唐纳德·特朗普的共和党在国会两院均失去了多数党地位。但总统仍掌握巨大权力——而民主党人尚未就如何最好地行使自身权力达成一致。
Donald Trump's Republican party has lost its majority in both chambers of the US Congress. But the president still has a lot of power — and the Democrats have yet to agree on how best to use theirs.
首选 DW 谷歌版 美国各地的民主党人，如图中爱荷华州得梅因的支持者，在 11 月 3 日的中期选举中庆祝壮观胜利 一股“蓝色浪潮”席卷了美国。甚至有人称之为“蓝色海啸”。民主党在 11 月 3 日的中期选举中取得决定性胜利，从唐纳德·特朗普总统的共和党手中夺回了美国众议院和参议院的多数党地位。他们还在得克萨斯州等前共和党大本营的州长选举中获胜。
Prefer DW on Google Democrats across the US, as here in Des Moines, Iowa, celebrated spectacular victories in the midterms on November 3 A "blue wave" has rolled across the United States. Some are even calling it a "blue tsunami." The Democrats scored a decisive victory in the midterm elections on November 3, wresting the majority from President Donald Trump's Republicans in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate. They also won gubernatorial elections in former Republican strongholds such as Texas.
周二晚间的照片显示，全国各地的民主党政客和支持者在庆祝、拥抱，甚至喜极而泣。然而，正如白宫在选举次日发在 X 平台上的帖子提醒美国人那样：“特朗普依然是你们的总统。”特朗普有权否决国会提交给他的任何拟议立法，而推翻他的否决需要三分之二多数。此外，过去他曾有时直接无视国会的决定。民主党拥有多大权力？
Pictures from Tuesday evening show Democrat politicians and supporters across the country celebrating, hugging, even weeping with joy. However, as the White House reminded Americans in a post on X the day after the elections: "Trump is still your president." Trump has the power to veto any proposed legislation Congress puts before him, and his veto can only be overruled by a two-thirds majority. Also, in the past he has, on occasion, simply ignored the Congress's decision. How much power do the Democrats have?
华盛顿特区美国大学公共管理与政策系教授帕特里克·马龙告诉《德国之声》，总统否决未必意味着事情的终结——尽管民主党在国会两院均未拥有三分之二多数。
Patrick Malone, professor at the public administration and policy department at American University in Washington DC, told DW that a presidential veto is not necessarily the end of the matter — even though the Democrats don't have a two-thirds majority in either Congressional chamber.
“共和党人，尤其是众议院方面的，不想再把自己和特朗普捆绑得那么紧了，”马龙说。“幸存下来的共和党人收到了一个非常强烈的信号。他们指着一个邻近选区（变蓝了）说‘那种事不可能发生在这里’，这将是不合逻辑且愚蠢的。”
"There are Republicans, especially on the House side, who are not going to want to tie themselves that closely to Trump anymore," says Malone. "The Republicans that survived had a very strong message sent to them. It would be illogical and foolish for them to point to a neighboring district [that turned blue] and say, 'Well, that can't happen here.'"
因此，马龙预测共和党人和民主党人可能会联手推翻特朗普的否决。“这很容易发生。”在其政党在选举中惨败的第二天，唐纳德·特朗普专注于白宫舞厅的建设 特朗普会再次被弹劾吗？
For that reason, Malone predicts that Republicans and Democrats may come together to overrule a Trump veto. "It could happen very easily." The day after his party's dismal showing in the elections, Donald Trump focussed on the construction of his White House ballroom Will Trump be impeached again?
许多人心头萦绕的一个问题是：民主党会不会再次尝试弹劾？一个可能的依据是特朗普未经国会批准就发动了对伊朗的战争 美国宪法规定只有国会拥有宣战权。但作为总统兼三军统帅，总统也拥有一定程度的军事指挥权。在未经国会批准的情况下，这项权力延伸多远在法律上存在争议。
A question at the front of many people's minds is: Might the Democrats make another attempt at impeachment? One possible basis for this would be that Trump started the war with Iran without congressional approval US Constitution says only Congress has the power to declare war. But as commander-in-chief, the president also has a degree of military authority. How far this extends without Congressional approval is legally disputed.
从2027年1月起，民主党将拥有在众议院提出指控所需的简单多数。然而，他们无法凑齐参议院定罪并将特朗普免职所需的三分之二多数 部分民主党人表示，尽管如此，启动弹劾程序依然势在必行，作为一种制约总统的手段。
From January 2027, Democrats will have the simple majority required to bring charges against him in the House of Representatives. They will not, however, be able to muster the two-thirds majority in the Senate that would be needed for a conviction and Trump's removal from office Some Democrats say it is nonetheless imperative that the impeachment process be initiated, as a way of keeping the president in check.
其他人仍持怀疑态度。“如果我们把唐纳德·特朗普作为关注的中心，我们将错失这一历史时刻，”民主党参议员科里·布克说。“我们需要解决美国人民的问题。”
Others remain skeptical. "If we make Donald Trump the center of our focus, we will lose this moment in history," the Democratic senator Cory Booker said. "We need to deal with the American people's problems."
