吉娜·伊诺霍萨挑战共和党构建的德克萨斯州政府 在自当选以来接受《纽约时报》的首次专访中，这位当选州长谈到了应对数据中心、堕胎限制和埃隆·马斯克等议题。
Gina Hinojosa Takes on the Texas Government Republicans Built In her first interview with The New York Times since her victory, the governor-elect talked about tackling data centers, abortion restrictions and Elon Musk.
在周五接受《纽约时报》采访时，这位民主党籍当选州长吉娜·伊诺霍萨虽然在一次选举中帮助打破了共和党对德克萨斯州的控制，但她明确表示，改变该州的治理方式不会一蹴而就。
Gina Hinojosa helped break the Republican grip on Texas in a single election, but the Democratic governor-elect made it clear in an interview with The New York Times on Friday that changing how the state was governed would not happen overnight.
“立法者和我们所有人都在试图弄清楚，‘这个新世界意味着什么？’”她站在奥斯汀州议会大厦台阶附近说道。“这是我们所有人停下来、让自己冷静一下的机会。”尽管如此，伊诺霍萨女士还是承诺将在对德克萨斯州民至关重要的一系列议题上推动变革——数据中心、移民、生活成本、企业影响力以及埃隆·马斯克。
“Legislators, and all of us, are trying to figure out, ‘What does this new world mean?’” she said, standing near the steps of the State Capitol in Austin. “This is an opportunity for all of us to take a moment to ground ourselves.”Still, Ms. Hinojosa promised changes across a range of issues important to Texans — data centers, immigration, the cost of living, the influence of corporations and Elon Musk.
在数据中心问题上，她说：“我不认为我有权力直接叫停所有数据中心。”在堕胎问题上，她说将寻求与仍掌握州参议院多数席位的共和党人达成妥协。
On data centers, she said, “I don’t think I have the power just to halt them all.”On abortion, she said she would seek a compromise with Republicans who still have a majority in the State Senate.
在移民问题上，她说将寻求“以合作方式与唐纳德·特朗普共事”。“我们需要成为合作伙伴，确保边境安全，”她说。
On immigration, she said she would seek to work “in a collaborative way with Donald Trump.”“We need to be partners in making sure that we keep our border secure,” she said.
伊诺霍萨女士的胜利是一场惊人横扫的一部分，这使得民主党人在周二大选中所有参选的全州性职位上均获胜。民主党现在控制着德克萨斯州众议院。一位民主党人担任德克萨斯州最高法院首席大法官。
Ms. Hinojosa’s win was part of a dramatic sweep that placed a Democrat in every statewide office that was up for a vote in Tuesday’s election. The Democratic Party now controls the Texas House. A Democrat is the chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court.
德克萨斯州民主党人等待任何形式的全州性控制权已超过30年，许多人在上周都在畅想一个新近变“蓝”的德克萨斯州会是什么样子。
Texas Democrats have waited more than 30 years for any sort of statewide control, and many spent last week entertaining thoughts of what a newly blue Texas could look like.
德克萨斯州民主党主席肯德尔·斯卡德表示，他希望推出反腐败立法，并废除州长格雷格·阿博特的私立学校券计划。前埃尔帕索联邦众议员贝托·奥罗克表示，一个行之有效的早期议程可能包括提高最低工资和扩大医疗补助计划。
Kendall Scudder, the chairman of the Texas Democratic Party, said he hoped for anti-corruption legislation and a roll back of Gov. Greg Abbott’s private school vouchers program. Beto O’Rourke, the former El Paso congressman, said an effective early agenda could include raising the minimum wage and expanding Medicaid.
“时钟已经在滴答作响了，”奥罗克在电话采访中说。“人们的期望值已高得惊人。”伊诺霍萨一直小心谨慎，不作过高承诺，也不越俎代庖。周四，她任命一名共和党州议员加入过渡团队，并赞扬阿博特在落选后表现得“风度翩翩”，愿意与她合作。
“The clock is already ticking,” Mr. O’Rourke said in a phone interview. “Sky high expectations have been set.”Ms. Hinojosa has been careful to not over-promise or overreach. On Thursday, she named a Republican state legislator to be part of her transition team and praised Mr. Abbott for being “gracious” in defeat and willing to work with her.
在周五接受《纽约时报》采访时，她说将敦促立法机构帮助她兑现承诺，向德州每个家庭发放1500美元支票，资金来源为该州约270亿美元的盈余。
In the Times interview on Friday, she said she would urge the legislature to help her fulfill her promise to send $1,500 checks to every Texas household, drawing on the state’s roughly $27 billion surplus.
“这是一个非常受欢迎的立场，”她说。“我还没听说有哪位共和党议员反对。”她说，她心目中的“蓝色德州”愿景是“一个为民众办实事的德州”，而非关乎党派政治。她将自己的议程描述为两党合作且超越党派之争。她说：“这不是民主党的议程。”
“It is a very popular position,” she said. “I have yet to hear of a Republican legislator who’s against it.”Her vision of what a blue Texas looks like, she said, is “a Texas that’s delivering for the people,” and not about partisan politics. She described her agenda as bipartisan and post-partisan. It’s “not a Democratic agenda,” she said.
周二的选举清楚地表明，伊诺霍萨与其他德州民主党人一样，受益于拉美裔选民远离共和党。她将这一变化归因于生活成本上涨和联邦政府的移民打压行动。
Tuesday’s election made clear that Ms. Hinojosa, along with other Democrats across Texas, had benefited from Latino voters shifting away from the Republican Party. She attributed the change to the rising cost of living and the federal immigration crackdown.
