总统唐纳德·特朗普在8月份斥责大型石油公司，称埃克森美孚和雪佛龙在“基于短缺赚取过多金钱”，当时在美以与伊朗战争之后，利润随之飙升。
President Donald Trump scolded Big Oil in August saying ExxonMobil Chevron were making "too much money based on a shortage," as profits surged in the wake of the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran.
本周公布的企业财报详细列出了在全球冲突背景下，石油巨头继续从紧俏的燃料供应和高企的炼油利润中获得的意外之财。
Corporate results published this week laid out the windfall oil majors are continuing to get from tight fuel supplies and elevated refining margins amid global conflict.
壳牌、道达尔能源和埃克森美孚报告称，其精炼产品业务的利润率大幅上升，这是衡量他们将原油加工成汽油、柴油和航空煤油所获收益的一个指标。
Shell TotalEnergies and Exxon reported sharply higher margins in their refined-products businesses a gauge of the amount they earn from processing crude oil into gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.
雪佛龙没有报告可比的独立炼油利润率数据，但该公司周五报告称，其下游收益比去年同期翻了两番多，达到49亿美元，该公司将其归因于精炼产品销售利润率的提高。
Chevron does not report a comparable, standalone refining-margin figure, but it reported Friday that its downstream earnings more than quadrupled from a year earlier to $4.9 billion, with the company citing higher margins on refined-product sales.
正值精炼燃料供应紧张以及全球炼油厂产出面临压力之际，尽管石油公司本周报告称其设施正接近满负荷运转以试图满足需求。
That's amid tight supplies of refined fuels and pressure on refinery output globally, despite oil firms reporting this week that they are running their facilities near capacity to try to meet demand.
供应为何紧张 关键问题包括乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂持续的无人机袭击，以及与伊朗战争和胡塞武装对沙特阿拉伯袭击相关的中东能源基础设施和供应链中断。这些因素加剧了欧洲和北美的炼油厂关闭潮，尽管其他地方增加了新的炼油产能。
Why supply is tight Key issues include ongoing Ukrainian drone strikes on Russian refineries and disruptions to Middle East energy infrastructure and supply chains linked to the Iran war Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia Those factors have compounded refinery closures in Europe and North America even as new refining capacity has been added elsewhere.
欧洲能源和住房委员丹·约根森本周表示，过去二十年来，欧盟约四分之一的炼油厂已经关闭，同时他警告存在能源安全“危机”。
Around a quarter of refineries in the European Union have shut over the past two decades, European Commissioner for Energy and Housing Dan Jørgensen said this week, as he warned of a "crisis" of energy security.
除了飙升的精炼产品利润率外，较高的原油价格也支撑了一些一体化石油巨头的收益，这些巨头同时经营上游油气业务和下游炼油业务。
Along with soaring refined product margins, higher crude oil prices have also supported earnings at some integrated oil majors, which operate both upstream oil-and-gas businesses and downstream refining operations.
在俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰之后，其利润已回升至2022年能源危机期间曾见的水平。利润的飙升与面临更高能源价格的消费者形成了鲜明对比。
Their profits have climbed back toward levels last seen during the energy shock of 2022, following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The earnings spikes are in sharp contrast to consumers facing higher energy prices.
一些分析师表示，应对价格的政治努力——释放紧急柴油库存以及美国与俄罗斯达成向全球市场供应更多柴油的协议——可能只有有限的影响，除非它们实质性增加可用供应、需求减弱或全球紧张局势缓和。
Some analysts say political efforts to tackle prices —release of emergency diesel stockpiles and a U.S. deal with Russia to supply more diesel to the global market— may have only a limited impact unless they materially increase available supply, demand weakens or global tensions ease.
能源咨询公司伍德麦肯兹的企业战略与分析总监拉斐尔·波特拉对CNBC表示，在战争期间，原油桶仍在“运出海湾”，但“带有高额运费溢价”，而“这些原油本应变成的柴油和航空煤油却大体上没有”。他补充说：“俄罗斯炼油厂的中断和出口禁令给全球供应池带来了第二次打击。”
Raphael Portela, director for corporate strategy and analytics at energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie, told CNBC that crude oil barrels were still "getting out of the Gulf" amid the war, but "at a steep freight premium," while "the diesel and jet fuel those barrels would have become largely aren't." "Russia's refinery outages and export ban have taken a second slug out of the global pool," he added.
他列出了危机结束必须发生的事情：“基于全球炼油行业原油供应的增加，产品供应恢复：海湾地区炼油厂重新开工以及俄罗斯出口恢复。
He listed what would have to happen for the crunch to end: "Product supply coming back, based on greater crude availability to the global refining sector: Gulf refineries restarting and Russian exports returning.
“霍尔木兹海峡协议会因市场情绪迅速拉低利润率，但由于库存如此枯竭，实体紧缺状态将一直持续到2027年。”随着炼油利润率飙升至历史新高，壳牌季度利润同比几乎翻倍由于对伊朗和乌克兰战争的反应导致炼油利润飙升，雪佛龙和埃克森美孚创下历史新高据报道美国告诉海湾国家为期中选举后的伊朗打击做准备，油价随之上涨乌克兰对俄罗斯的无人机袭击如何重创了世界第二大柴油供应商
"A Hormuz settlement would hit margins quickly on sentiment, but with inventories this depleted, the physical tightness carries well into 2027." Shell nearly doubles quarterly profit year-on-year as refining margins soar to record high Chevron and Exxon hit all-time highs as refining profits soar in reaction to Iran and Ukraine wars Oil prices rise as U.S. reportedly tells Gulf countries to prepare for Iran strikes after midterm elections How Ukraine's drone strikes on Russia crippled the world's second-largest diesel supplier