土耳其能源部长已制定该国逐步摆脱煤炭和其他化石燃料的计划，正值该国准备主办第31届联合国气候变化大会（COP31）。安德鲁·威尔克斯（ANDREW WILKS）气候变化大会。
The Turkish energy minister has laid out plans for his country to wean itself away from coal and other fossil fuels as it prepares to host the COP31 climate change summit. ANDREW WILKS climate change summit.
世界领导人定于下周抵达地中海城市安塔利亚，土耳其主办此次年度环境会议，使其自身的煤炭、石油和天然气使用情况备受瞩目。
World leaders are due to arrive next week in the Mediterranean city of Antalya, and Turkey’s hosting of the annual environmental conference has thrown a spotlight on its own coal, oil and gas usage.
根据能源智库“恩伯”（Ember）的数据，土耳其是欧洲最大的燃煤发电国。土耳其能源部表示，煤炭去年仍其最大的电力来源，占发电量的33%。太阳能和风能在发电量中的占比接近23%。
Turkey is Europe’s largest coal power generator, according to energy think tank Ember. The Turkish Energy Ministry says coal remained its largest source of power last year, accounting for 33% of generation. The share of solar and wind in electricity generation stood at nearly 23%.
能源部长阿尔帕尔斯兰·巴伊拉克塔尔（Alparslan Bayraktar）在周五公开的一场演示中向记者披露了《2040年国家能源计划》，他在其中表示，土耳其将致力于从煤炭向更清洁的能源转型——这一过程被称为电气化。这将有助于该国兑现到2053年实现净零排放的承诺。
Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar revealed the National Energy Plan 2040 to reporters in a presentation made public Friday, in which he said Turkey would aim to transition from coal to cleaner energy sources— a process known as electrification. This would help it fulfil its pledge to reach net zero emissions by 2053.
他表示：“当我们到达2040年时，我们将把排放量减少40%。电气化的这一巨大变革将使之成为现实，”并补充说，在未来13年里，太阳能和风能的使用量将增加两倍以上。
“When we reach 2040 we are going to reduce our emissions by 40%. This big change in electrification will make this happen,” he said, adding that the use of solar and wind energy sources would more than quadruple over the next 13 years.
他在伊斯坦布尔举行的记者会上表示：“我们的目标是到2040年实现36%的电气化。”以交通运输为例，巴伊拉克塔尔表示，在未来13年里，土耳其道路上的电动汽车数量将从约50万辆增加到2000万辆。
“Our aim is to reach 36% electrification by the year 2040,” he told a news conference in Istanbul. Using transport as an example, Bayraktar said the number of electric cars on Turkey’s roads would increase from around 500,000 to 20 million in the next 13 years.
该计划的目标是在土耳其能源使用方式上产生“范式转变”。这位部长还补充道：“我们面前有一份庞大的项目清单。”
The aim of the plan is to produce a “paradigm shift” in how energy is used in Turkey. “We have a huge project list ahead of us,” the minister added.
需要巨额投资 然而，这样的转变将需要巨额投资——在未来13年内需要5000亿美元，其中约210亿美元将来自土耳其公共部门企业，其余大部分将来自外国投资。
Huge level of investment needed Such a shift, however, would require a huge level of investment — $500 billion in the next 13 years, some $210 billion of which would come from Turkish public sector companies with much of the rest from foreign investment.
“如果世界对碳中和是认真的，如果我们想为应对气候变化和全球变暖提供资金，我们就需要找到资金，”巴伊拉克塔尔说。“每个人都需要承担一些责任，为此提供资金。”他还强调了从煤炭向清洁能源转型的重要性，这种转型不应对依赖矿山和发电厂就业的社区产生负面影响。
“If the world is serious about carbon neutrality and if we would like to fund (fighting) climate change and global warming, we need to find the money,” Bayraktar said. “Everyone needs to take some responsibility and provide money for that.”He also emphasized the importance of a transition from coal to clean energy that would not negatively impact communities reliant on mines and power stations for employment.
“我们正在寻求从煤炭向相对更清洁的能源进行公正转型……但我们需要煤炭来保障供应安全，”他说。
“We are looking for a just transition from coal to relatively cleaner sources of energy… but we need coal for security of supply,” he said.
“同样重要的是，（煤炭开采）为至少3万至4万人提供了就业和劳动机会。我们如何让这些矿工变成人工智能专家或高科技专家？这不会容易。我们需要一个公正的过渡期。”尽管旨在摆脱对煤炭的依赖，但土耳其在可预见的未来仍将依赖其他化石燃料，特别是天然气。
“Equally important is that (coal mining) is providing at least 30,000 to 40,000 people with employment and labor opportunities. How are we going to make these miners into AI experts or high-tech experts? It’s not going to be easy. We need a just transition period.”Despite aiming to break away from coal, Turkey will remain tied to other fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, for the foreseeable future.
土耳其最近开始在黑海钻探天然气储量，巴伊拉克塔尔说，产量将在未来几年翻倍，达到每年75亿立方米。
Turkey recently started drilling gas reserves in the Black Sea and Bayraktar said production would double to 7.5 billion cubic meters annually in the coming years.
发展核电 另一个关键领域将是核电。位于地中海沿岸的阿库尤核电站即将投入运行，还有计划在黑海沿岸建设另一座核电站。
Growing nuclear power Another key area would be nuclear power The Akkuyu nuclear power plant on the Mediterranean coast is nearing operation and there are plans for another nuclear station by the Black Sea.
巴伊拉克塔尔说，这些将有助于实现土耳其到2040年实现能源独立的“非常雄心勃勃的目标”。
These would contribute towards the “very ambitious target” of Turkey becoming energy independent by 2040, Bayraktar said.
谈到能源市场面临的“动荡时期”，巴伊拉克塔尔描述了乌克兰和伊朗战争周围的制裁如何阻碍应对全球变暖的努力。
Turning to the “turbulent times” facing energy markets, Bayraktar described how sanctions around the wars in Ukraine and Iran were impeding efforts to fight global warming.
“我们正试图在不到三十年的时间里实现碳中和，有了所有这些困难，要实现这一点非常困难，”他说。
“We are trying to become carbon neutral in less than three decades’ time and with all these difficulties it’s very difficult to achieve this,” he said.
据“气候行动追踪”组织衡量各国在2015年《巴黎协定》目标方面的进展，土耳其的气候目标和政策属于“严重不足”。该协定设定的目标是将全球气温升幅控制在比19世纪初期（early 1800s）高出1.5摄氏度（2.7华氏度）以内。
According to the Climate Action Tracker, which measures countries’ progress against goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, Turkey’s climate targets and policies are “critically insufficient.”The agreement set a target of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with the early 1800s.
展望第31届联合国气候变化大会（COP31），巴伊拉克塔尔表示，他的核心信息将是呼吁各国采取“回应性强且切合实际的政策”，以实现碳中和。
Looking ahead to COP31, Bayraktar said his key message would be for countries to adopt “responsive and realistic policies” to achieve carbon neutrality.