虽然伊诺霍萨表示将在移民执法的某些方面与特朗普总统合作，但她补充说，一些移民与海关执法局（ICE）特工采取的严厉手段，以及他们与德州州警的紧密合作，“不能照目前的方式继续下去”。她说，她计划告诉特朗普总统，目前的做法“让许多人感到愤怒、恐惧和不安全”（她表示两人尚未通话）。伊诺霍萨还誓言将审查阿博特标志性边境安全项目“孤星行动”的预算，以确保其“并非政治作秀”。
While Ms. Hinojosa said she would work with President Trump on some aspects of immigration enforcement, she added that the harsh tactics employed by some Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents, and their close collaboration with Texas state police, “cannot continue the way it is now.”She said she plans to tell President Trump that the current approach was “making a lot of people angry, afraid, and unsafe.” (The two have not yet spoken, she said.) Ms. Hinojosa also vowed to review the budget for Mr. Abbott’s signature border security program, Operation Lone Star, to ensure it was “not political theater.”
根据该项目，德州已斥资数十亿美元部署国民警卫队和州警巡逻，以抓捕和遏制非法移民，并修建边境屏障。
Under the program, Texas has spent billions of dollars on National Guard deployments and state police patrols to catch and deter unauthorized migration and to construct border barriers.
在移民问题上，希诺霍萨女士表示，她将利用州政府的许可权力，阻止私营监狱公司在得克萨斯州的拘留设施中关押儿童。
Also on the topic of immigration, Ms. Hinojosa said she would use the state’s licensing power to stop private prison companies from holding children in detention facilities in Texas.
“把小孩子那样关起来，即使和父母在一起，也是虐待儿童，”她说。
“Locking up little kids like that, even with their parents, that is child abuse,” she said.
在多个方面，希诺霍萨女士表示，她仍在确定自己从1月开始行使的新权力的界限，以及她和民主党同僚能取得多大成就，因为共和党在立法机构中拥有阻挠立法和否决提名的权力。
On a variety of fronts, Ms. Hinojosa said she was still determining what the limits of her new power will be starting in January, and how much she and her fellow Democrats would be able to achieve, given the power of Republicans to block legislation and thwart nominations in the legislature.
“我们仍然面对一个由共和党控制的参议院，”她在回答关于该州严格堕胎禁令的问题时说。她表示，将“优先确保医生不再因在医疗紧急情况下提供堕胎服务而遭到起诉”。“得克萨斯州有太多女性正在死去，”她说。
“We still have a Republican Senate,” she said in response to a question about the state’s strict abortion ban. She said she would “prioritize making sure that doctors are no longer prosecuted” for providing abortions in cases of medical emergencies. “Too many women are dying in Texas,” she said.
谈到她的政府与共和党立法者，她说：“我非常有信心，我们能为了挽救女性的生命而团结在一起。”
“I am just feeling pretty confident that we can come together in the name of saving women’s lives,” she said of her administration and Republican lawmakers.
在竞选期间，希诺霍萨女士利用民众对数据中心的不满，并赢得了保守派农村社区的支持，她承诺在出台新法规前暂停批准新设施。在采访中，她表示将设法叫停那些已经开工但仍需某些许可证的项目。
During her campaign, Ms. Hinojosa harnessed discontent over data centers and garnered support from conservative rural communities as she promised to impose a moratorium on new facilities until new regulations can be adopted. In the interview, she said she would look to stop those that have already begun construction but still need certain permits.
“我将行使我的权力，确保这些许可证被暂缓发放，直到我们能保护得克萨斯人，”她说。
“I will use my power to make sure those permits are held until we can protect Texans,” she said.
与此同时，她试图向该州商界领袖（包括该州首富马斯克）保证，她是“亲商业的”——前提是这些企业“亲得克萨斯”。
At the same time, she sought to reassure businesses leaders in the state, including Mr. Musk, its richest resident, that she was “pro-business” — provided the businesses were pro-Texas.
“我欢迎他来到这里，”她谈到马斯克先生时说。“但这需要关乎一种关系能为得克萨斯州提供什么。”采访是在通往州议会大厦的小径上进行的，一群人聚集在旁静静观看。附近一辆厢式货车的数字屏幕上滚动播放着一系列告别阿博特州长、庆祝伊诺霍萨当选的信息。“幸福是一位新州长，”其中一条信息写道。采访结束时，人群爆发出欢呼声。
“I welcome him to be here," she said of Mr. Musk. “But it needs to be about what a relationship can provide for Texas.”During the interview, conducted on the path leading to the State Capitol, a crowd gathered and watched in silence. Nearby a box truck with a digital screen displayed a series of messages bidding farewell to Mr. Abbott and celebrating the election of Ms. Hinojosa. “Happiness is a new governor,” one message read. As she finished the interview, the crowd erupted into cheers.
J·大卫·古德曼是《纽约时报》得克萨斯州分社社长，驻休斯顿。
J. David Goodman is the Texas bureau chief for The Times, based in Houston.
埃德加·桑多瓦尔为《时报》报道得克萨斯州新闻，重点关注拉美裔社区和与墨西哥的边境。他驻圣安东尼奥。
Edgar Sandoval covers Texas for The Times, with a focus on the Latino community and the border with Mexico. He is based in San Antonio.