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“小规模史诗之怒”的危险幻觉The dangerous illusion of ‘a little Epic Fury’

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2026年10月21日星期三,华盛顿,总统唐纳德·特朗普在白宫东厅举行的圆桌会议上讲话时看向国防部长皮特·赫格塞思。(美联社照片/亚历克斯·布兰登)President Donald Trump looks to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as he speaks at a roundtable event in the East Room of the White House, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2026, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

随着特朗普总统考虑在未来几天和几周内,在被称为“小规模史诗之怒”行动下重返与伊朗的实战状态,必须考虑到战争中一个不变的事实:敌人也有发言权。

As President Trump contemplates a return to kinetic warfare with Iran in the coming days and weeks under what has been dubbed “a little Epic Fury,” it is important to take into account one immutable fact about warfare: The enemy gets a vote.

特朗普应当信任他磨练已久的商业直觉,而非那些许诺速胜却把他拖入这场战争的顾问。他应当回想,在六月,他对首轮“史诗之怒”行动做出了正确评估:那使他陷入军事僵局,并对经济造成如此负面的影响,以致他几乎沦为另一个胡佛,在美国引发一场经济大萧条。

Trump should trust his well-honed business instincts, not the advisors who got him into this war by promising a quick victory. He should recall that, in June, he correctly assessed the first round of Epic Fury: It left him in a military stalemate and had such a negative effect on the economy that he was close to becoming Herbert Hoover and triggering an economic depression in the U.S.

鉴于战争的经济效应,特朗普签署了一份谅解备忘录,以停止战斗并恢复石油流动。这是正确的决定。当时最关键的问题,也是现在依然最关键的问题,是重新开放霍尔木兹海峡。

Because of the economic effects of the war, Trump entered into a memorandum of understanding to stop the fighting and get oil flowing again. This was the right call. The most critical issue was then, and remains now, reopening the Strait of Hormuz.

在最初阶段的这场冲突——最初的“史诗之怒”行动中,美国消耗了数千枚弹药打击伊朗军事设施,并通过打击关键两用基础设施,给伊朗经济造成了巨大破坏。据一些估计,仅轰炸造成的损失就超过1000亿美元。然而,尽管造成了巨大破坏,尽管对伊朗领导层实施了斩首打击,并实施了持续100多天的封锁,伊朗依然屹立不倒。

Throughout the initial phase of this conflict, the original Epic Fury, the U.S. expended thousands of munitions against Iranian military sites and inflicted enormous damage on the Iranian economy by striking critical dual-use infrastructure. By some estimates, the bombing damage alone exceeded $100 billion. And yet, despite enormous destruction, decapitation strikes against Iranian leadership and the imposition of a blockade that has lasted more than 100 days, Iran is still standing.

尽管伊朗的经济形势严峻,但几乎没有证据表明,轰炸发电站以及额外的经济和民用基础设施,会带来八个月的破坏未能带来的财政压力、分裂和无政府状态。

Although the economic situation in Iran is dire, there is very little evidence to suggest that bombing power stations and additional economic and civilian infrastructure will bring about the financial stress, fragmentation and anarchy that eight months of destruction could not.

自战争爆发以来,伊朗货币兑美元汇率从172万里亚尔贬值至270万里亚尔,贬值幅度达36.3%。然而,几乎没有迹象表明伊朗民众即将大规模走上街头推翻政权。

Since the war began, Iran’s currency has cratered from 1.72 million to 2.7 million to the dollar, representing a 36.3 percent decline in its value. Yet there is little to suggest that Iranian citizens are days away from taking to the streets en masse to overthrow the regime.

相比之下,美国民众绝大多数反对伊朗战争,皮尤研究中心发现,65%的美国人不赞成特朗普对这场冲突的处理方式。能源价格迅速上涨已显著影响普通美国民众。随着石油交易价格达到每桶113美元,柴油价格超过每加仑6.00美元,汽油价格接近每加仑4.20美元,经济形势依然严峻。

In contrast, the American population is overwhelmingly opposed to the Iran War, with Pew Research finding that 65 percent of Americans disapprove of Trump’s handling of the conflict. Rapidly rising energy prices have significantly affected ordinary Americans. With oil trading at $113 per barrel, diesel above $6.00 per gallon and gasoline close to $4.20 per gallon, the economic situation remains serious.

