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预测市场在选举中准确吗?美国中期选举将是一次大考验Are prediction markets accurate on elections? The US midterms are a big test

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人们在2026年3月20日,Polymarket快闪酒吧“态势室”在华盛顿特区开业首夜走过店前。 摄影:Bryan Dozier/ZUMA Press Wire/ShutterstockPeople walk past Polymarket's pop-up bar, The Situation Room, on its opening night in Washington DC on 20 March 2026. Photograph: Bryan Dozier/ZUMA Press Wire/Shutterstock

Polymarket 和 Kalshi 因汇聚“群众的智慧”而声名鹊起。但在发生重大失误后,一些人开始怀疑它们的预测是否只是“愚蠢的人运气好”。

Polymarket and Kalshi have risen for collecting the ‘wisdom of crowds’. But after high-profile blunders, some wonder if their predictions were just ‘stupid people getting lucky’ Just as voting was due to end in Brazil’s presidential runoff on 25 October, a supreme court justice ordered polling stations to stay open for another two hours, to give voters stranded by flash floods and bus shortages more time to cast their ballots.

街头小贩售卖印有路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦头像的巴西国家足球队球衣版本。 摄影:Tiago Rogero/The GuardianStreet vendors selling a version of the Brazilian national football team shirt featuring the face of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Photograph: Tiago Rogero/The Guardian

就在巴西总统决选投票于 10 月 25 日即将结束时,一位最高法院大法官下令投票站再开放两小时,以便让因山洪暴发和公交车短缺而被困的选民有更多时间投票。这为本已紧张的选举增添了更多戏剧性。投票前一晚的最终民调显示,弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗仅以约 51% 对 49% 的微弱优势领先——处于误差范围内。这是一场统计学意义上的平局。

It added more drama to an already tense election. The final polls the night before showed Flávio Bolsonaro only marginally ahead, by about 51% to 49% – within the margin of error. A statistical tie.

2026年8月11日,在威斯康星州麦迪逊市,支持者在弗朗西斯卡·洪初选之夜的观战派对上举着标语牌。 摄影:Nam Y Huh/APSupporters hold signs during a primary election night watch party for Francesca Hong on 11 August 2026 in Madison, Wisconsin. Photograph: Nam Y Huh/AP

预测市场却讲述了一个不同的故事。Polymarket 在选举日将博尔索纳罗获胜的定价维持在约 80%,这一水平已持续了三周。在投票前夕,该概率一度触及 84%。即使投票结束,市场仍给现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦大约五分之一的获胜机会。几小时后,卢拉以 51.8% 对 48.2% 获胜。

Prediction markets told a different story. Polymarket priced a Bolsonaro victory at about 80% on election day, where it had hovered for three weeks. On the eve of the vote it touched 84%. Even as polls closed, the market gave the incumbent, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, roughly a one-in-five chance. A few hours later, Lula had won, by 51.8% to 48.2%.

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