巴黎11月3日电——造船商、导弹制造商和无人机制造商于周二在巴黎附近的一个防务展上展示其产品，在此之际，欧洲各国政府对美国作为防务盟友产生疑虑，并对俄罗斯的侵略感到警惕，正纷纷加紧增强海军力量。
PARIS, Nov 3 - Shipbuilders, missile makers and drone manufacturers showcase their wares at an arms fair starting near Paris on Tuesday, as European governments, doubting the United States as a defence ally and alarmed by Russian aggression, rush to bolster navies.
海上无人机使用的增加、对关键海底基础设施的攻击以及在包括中东在内的冲突中针对商业航运的袭击，标志着欧洲海军力量所面临的挑战发生了转变。
The increasing use of drones at sea, attacks on critical undersea infrastructure and the targeting of commercial shipping in conflicts including in the Middle East mark a shift in the challenges that European naval forces face.
上个月，北约表示将向黑海派遣更多的海上巡逻机和无人机，以回应罗马尼亚和保加利亚海岸附近货船遭到的一连串致命无人机袭击，这些袭击与俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争有关。
Last month, NATO said it would send more maritime patrol aircraft and drones to the Black Sea in response to a spate of deadly drone attacks on cargo vessels off the Romanian and Bulgarian coasts linked to Russia's war in Ukraine.
组织者预计，在11月3日至6日举行的欧洲海军装备展（Euronaval）上，参展商数量将创下纪录，比两年前的上届展会增加45%。组织者表示，2024年至2025年，全球军用和准军事造船市场价值达到1220亿美元，比两年前增长50%。
Organisers expect a record number of exhibitors at the November 3-6 Euronaval defence exhibition, rising 45% from the previous edition two years ago. The market for military and paramilitary shipbuilding was worth $122 billion globally in 2024-2025, up 50% from two years prior, the organisers say.
无人机成为关注焦点 包括法国海军集团（Naval Group）、德国蒂森克虏伯海洋系统公司（TKMS）和欧洲导弹制造商欧洲导弹集团（MBDA）在内的防务集团将展示从军舰到作战软件和海军弹药等各种产品。
DRONES A FOCUS OF ATTENTION Defence groups including France's Naval Group, Germany's TKMS and European missile maker MBDA will show products ranging from warships to combat software and naval ammunition.
欧洲海军装备展总干事纪尧姆·梅尔维约·迪维尼奥（Guillaume Merveilleux du Vignaux）少将表示，无人机可能会吸引特别的关注。
Drones were likely to attract particular attention, said Rear Admiral Guillaume Merveilleux du Vignaux, Euronaval's general commissioner.
专家表示，海上无人机适用于各种军事用途，从监测海底电缆或搜寻水雷的自主水下系统，到用于监视或撞击摧毁的水面系统。
Drones at sea lend themselves to various military uses, from autonomous underwater systems monitoring undersea cables or looking for mines, to surface ones used for surveillance or destruction on impact, specialists say.
官员们表示，除了单纯购买无人机外，面临的挑战是将这些新系统与数年前或数十年前建造的舰艇或潜艇连接起来。
Beyond simply buying drones, officials say the challenge is to connect these new systems to ships or submarines built years or decades ago.
在海上操作无人机还面临着陆地上没有的技术困难，从海上的运动到舰艇雷达或其钢质船体产生的干扰。
Operating drones at sea also presents technical difficulties not encountered on land, from movement at sea to interference created by ships' radar or their steel hulls.
一位法国海军官员上周在一次新闻发布会上表示：“在海上的船只晃动得很厉害。所有基于GPS的系统都需要把这一点考虑进去。”军方官员和行业高管表示，一个同等面临的挑战是，随着海上无人认领的袭击（特别是涉及无人机的袭击）变得越来越普遍，如何识别袭击的幕后黑手。
"A ship at sea moves a lot," a French Navy official said last week at a press conference. "All of the GPS-based systems need to take that into account." Military officials and industry executives say a parallel challenge is identifying who is behind attacks as unclaimed operations at sea, in particular involving drones, become more common.
行业专家表示，他们现在正把赌注押在人工智能上，以帮助解决这个问题。梅尔维约·迪维尼奥说：“人工智能将为处理雷达和传感器捕获的大量数据取得重要进展提供助力。”
Industry experts say they are now betting on AI to help with that. "AI will enable important progress" to handle big quantities of data captured by radars and sensors, Merveilleux du Vignaux said.