
乔什·阿克塞尔罗德(Josh Axelrod)2026年11月2日在许多民主党人的竞选宣传中,“气候变化”几乎已经消失,取而代之的是电价。如果该党赢得中期选举,它究竟会在气候问题上采取什么行动?在Google上关注DW得克萨斯州参议员候选人詹姆斯·塔拉里科向选民推销的是降低能源账单,而不是应对气候变化。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的政府已经彻底削弱了美国的应对气候政策。
Josh Axelrod November 2, 2026 'Climate change' has nearly vanished from many Democrats' campaign pitch, replaced by electricity prices. What would the party actually do on climate if it won the midterms? Prefer DW on Google Texas Senate candidate James Talarico has pitched voters on lower energy bills rather than fighting climate change President Donald Trump's administration has gutted US climate policy Yet even as wildfires, record heat waves and flooding hit communities across the country, Democrats are keeping quiet about global warming on the midterm campaign trail Instead, candidates are packaging climate policy as an affordability issue, stressing how Americans are struggling to afford gas, groceries and to insure their homes against climate-fueled weather extremes.
然而,尽管野火、创纪录的热浪和洪水袭击了全国各地的社区,民主党人在中期竞选期间却对全球变暖保持沉默。相反,候选人们将气候政策包装为一个可负担性问题,强调美国人如何挣扎于支付汽油费、杂货费,以及为应对气候加剧的极端天气为其房屋投保。
Take Democratic Senate candidate James Talarico in Texas, who represents the party's best chance at winning the race in the Republican stronghold in nearly 40 years.
以得克萨斯州民主党参议员候选人詹姆斯·塔拉里科为例,他代表了该党近40年来赢得这个共和党票仓选举的最佳机会。尽管他在其竞选团队的“能源与环境”网页上对气候变化略有提及,但这并非他的重点。
Though he makes some mention of climate change on his campaign's "energy and environment" page, that is not his focus.
他的承诺集中在降低能源成本、为飙升的公用事业账单提供紧急救济、让数据中心为其自身的电网升级付费以及增加能源行业就业岗位。
His pledges center around lowering energy costs, providing emergency relief for spiking utility bills, making data centers pay for their own grid upgrades and growing energy sector jobs.
这与非营利新闻机构《内幕气候新闻》(Inside Climate News)的分析相吻合,该分析显示,民主党人已经大幅减少了在其新闻稿和竞选信息中对气候变化的提及。
This aligns with analysis from nonprofit news organization Inside Climate News showing that the Democrats have dramatically reduced mentions of climate change in their press releases and campaign messaging.
特朗普政府一直反对可再生能源并支持化石燃料,但屋顶太阳能正在美国房主中日益普及。
The Trump administration has pushed back against renewables in favor of fossil fuels, but rooftop solar is gaining popularity with US homeowners "We've entered an interesting space where climate policy doesn't need to be called climate policy to be climate policy," Max Frankel, executive director of the SEEC Institute, a nonprofit that helps guide climate policy in Congress, told DW.
“我们已经进入了一个有趣的领域:气候政策不需要被称为气候政策,就能成为气候政策,”旨在指导国会气候政策的非营利组织SEEC研究所执行长马克斯·弗兰克尔(Max Frankel)对德国之声(DW)表示。民主党获胜对气候政策意味着什么?
What would a Democratic win mean for climate policy?
多数预测显示,民主党将在11月3日的选举中赢得众议院,并在参议院获得微弱多数。但分析人士表示,如果没有对白宫的控制权,通过任何立法都将十分困难,几乎任何气候政策都必须是两党共同努力的结果。
Most forecasts project Democrats winning the House and a narrow majority in the Senate in the November 3 election. But without control of the White House, passing any legislation will be difficult and almost any climate policy will have to be a bipartisan endeavor, say analysts.
鉴于这一点,加之民主党的工作重心从气候转向了负担能力,很少有专家预计《削减通胀法案》会全面复活。
Given that and the Democrats shift to affordability over climate, few experts expect a fully resurrected Inflation Reduction Act.
