根据泄露的国防工业文件显示，俄罗斯安排向伊朗供应90套先进制导导弹发射架，这些文件揭示了莫斯科与德黑兰之间军事合作的深度。
Russia arranged to supply Iran with 90 launchers for advanced guided missiles, according to leaked defence industry documents that shed light on the depth of military cooperation between Moscow and Tehran.
这些文件由乌克兰私营情报公司达拉斯分析公司获取，并与《卫报》共享，详细列出了向伊朗供应LMUR发射架的计划。LMUR是一种从攻击直升机发射的制导导弹，自2022年全面入侵以来，俄军已广泛用于打击乌克兰目标。
The documents, obtained by Dallas Analytics, a Ukrainian private intelligence firm, and shared with the Guardian, detail plans to supply Iran with launchers for the LMUR, a guided missile fired from attack helicopters which Russian forces have used extensively against Ukrainian targets since the full-scale invasion in 2022.
俄罗斯领先的导弹和发射系统设计机构“Vympel”（音译：温佩尔）于2024年5月制定的一份生产计划表列出了一项指定为“K-10”的出口合同订单，内容为90套发射架，交付时间定在2024年底至2025年12月之间。单独的内部文件明确将K-10指认为伊朗。
A production schedule drawn up in May 2024 by Vympel, a leading Russian designer of missiles and launch systems, lists an order for 90 launchers under an export contract designated "K-10", with deliveries scheduled between late 2024 and December 2025. Separate internal paperwork explicitly identifies K-10 as Iran.
这些记录并未确认发射架最终是否已交付。然而，另一份列出2023年向伊朗交付六架雅克-130教练机的生产计划表，与公开报道的该型飞机交付情况相符。
The records do not establish whether the launchers were ultimately delivered. However, a separate production schedule listing six Yak-130 jet trainers destined for Iran in 2023 is consistent with publicly reported deliveries of the aircraft.
这些文件为俄伊军事合作提供了新的见解，正值华盛顿在美国中期选举后权衡其在对伊朗战争中的下一步行动之际。
The files offer fresh insight into Russian-Iranian military cooperation at a sensitive moment as Washington weighs its next steps in its war against Iran after the US midterm elections.
观察人士普遍认为，莫斯科是伊朗长期战争的主要受益者之一，这为俄罗斯带来了战略和经济优势。
Observers widely regard Moscow as one of the main winners of a prolonged war in Iran, which has brought Russia strategic and economic advantages.
由于霍尔木兹海峡航运中断以及海湾地区能源设施遭袭，全球能源价格上涨，俄罗斯从中获益。更高的石油收入为克里姆林宫在乌克兰的战争提供了额外资金来源，并可能有助于缓解俄罗斯紧张预算的压力。
Russia has benefited from an increase in global energy prices triggered by disruptions to shipping through the strait of Hormuz and attacks on energy infrastructure across the Gulf. Higher oil revenues give the Kremlin an additional source of funds for its war in Ukraine and could help ease pressure on Russia's strained budget.
这场战争还分散了国际社会的注意力和西方的军事资源，使其远离乌克兰，进一步加剧了基辅获取关键的美制“爱国者”防空拦截弹的困难。
The war has also diverted international attention and western military resources away from Ukraine, further straining Kyiv's access to crucial US-made Patriot air defence interceptors.
唐纳德·特朗普多次淡化莫斯科对伊朗支持的程度。上个月，这位美国总统写道，俄罗斯为帮助德黑兰做的“非常少，甚至什么都没做”，并辩称他不想把莫斯科从结束乌克兰战争的谈判中推开。
Donald Trump has repeatedly played down the extent of Moscow's support for Iran. Last month, the US president wrote that Russia was doing "very little, if anything" to help Tehran, arguing that he did not want to drive Moscow away from negotiations to end the war in Ukraine.
特朗普的说法与欧洲情报机构的发现形成对比，后者认定俄罗斯已向伊朗提供关键数据和卫星图像，这些可能有助于伊朗打击中东地区的美军。
Trump's claims contrast with European intelligence findings that Russia has provided Iran with key data and satellite images that could help it target US forces in the Middle East.
欧洲情报机构还警告称，莫斯科正准备向德黑兰提供装载炸药的无人机，用于对抗美国和以色列。
European intelligence agencies have also warned that Moscow was preparing to supply Tehran with explosive-laden drones for use against the US and Israel.
自2022年莫斯科对乌克兰发动全面入侵以来，俄伊军事合作显著扩大，当时德黑兰成为“见证者”攻击无人机的关键供应国，俄罗斯此后已开始在国内生产这种无人机。
Military cooperation between Russia and Iran has expanded significantly since Moscow's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, when Tehran became a crucial supplier of Shahed attack drones, which Russia has since begun manufacturing domestically.
莫斯科否认了其正向伊朗提供军事装备用于当前冲突的报道。两国于2025年签署了一项战略伙伴关系协定，其中包含应对共同威胁的条款，但未达到俄罗斯与朝鲜安全条约中所含相互防御承诺的程度。但德黑兰和莫斯科在最近几个月保持了非常紧密的合作。
Moscow has denied reports that it is supplying military equipment to Iran for use in the current conflict. The two countries signed a strategic partnership agreement in 2025 that includes provisions for countering shared threats, although it stops short of the mutual defence commitments contained in Russia's security pact with North Korea. But Tehran and Moscow have kept in very close cooperation in recent months.
仅在10月，俄伊高级官员就举行了三次高层会晤，凸显两国政府对双边关系日益重视的程度。
In October alone, senior Russian and Iranian officials held three high-level meetings, underscoring the growing importance both governments attach to their relationship.
莫斯科一直小心避免公开其与德黑兰的军事合作，担心危及普京与特朗普的关系。俄罗斯在向伊朗供应武器方面也面临制约，其大部分军工生产已因乌克兰战争的需求而紧张不堪。
Moscow has been careful not to publicise its military cooperation with Tehran, wary of jeopardising Putin's relationship with Trump. Russia also faces constraints on its ability to supply Iran with weapons, with much of its military production already stretched by the demands of the war in Ukraine.
泄露的文件让人们得以一窥俄罗斯国防工业面临的压力。在2024年5月的信函中，“飞镖”公司警告称，关键部件供应延迟威胁到导弹发射装置的组装，并有可能扰乱俄罗斯国家国防合同。
The leaked documents provide a glimpse into the pressures facing Russia's defence industry. In the May 2024 letter, Vympel warned that delays in the supply of essential components threatened the assembly of missile launchers and risked disrupting Russian state defence contracts.