美联社 报道，世界领导人将于周三在土耳其举行的联合国气候变化大会上开始正式讨论，旨在就遏制全球变暖的具体行动达成一致。此前一年发生了致命洪水、热浪及其他气候相关灾害。
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS World leaders will begin formal discussions Wednesday at the United Nations climate change conference in Turkey, hoping to agree on concrete actions to curb global warming after a year of deadly floods , heat waves and other climate-related disasters.
但被称为第31届缔约方会议（COP31）的这次会谈能取得什么成果、将取得什么成果，仍是未知数。以往会谈因作出的承诺后来落空而受到批评。
But what can and will be accomplished at the Conference of the Parties, called COP31, remains to be seen. Past talks have been criticized for making promises that later fell flat.
虽然2023年迪拜会议的代表们同意逐步摆脱煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料——气候变化的主要推手——但随后在阿塞拜疆和巴西举行的会议在减排方面几乎未达成共识。去年巴西会议达成妥协协议，承诺提供额外资金帮助脆弱国家适应气候变化。
While delegates at the 2023 conference in Dubai agreed to transition away from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas — the leading contributor to climate change — subsequent conferences in Azerbaijan and Brazil ended with little agreement on reductions. Last year’s Brazil conference produced a compromise agreement pledging additional money to help vulnerable nations adapt to climate change.
今年会议由土耳其主办、澳大利亚牵头谈判，于周一正式拉开帷幕，当时外界担心世界行动不够迅速。
This year’s conference — Turkey is hosting and Australia is leading negotiations — officially kicked off Monday amid fears that the world is not moving quickly enough.
科学家表示，全球变暖很可能超过工业化前水平（19世纪初）1.5摄氏度（2.7华氏度）。将升温限制在这一阈值内是2015年《巴黎协定》设定的目标，一直是国际谈判的焦点。
Scientists say global warming is likely to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above the preindustrial levels of the early 1800s. Limiting temperature rise to that threshold was a goal set during the 2015 Paris Agreement and has been a focus of international negotiations.
会谈之际，伊朗战争推高了全球汽油、石油及以此为原料的化肥、农药等产品价格。这迫使各国重新思考能源政策和对风能、太阳能等可再生能源的投资。
The talks also come as the war in Iran has increased global prices of gasoline, oil and products made with them, such as fertilizers and pesticides. That has pushed governments to rethink energy policies and investment in renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
“我们不需要更多承诺，我们需要计划，”美国前国务卿、前总统气候特使约翰·克里表示，但美国作为仅次于中国的世界第二大污染国，已连续第二年明显缺席。
“We don’t need more promises, we need plans,” said John Kerry, former U.S. secretary of state and former presidential climate envoy, though the U.S. itself, the world’s second-largest polluter after China , is noticeably absent for the second year in a row .
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普曾称气候变化是骗局，他针对海上风电项目并取消了限制发电厂排放的规定。
U.S. President Donald Trump, who has called climate change a hoax, has targeted offshore wind projects and removed rules limiting power plant emissions .