该法案是在民主党执政期间推出的,旨在为建设清洁能源项目提供激励措施,但在很大程度上遭到特朗普总统的大型税收法的废除。
Introduced under the Democrats to create incentives for building clean energy projects, the legislation was largely decimated by President Trump's major tax law.
不过,分析人士对德国之声表示,民主党可能会试图恢复《削减通胀法案》中一些对气候有利的条款,特别是旨在降低家庭能源成本的措施。其中包括对家庭能效升级以及热泵等电器的激励措施,以取代通常有助于降低家庭能源账单的石油和天然气取暖器。
But Democrats may try to bring back some climate-friendly IRA provisions, particularly measures aimed at lowering household energy costs, analysts told DW. Those include incentives for home energy-efficiency upgrades and appliances like heat pumps to replace oil and gas heaters that typically help bring down household energy bills.
政客们还可能扩大针对太阳能、电池和关键矿产的《削减通胀法案》制造业税收抵免,这些抵免在很大程度上得以保留。一项两党提案建议将其适用范围扩大到包括核聚变组件。
Politicians could also expand an IRA manufacturing tax credit for solar, batteries, and critical minerals that largely survived. One bipartisan bill proposes extending it to include nuclear fusion components.
致力于脱碳的政策公司“气候愿景”创始人阿德里安·德文尼对德国之声表示:“它的规模将完全无法与《削减通胀法案》相比。这就像是一垒安打或二垒安打,而不是本垒打,但仍然值得去做。” 关于建设基础设施的首次两党考验 在两党罕见达成共识的领域,一些民主党人和共和党人已经开始支持一项改革法案,并希望在1月新国会宣誓就职之前将其通过。
"It's not going to be anything at the scale of the IRA," Adrian Deveny, founder of Climate Vision, a policy firm dedicated to decarbonization, told DW. "It's like singles and doubles as opposed to a home run, which is still worth doing." A first bipartisan test over building infrastructure In a rare area of agreement between the parties, some Democrats and Republicans are already backing a reform bill they're hoping to pass before a new Congress is sworn in January.
如果该法案得以颁布,可能会大大简化在美国建设重大基础设施项目的程序,其中包括输送区域间电力的长距离输电线路,由于复杂的审批规则,这些线路目前需要数年时间才能建成。美国对电动汽车转背相向 要观看此视频,以及研究能源监管政治的得克萨斯大学政治学家戴维·斯彭斯表示:“建设更多输电线路的最大受益者将是风能和太阳能,因为生产风能和太阳能最好、最便宜的方式往往远离城市。”
If enacted, the bill could make it significantly easier to build major infrastructure projects in the US, including long-distance transmission lines that carry electricity between regions but that currently take years to build because of complex permitting rules. US turns its back on EVs To view this video , and "The biggest beneficiary of building more transmission will be wind and solar power, because the best and cheapest way to generate wind and solar energy tends to be far away from cities," said David Spence, a political scientist at the University of Texas who researches the politics of energy regulation.
“因此,它们需要输电线路将产品运送到市场。”但环保团体表示,该法案也可能加快化石燃料项目的审批。
"And so, they need transmission to get their product to market." But environmental groups say the bill could also speed up the approval of fossil fuel projects.
斯彭斯表示,如果民主党在期中选举中大胜,可能会有一些人“撤回对该法案的支持,因为他们认为自己能在下一届国会中做得更好”。
If Democrats win big in the midterms there might be some "peeling off their support for that bill because they think they can do better in the next Congress," said Spence.
放眼2028年总统大选 在2028年总统大选之前,出台重大的联邦气候立法希望渺茫。而在那之后,这可能需要民主党赢得白宫、参议院和众议院。虽然目前尚未公布任何2028年竞选纲领,但政策专家预计一些想法将占据显眼位置。
Looking to the 2028 presidential elections Major new federal climate legislation is a long shot before the 2028 presidential election. And afterwards it would likely require Democrats winning the White House, the Senate and the House. While no 2028 platforms have been released yet, policy experts expect a few ideas to feature prominently.
