白宫以来,消费者价格总体上涨了约6%。汽油价格上涨了约39%,很大程度上是由特朗普不受欢迎的对伊朗战争所推动。2025年实际工资略有增长,但今年有所下降。消费者情绪明显低于特朗普就职前的水平。尽管总统承诺将工厂带回美国,但如今美国的制造业岗位比他重新执政时更少。

Since he returned to the White House last year on a promise to lower the cost of living and increase job growth, consumer prices have risen about 6% overall. Gasoline is up about 39%, largely driven by Trump’s unpopular war against Iran. Inflation-adjusted wages grew slightly in 2025 but have fallen this year. Consumer sentiment is sharply lower than it was before Trump’s inauguration. And despite the president’s vow to bring factories home, there are fewer manufacturing jobs in the US today than when he retook office.

在华盛顿有一句老话:总统往往会得到本不该得的赞誉,也会背负本不该背的责备。但在特朗普的案例中,选民可以从他的某些政策直接连线到他们感受到的经济痛苦。他声称关税将开启美国的新黄金时代,结果主要只是让东西变得更贵。耶鲁大学预算实验室8月测算,特朗普目前对外国商品征收的关税,让每个美国家庭每年多付约1100美元。

It’s a truism in Washington that presidents get credit even when they don’t deserve it and blame even when it’s not their fault. In Trump’s case, voters can draw a straight line from some of his policies to the economic pain they feel. He said his tariffs would usher in a new golden age in America. Mostly they’ve just made things more expensive. The Budget Lab at Yale University calculated in August that Trump’s current tariffs on foreign goods cost each US household about $1,100 a year.

旅客,如洛杉矶国际机场的旅客,因高昂的能源价格而支付更多费用。Travelers, like those at Los Angeles International Airport, are paying more because of high energy prices.

这些进口税还推高了美国本土产品的价格。纽约联储9月报告指出:“美国生产商‘因为面临来自高价进口商品的竞争减少而提高加价幅度’,因此关税对消费者价格的影响比单纯的直接效应更大、更持久。”特朗普对伊朗的对抗甚至更深地掏空了美国人的腰包。布朗大学能源追踪器测算,因冲突导致汽油和柴油价格虚高,迄今已让每个美国家庭多付超过1120美元。

Those import taxes have also led to higher prices on American-made products. US producers “raise their markups because they face less competition from higher-priced imports,” the Federal Reserve Bank of New York reported in September. “As a result, tariffs have a larger and more drawn-out impact on consumer prices than the direct effect alone would suggest.”Trump’s war against Iran is reaching even deeper into Americans’ pockets. A Brown University energy tracker calculates that inflated gasoline and diesel prices resulting from the conflict have so far cost each US household more than $1,120.

再加上战争本身的价格标签。国防部估计,自2月冲突爆发以来,成本至少已达471亿美元。

Add to that the price tag of the war itself. The Defense Department estimates that the conflict has cost at least $47.1 billion since it began in February.

这些账单还将继续堆积。国会预算办公室9月估计,战争的持续成本为每月20亿至30亿美元。达拉斯联储在9月经济评估中强调了中东冲突的成本,称其“继续影响燃料、石化产品、化肥和运输价格,所有这些价格与危机前相比依然居高不下”。除此之外,纳税人最终还将为补充美军耗尽的武器库存所需的数十亿美元买单。

These bills will keep piling up. In September the Congressional Budget Office estimated the ongoing cost of the war at $2 billion to $3 billion a month. The Dallas Fed in its September economic assessment highlighted the costs of Middle East conflict, saying it “continues to impact fuel, petrochemical products, fertilizer and transport prices, all of which are elevated compared to before the crisis.”On top of that, taxpayers will ultimately foot the bill for the billions of dollars needed to replenish the US military’s depleted weapons stockpiles.

周二,特朗普在得克萨斯州科珀斯克里斯蒂港举行竞选集会,身后是一艘他称装载50万加仑委内瑞拉石油的油轮。Trump during a campaign rally on Tuesday at the Port of Corpus Christi in Texas, in front of an oil tanker he said carries 500,000 gallons of Venezuelan oil.

如今,在特朗普和国会共和党人阻止民主党延长奥巴马医改补贴的努力后,数百万美国家庭还面临需要为医疗保险多支付数百或数千美元的问题。该补贴已于今年年初到期。农民是特朗普最坚定的支持者之一,他们正为美国对中国大豆和其他农产品加征关税后中方采取的报复性关税付出代价。

Millions of US households also now face paying hundreds or thousands of dollars more for health insurance after Trump and Republicans in Congress blocked Democrats’ efforts to extend Obamacare subsidies that expired at the start of the year. Farmers, who are among Trump’s strongest supporters, are paying the price of retaliatory Chinese tariffs on soybeans and other agricultural products.