这并不意味着民主党不会尝试对特朗普或其家庭成员或政府成员发起调查。恰恰相反。马龙认为，国会中的民主党非常认真地履行其监督职能，肯定会发起调查。他说，这些调查的作用不仅限于有据可查的结果：“国会调查的另一点是：它们对舆论的影响比对立法的影响大得多。它们能吸引人们的注意力。”民主党主导的国会可能意味着什么？关于欧盟、跨大西洋团结 观看此视频 ，以及赫格塞斯会被解除国防部长职务吗？
This does not mean that Democrats won't try to launch investigations into Trump or into members of his family or government. Quite the reverse. Malone believes the Democrats in Congress take their control function very seriously and will definitely initiate investigations. These, he says, serve a purpose beyond the documented outcome: "Another thing about Congressional investigations: They have a much stronger impact on public opinion than on legislation. They catch people's attention." What a Democrat-led Congress could mean for EU, trans-Atlantic unity To view this video , and Will Hegseth be sacked as secretary of defense?
虽然特朗普极有可能保住工作，但皮特·赫格塞斯可能即将失去职位。观察人士认为，民主党将要求更换一位国防部长。“关于皮特·赫格塞斯将会发生什么，有很多猜测，”布兰登·康拉迪斯说，他是前德国之声记者，现为华盛顿特区彭博政府事务的编辑。特朗普是否真的会解雇赫格塞斯，这是总统的决定。民主党所能做的只是施加政治压力。
While Trump will most likely get to keep his job, Pete Hegseth might be about to lose his. Observers assume the Democrats will demand a different secretary of defense. "There's a lot of speculation about what's going to happen to Pete Hegseth," says Brandon Conradis, a former DW journalist who is now an editor at Bloomberg Government in Washington DC. Whether Trump will actually fire Hegseth is a decision for the president. All the Democrats can do is exert political pressure.
从1月开始，民主党将在国会拥有多数席位，政府资金的支出由国会决定。康拉迪斯说，民主党如愿以偿的一种可能性是将特朗普心仪项目的资金与特定条件挂钩。“民主党可能会做的一件事是说：‘听着，如果你想为这些冲突获得更多资金，皮特·赫格塞斯必须走人。’”作为国防部长，赫格塞斯至少要对美国在与伊朗的战争中相对缺乏成功承担部分责任。这也可能成为特朗普解雇他的理由。
From January onward, the Democrats will have a majority in Congress, which is where decisions are made on how government funds are spent. Conradis says one possibility for the Democrats to get their way would be to link the financing of Trump's pet projects to specific conditions. "One thing Democrats might do is say, 'Look, if you want more funding for these conflicts, Pete Hegseth needs to go.'" As secretary of defense, Hegseth is being held at least partially responsible for the US's relative lack of success in the war with Iran. This could also be a reason for Trump to fire him.
民主党并非铁板一块 在中期选举取得成功后，民主党人正享受着短暂的团结时刻。但马龙表示，这种局面不会持久。“民主党团结了也许24到36小时。现在他们一段时间内恐怕很难真正团结起来。”与德国不同，美国联邦层面不存在执政联盟。然而，民主党内部存在各种政治派系。在政治光谱的左翼是进步派民主党人，其中包括颇具影响力的年轻众议员亚历山德拉·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯等人。“进步派在环境或社会项目等方面有着非常激进的政策主张，”马龙评论道。
Democrats not a unified bloc After their success in the midterms the Democrats have been enjoying a brief moment of unity. But Malone says it won't last. "The Democratic Party was unified for maybe 24, 36 hours. Now they're not really going to unify for a bit." Unlike Germany, the US does not have governing coalitions at the federal level. There are, however, various political groupings within the Democratic Party itself. On the left wing of the political spectrum there are the progressive Democrats, including, among others, the prominent young representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. "[Progressives] have very aggressive policy ideas, whether it be environment or social programs," comments Malone.
亚历山德拉·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯为民主党人阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德助选，后者当选为密歇根州参议员 在中间派的是主流自由派民主党人，他们自视为政治上务实、擅长妥协。但也存在温和派。“这是民主党一方的一个重要群体，”马龙说。“在中期选举中，有许多民主党人在原本的红色选区或极其保守的蓝色选区赢得了选举。他们回不了选区对选民说：‘看，AOC想要这个。’”
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez campaigning for the Democrat Abdul El-Sayed, who was elected senator for Michigan In the middle are the mainstream liberal Democrats, who see themselves as politically pragmatic and good at compromising. But there are also moderates. "This is an important group on the Democratic side," Malone says. "There were a lot of Democrats [in the midterms] who won elections in former red districts or really, really conservative blue districts. They won't be able to go back to their districts and say, 'Look, AOC wants this.'"
国会民主党人要在一个明确的方向上达成一致，绝非易事。但许多人认为，这至关重要。“他们必须想出一个大家都能同意的积极执政议程，”马龙说。这位评论员认为，仅靠反对特朗普，不足以让民主党维持目前的成功势头。本文译自德语。
It will be no easy task for Democrats in Congress to agree on one clear direction. But many believe that it's vital that they do. "They're going to have to figure out a positive governing agenda that they can all agree on," says Malone. Just opposing Trump won't be enough for the Democrats to sustain their current success, the pundit argues. This article has been translated from German.