其中之一是数据中心。全国上下对为推动人工智能热潮而大规模建设的耗能基础设施的反对情绪正在高涨。新闻媒体《政客》的一项民意调查显示,一半的美国人现在反对在他们家附近建设数据中心。
One is data centers. Opposition to the energy-guzzling infrastructure being built en masse to power the AI boom is mounting across the country. Half of Americans are now against data centers being built close to their homes, according to a poll from news outlet Politico.
曾主导《削减通胀法案》谈判的德韦尼表示:“我确信,每个候选人的纲领都会在某种程度上聚焦于数据中心的限制,以此作为解决负担能力问题的一种方式。而这正是气候政策的切入点。”目前流传着几种想法——包括民主党人伯尼·桑德斯和亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯提出暂停数据中心建设的提议——以及取消对数据中心的税收减免并对其用电征收新税。
"I'm sure every candidate is going to have a platform with a focus on data center constraints on some level, as a way to address affordability," Deveny, who led negotiations on the IRA, said. "And that's the entry point for climate policy." There are several ideas currently circulating — including a proposal by Democrats Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to pause data center construction — as well as ending tax breaks for data centers and imposing new taxes on their electricity use.
在特朗普总统执政期间,风能行业遭受了打击,他曾激励能源公司取消海上风电租约。民主党人也可能寻求恢复《通胀削减法案》(IRA)中的清洁能源税收优惠。今年,有150多名议员共同发起了所谓的《能源法案减负法案》(Energy Bills Relief Act),旨在恢复《通胀削减法案》中的清洁能源税收优惠,改革输电许可的发放方式,并让数据中心为其所需的电网升级付费。该法案不太可能在近期获得通过,但它为了解民主党人可能支持的内容提供了一个窗口。
Wind energy has taken a hit under President Trump, who has incentivized energy companies to cancel offshore wind leases Democrats may also seek to restore the IRA's clean energy tax incentives. This year, more than 150 legislators co-sponsored the so-called Energy Bills Relief Act designed to reinstate IRA clean energy tax incentives, reform how transmission permits are granted, and make data centers pay for the grid upgrades they need. The bill is unlikely to pass anytime soon but offers a window into what Democrats might support.
德韦尼说:“到目前为止,最大共识——如果存在任何哪怕有点类似共识的东西的话——就是恢复《通胀削减法案》中的许多清洁能源税收优惠。并非所有人都支持这一点,但这是大多数国会民主党人高度支持的想法。”对其他提案的支持包括一项旨在帮助保险公司承保气候灾害并降低高额保费的新联邦计划,以及所谓的“气候超级基金”。这将要求化石燃料公司承担极端天气造成损害的部分成本,以及适应气候变化风险的费用。
"By far, the biggest consensus — to the extent there's anything remotely resembling a consensus — is restoring a lot of the clean energy tax incentives from the IRA," Deveny said. "Not everybody supports that but it is a highly supported idea amongst most congressional Democrats." Support for other proposals include a new federal program to help insurers cover climate-driven disasters and bring down hefty premiums, as well as so-called climate superfunds. This would require fossil fuel companies to contribute to the costs of damage caused by extreme weather and adapting to the risks of climate change.
佛蒙特州和纽约州都通过了建立此类基金的立法,尽管一名联邦法官阻止了纽约州的立法。
Vermont and New York both passed legislation to create funds, although a federal judge blocked New York's.
2028年总统竞选预计将在中期选举结束后几周开始,带来新一轮的政策构想和辩论。如果新总统所在的政党同时也赢得国会控制权,这位新总统通常能在任期之初主导立法议程。
The 2028 presidential race is expected to begin a few weeks after the midterms end, bringing a fresh round of policy ideas and debates. A new president typically gets to drive the legislative agenda in the beginning of their term if their party also wins Congress.
德韦尼说:“只要共识仍然是清洁能源是更廉价的能源来源,并且它将在长期内为高昂的能源成本提供稳定性——你可以通过这个视角提出无数种解决方案。”
"As long as the consensus is that clean energy is the cheaper source of energy, and it's going to provide stability over the long term for high energy costs — there's a million ways you can propose solutions through that lens," Deveny said.