安塔利亚：在土耳其举行的第31届联合国气候变化大会（COP31）为期两天的高强度发言中，世界各国领导人阐述了相互竞争的立场并提出了相互冲突的诉求，给谈判代表起草一份各方都能接受的有意义协议留下了艰巨任务。
ANTALYA: World leaders have set out competing positions and made clashing demands in two days of intense speech-making at the COP31 climate change talks in Türkiye, leaving negotiators with a tough task to draft a meaningful deal that all can agree.
作为全球变暖导致海平面上升而面临最大威胁的群体之一，小岛屿国家恳请紧急削减温室气体排放。
Small island states, among the most vulnerable in the world as global warming makes sea levels rise, pleaded for urgent cuts to greenhouse gas emissions.
与此同时，欧洲领导人纷纷支持一项扩大全球电气化的提议，发展中国家要求富裕国家提供更多资金，化石燃料生产国则主张石油、天然气和煤炭应继续被使用。
European leaders, meanwhile, lined up behind a proposal to expand global electrification, developing countries asked for more finance from rich ones, and fossil fuel producers said oil, gas, and coal should continue to be used.
“我们重申拥有主权权利，以强化我们的能源和石油工业，作为国家发展的驱动力，”委内瑞拉代理总统德尔西·罗德里格斯在会议上表示，此前联合国领导人已论证了终结化石燃料时代的必要性。
"We reaffirm our sovereign right to strengthen our energy and oil industry as a driver of our national development," Venezuela's acting President Delcy Rodriguez told the conference, after UN leaders had made the case for bringing to an end the age of fossil fuel.
除了试图协调周三（11月11日）和周四（11月12日）提出的相互不兼容的国家立场外，东道主土耳其和谈判牵头国澳大利亚还面临挑战：在战争和通胀将气候议题推向政治议程边缘的情况下，如何推动谈判取得进展。
Apart from trying to accommodate incompatible national positions aired on Wednesday (Nov 11) and Thursday (Nov 12), conference host Türkiye and negotiations lead Australia also have the challenge of trying to make progress when wars and inflation have pushed climate concerns down the political agenda.
“我的工作是引导达成共识，而不是拍桌子要求采取任何特定行动，而是在共识驱动的进程制约下，引导共识走向最强有力、最具雄心的可能结果，”澳大利亚COP31谈判主席克里斯·鲍恩对路透社表示。
"It's my job to steer consensus, not to bang tables and demand any particular action, but to steer consensus to the strongest, most ambitious possible outcome within the constraints of that consensus-driven process," Chris Bowen, Australia's COP31 president of negotiations, told Reuters.
当被问及什么样的协议算得上好协议时，他说：“我还需要与合作伙伴进行更多小时的磋商。”气候活动人士表示，短期政治考量不应阻碍解决一个如果被忽视只会变得更紧迫的问题。
Asked what a good deal might look like, he said: "I have many more hours of consultations with partners to do." Climate activists say short-term political concerns should not get in the way of addressing an issue that will get more pressing if ignored.
联合国上月发布的一份报告发现，世界已处于突破 1.5 摄氏度（2.7 华氏度）升温限值的轨道上，各国曾根据 2015 年《巴黎协定》同意努力追求这一限值，以防止气候变化最严重的影响。
A UN report last month found the world was already on course to break through the 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warming limit that countries had agreed to pursue under the 2015 Paris Agreement to prevent the worst effects of climate change. "The situation could not be less under control.
“局势完全失控。地球不是在自然消亡，而是被杀害的，”瑞典气候活动家格蕾塔·通贝里在联合国会议间隙表示。
The planet is not dying. It is being killed," Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg said on the sidelines of the UN conference.
“它是被那些常被认为会来拯救我们的人杀害的。没有人会来拯救我们。”
"It is being killed by the very same people often thought to come to our rescue. No one is coming to our rescue."
英国的伯纳姆支持可再生能源 周四早些时候，包括巴哈马、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛和圣卢西亚在内的小岛屿国家领导人呼吁迅速采取行动。
BRITAIN'S BURNHAM BACKS RENEWABLES Earlier on Thursday, the leaders of small island states including the Bahamas, Tuvalu, the Solomon Islands and Saint Lucia called for swift action.
“主要排放国必须超越惯常的承诺。它们必须削减气候危机所要求削减的排放量，”圣卢西亚总理菲利普·J·皮埃尔表示。
"Major emitters must move beyond the usual promises. They must reduce emissions that the climate crisis demands," said Saint Lucia's Prime Minister Philip J. Pierre.
英国首相安迪·伯纳姆支持土耳其的一项提议，即到 2035 年将电力在世界能源消费中的占比从目前略高于五分之一提高到 35%，以帮助推进这一目标。土耳其未说明增加使用的能源是否为可再生能源。
British Prime Minister Andy Burnham backed a proposal by Turkey to increase electricity's share of world energy consumption to 35 per cent by 2035, from a little over a fifth now, to help advance that goal. Turkey has not specified whether the extra energy used would be renewable.
伯纳姆在会议上表示，美以与伊朗的战争以及俄罗斯与乌克兰的战争导致的能源供应中断表明，清洁能源是明智之选。
Burnham told the conference that energy supply disruptions from the US-Israeli war with Iran and Russia's war with Ukraine showed clean energy was the wise choice.
他说：“现在人人都能清楚地看到，如果我们依赖无法控制的能源，就会让自己暴露在无法控制的价格之下。向清洁能源转型是通往能源安全的唯一途径。” 发展中国家重申了它们在多年的联合国谈判中提出的请求，即富裕国家提供更多资金，帮助它们转向更清洁的能源、适应变暖的世界，并修复由气候驱动的破坏。
"It is now plain for everyone to see that if we depend on energy we do not control, then we leave ourselves exposed to prices we cannot control," he said. "The shift to clean energy is the only route to energy security." Developing countries reiterated requests that they have made during many years of UN talks for rich countries to provide more finance to help them shift to cleaner energy, adapt to a warming world, and repair climate-driven destruction.
世界自然基金会（WWF）气候政策负责人费尔南达·德·卡瓦略表示，他觉得各国领导人的讲话令人失望，特别是因为COP31是科学家公开表示世界将突破1.5摄氏度阈值以来的首次联合国会议。
Fernanda de Carvalho, the head of climate policy for the World Wildlife Fund environmental group, said he found the leaders' speeches underwhelming, especially as COP31 is the first UN conference since scientists have publicly said the world is set to breach the 1.5C threshold.
他说：“令人担忧的是，气候问题在全球政治议程上的位置并没有达到它应有的高度。”
"It is worrying that the climate issue is not as high on the global political agenda as it needs to be," he said.