在近期的演讲中,总统否认他的关税推高了生活成本。“他们说,‘哦,关税,关税,’”特朗普周一在密西西比州科林斯说。“关税不会导致通胀。你知道它们会导致什么吗?成功。它们会带来增长。它们会带来就业。”特朗普曾将高昂的汽油和柴油价格称为“短期痛苦换取长期收益”,并表示一旦与伊朗的战争结束,油价就会“大幅下跌”。

In his recent speeches the president has disputed that his tariffs have raised the cost of living. “They go, ‘Oh, tariffs, tariffs,’” Trump said on Monday in Corinth, Mississippi. “They don’t cause inflation. You know what they cause? Success. They cause growth. They cause jobs.”Trump has called high gas and diesel prices “short-term pain for long-term gain” and says they will come “plummeting down” once the war with Iran is over.

政府官员以强劲的消费支出和上涨的股市为证,称经济稳健,特朗普的政策正在发挥作用。“每户家庭的消费量可能增加了大约5000美元,”特朗普的首席经济顾问凯文·哈塞特本周对福克斯商业频道表示。“因为收入繁荣、资本支出繁荣,以及人们没有失业。所有让经济变得伟大的因素都意味着,‘负担能力危机’——那是个神话!”然而,零售支出的增长不成比例地由高收入美国人推动,他们对高物价和成本上升的感受不像中低收入者那样强烈。

Administration officials point to strong consumer spending and a rising stock market as signs that the economy is robust and that Trump’s policies are working. “The amount of consumption per household has gone up maybe around $5,000 per household,” Kevin Hassett, Trump’s top economic adviser, told Fox Business this week. “Because of the income boom, the capital-spending boom, the fact that people aren’t losing their jobs. All the things that have made the economy great means that ‘affordability crisis’ — it’s a myth!”Yet retail spending growth has disproportionately been driven by upper-income Americans, who haven’t felt the pinch of high prices and rising costs as acutely as middle- and low-income earners have.

加利福尼亚州长滩一家超市的农产品。农民的成本受到报复性关税的影响。Produce at a supermarket in Long Beach, California. Farmers’ costs are affected by retaliatory tariffs.

选民将生活成本列为选举年的首要关切之一。他们大多将所谓的“K型经济”——富人愈富、其他人愈受挤压——持续存在的责任归咎于特朗普及其政党。9月进行的一项/《纽约时报》与锡耶纳学院联合民调显示,受访美国人表示,他们现在更信任民主党而非共和党能更好地处理经济问题,差距悬殊,为51%对45%。这与不久前的过去形成反转,当时更多人认为共和党是经济稳定与增长的政党。

Voters rank the cost of living as a top election-year concern. They largely put the blame for the persistence of the so-called K-shaped economy — in which the rich get richer and everyone else gets squeezed — on Trump and his party. Americans who responded to a /Siena poll conducted in September said they now trust Democrats more than Republicans to do a better job handling the economy, by a wide margin, 51% to 45%. That’s a reversal from the recent past, when more people saw Republicans as the party of economic stability and growth.

就连特朗普似乎也意识到了这个问题。在那些对选民关于其政策成本的担忧不屑一顾的演讲中,他又抛出免费发钱以作补偿的承诺。“我将给美利坚合众国的所有成年公民每人5000美元,”特朗普10月19日在堪萨斯州帕克城的一次集会上说。总统数月来一直在承诺这项所谓的“特朗普红利”,但其中有一个重要的附加条件:他表示,只有在共和党于下周的选举中保住众议院和参议院控制权的情况下,他才会兑现。

Even Trump appears to recognize the problem. In the same speeches where he dismisses voters’ concerns about the costs of his policies, he dangles the promise of free money to compensate for them. “I am going to give all adult citizens in the United States of America $5,000,” Trump said at an Oct. 19 rally in Park City, Kansas. The president has been promising this so-called Trump dividend for months, but there’s a big asterisk attached: He says he’ll pay up only if Republicans keep control of the House and Senate in next week’s vote.

这张不大可能兑现、附带条件的欠条并非特朗普承诺的唯一选前发放款项。在帕克城集会上,他宣布设立一项80亿美元的联邦救助基金,以帮助背负高昂柴油成本的农民。政府尚未就这两笔款项如何运作或资金从何而来提供多少细节。特朗普承认,仅5000美元支票一项就将耗资超过1万亿美元。“区区小钱,”他称之为。周二,选民将决定这是否是他们愿意付出的代价。

This improbable, conditional IOU isn’t the only preelection payout Trump has promised. At the Park City rally he announced an $8 billion federal relief fund to help farmers burdened with high diesel costs. The administration hasn’t offered many details about how either of these payments would work or where the money would come from. Trump concedes that the $5,000 checks alone would cost upwards of $1 trillion. “A pittance,” he calls it. On Tuesday voters will decide if it’s one they’re willing to pay.

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