要让美国摆脱这场战争,特朗普需要专注于重新开放霍尔木兹海峡,并摒弃那些主张继续采取同样失败战术、导致美国陷入当前困境的声音。再次发动轰炸行动可能在国内引发重大经济危机,特别是如果伊朗以打击更多海湾能源基础设施作为回应。恢复军事行动还可能在没有明确军事目标的情况下,白白让更多美军士兵丧生。

To get us out of this war, Trump needs to focus on reopening the Strait of Hormuz and tune out voices advocating for more of the same failed tactics that got us into this situation in the first place. Another bombing campaign risks triggering a major economic crisis at home, particularly if Iran responds by targeting additional Gulf energy infrastructure. A return to military operations also risks needlessly getting more American troops killed without a discernible military objective.

尽管大规模轰炸行动摧毁了伊朗大部分海军、空军和原有领导层,但针对试图通过阿曼航线通行船只的袭击在10月达到历史新高。据报道,伊朗本月还进行了数十次导弹试射,仅10月11日一天就有30多次,为可能重燃全面战争做准备。

Despite an enormous bombing campaign that destroyed much of Iran’s Navy, Air Force and original leadership, strikes against vessels attempting to transit the Omani Route reached an all-time high in October. Iran has also reportedly conducted dozens of missile tests this month, including more than 30 reported on Oct. 11, alone, in preparation for a potential resumption of all-out war.

目前没有任何迹象表明伊朗缺乏报复进一步美军轰炸的能力,其报复方式可能毁灭全球经济,特别是在经历八个月战争后,全球能源储备已被耗尽。

Nothing currently indicates that Iran lacks the capability to retaliate against further U.S. bombing in ways that could devastate the global economy, particularly after global energy reserves have been depleted throughout eight months of war.

伊朗已证明,不能仅靠轰炸就将其逼迫屈服,而且在不作出重大让步的情况下,其领导人不太可能给特朗普一个外交途径来结束战争。随着这场冲突对伊朗政权而言已关乎生存,且多次尝试达成谈判解决均告失败,德黑兰主张克制的人物正被边缘化,取而代之的是那些认为只有对全球经济造成灾难性破坏才能终结战争的人。

Iran has proven that it cannot simply be bombed into submission and that its leaders are unlikely to give Trump a diplomatic end to the war without major concessions. As this conflict has become existential for the Iranian regime, and repeated efforts to reach a negotiated settlement have failed, more restraint-oriented figures in Tehran are being sidelined by those who believe that only catastrophic damage to the global economy can bring about an end to the war.

鉴于伊朗已展现出不仅能打击霍尔木兹海峡的目标,还能打击阿曼湾和阿拉伯湾目标的能力,加上全球能源市场日益脆弱,“小规模‘史诗狂怒’”的前提很可能招致伊朗的报复,从而导致特朗普试图避免的那种赫伯特·胡佛式的经济崩溃。

Given Iran’s demonstrated ability to strike targets not just in Hormuz, but also in the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Gulf, alongside an increasingly fragile global energy market, the premise of a “little Epic Fury” risks producing an Iranian retaliation that delivers precisely the Herbert Hoover economy Trump sought to avoid.

重返谅解备忘录,或者干脆宣布胜利并撤离,是特朗普可选的最理性的两个方案。重返谅解备忘录将符合伊朗领导层一再提出的要求,并使特朗普已接受的一项协议重新生效。

Returning to the memorandum of understanding or simply declaring victory and walking away are two of the most rational options available to Trump. Returning to the memorandum of understanding would align with the Iranian leadership’s repeated demands and revive an agreement Trump has already accepted.

但如果他认为这步棋走得太远,他可以转而宣布胜利,解除封锁,并从该地区撤出美军,从而大幅削弱伊朗威胁霍尔木兹海峡航运的理由。这将为外交进展创造机会,同时让双方暂时都能宣称胜利。

But if he deems this a bridge too far, he can instead declare victory, lift the blockade and withdraw American forces from the region, thereby substantially reducing Iran’s rationale for threatening shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. This would create opportunities for diplomatic progress while allowing both sides to claim victory in the meantime.

想给伊朗再施加一次压力的诱惑是可以理解的。美国造成的破坏巨大。但特朗普不能假定他能控制这场战争下一个动能阶段的持续时间。

The appeal of giving Iran just one more push is understandable. The damage inflicted by the U.S. has been immense. But Trump cannot assume that he can dictate the duration of another kinetic phase of this war.

乔·肯特曾任美国国家反恐中心主任。布雷特·埃里克森是黑曜石风险顾问公司的管理合伙人。

Joe Kent is a former director of the United States National Counterterrorism Center. Brett Erickson is managing principal of Obsidian Risk Advisors.

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