卡里姆·切海耶布 贝鲁特报道 — 一次针对加沙地带南部最大医院的致命空袭，凸显了以色列过去三年军事行动给巴勒斯坦领土医疗体系造成的毁灭性破坏。
KAREEM CHEHAYEB BEIRUT — A deadly airstrike on the biggest hospital in the southern Gaza Strip highlighted the devastation that Israel’s campaign has wreaked on the Palestinian territory’s healthcare system over the past three years.
袭击击中纳赛尔医院的外科病房，造成六人死亡，其中包括一名外科医生和一名13岁男孩，手术室和病房严重受损。以色列军方称，其目标是一名利用医院作为基地的哈马斯指挥官，但未提供证据支持这一说法。
The strike that hit Nasser Hospital’s surgical wing killed six people, including a surgeon and a 13-year-old boy, and heavily damaged operating rooms and patient wards. The Israeli military said it targeted a Hamas commander using the hospital as a base, though it did not provide evidence for the claim.
尽管与哈马斯达成的停火协议于2025年10月生效，以色列仍在加沙实施近乎每日的空袭。以色列称其打击目标为武装分子。以色列发动加沙军事行动，是为报复哈马斯2023年10月对以色列南部发动的致命袭击。
Israel has carried out near daily strikes in Gaza despite a ceasefire agreement with Hamas that took effect in October 2025. Israel says it is targeting militants. Israel launched its campaign in Gaza in retaliation for Hamas’ deadly October 2023 attack on southern Israel.
在停火期间，直接袭击医院的情况变得罕见。但周四的空袭凸显，加沙的医疗体系仍在艰难恢复中。
Direct attacks on hospitals have become rarer during the truce. But Thursday’s strike underscored how Gaza’s health system is still struggling to recover.
以下梳理以色列对医院的袭击、其对哈马斯的指控，以及对加沙医疗体系的影响。
Here is a look at Israel’s attacks on hospitals, its accusations against Hamas and the impact on Gaza’s healthcare system.
在整场战争期间，以色列军队围困加沙地带多家医院，往往将其包围数周，在患者和医护人员被困内部、物资耗尽的情况下，对医院实施猛烈空袭和枪击。一些围困以部队冲入医院告终，往往导致医疗设备被毁，或迫使医护人员和患者撤离。部队拘留了数百名医护人员。
The Israeli military besieged multiple hospitals around Gaza throughout the war, often surrounding them for weeks and battering them with strikes and gunfire while patients and staff were trapped inside and supplies ran out. Some sieges ended with troops storming hospitals, often leaving medical equipment destroyed, or with staff and patients forced to evacuate. Troops detained hundreds of healthcare workers.
两次大规模突袭令加沙城的希法医院——该领土最大的医院——沦为废墟。
Two major raids left Gaza City’s Shifa Hospital, the territory’s largest, in ruins.
除围困外，医院和其他医疗设施频繁遭以色列炮火攻击或空袭，军方称目标为哈马斯武装分子。在最艰难的几个月里，加沙战前36家医院中仅有14家仍在运转，药品短缺导致病人因无止痛药而痛苦呻吟，致命感染肆虐。
Aside from the sieges, hospitals and other medical facilities have frequently come under Israeli fire or been hit by airstrikes that the military says target Hamas militants. During some of the worst months, as few as 14 of Gaza’s 36 prewar hospitals were functioning, and shortages of medicine meant patients writhed in pain without painkillers and deadly infections ran rampant.
世界卫生组织表示，已记录加沙地带医疗设施遭受的袭击超过 1,050 起，造成 1,000 多人死亡。联合国称，战争中有 1,700 多名医务人员丧生，其中包括在医疗设施以外地点遭袭身亡者。据记录在案的羁押虐待情况，权利团体称，至少六名来自加沙的医务人员（包括三名知名医生）死于以色列监狱。
The World Health Organization says it has documented more than 1,050 attacks on health facilities in Gaza, causing more than 1,000 deaths. The U.N. says more than 1,700 medical personnel were killed in the war, including in strikes away from medical facilities. At least six medical staffers from Gaza, including three prominent doctors, have died in Israeli prisons, according to rights groups that have documented abuses in custody.
以色列军队多次袭击纳赛尔医院。2025 年，军方炮击医院屋顶记者使用的观察点，造成 22 人死亡，随后又袭击赶往救助伤者的救援人员和记者。遇难者中包括五名记者，其中有为美联社工作的玛丽亚姆·达加。
Israeli forces have struck Nasser Hospital repeatedly. In 2025, the military killed 22 people when it shelled a vantage point used by reporters on the hospital roof , then hit rescue workers and journalists rushing to help the wounded. Among those killed were five journalists, including Mariam Dagga , who was working with The Associated Press.
联合国表示，虽然停火期间的袭击有所减少，但近几个月仍有一些袭击损坏了医疗设施。
While attacks during the ceasefire have waned, some strikes in recent months have damaged medical facilities, according to the U.N.
以色列试图为袭击辩护，指责哈马斯将医院用作指挥和控制中心，但提供的证据有限。巴勒斯坦和医院官员否认这些指控。哈马斯安保人员有时会出现在医院，控制某些区域的出入。
Israel has sought to justify the assaults by accusing Hamas of using the hospitals as command-and-control centers, though it has provided limited evidence. Palestinian and hospital officials have denied these claims. Hamas security men have sometimes been seen in hospitals, controlling access to certain areas.
国际医疗援助组织“无国界医生”因医院内出现蒙面武装人员，以及患者被捕或受到恐吓的情况，于 1 月暂停了在纳赛尔医院的大部分行动。几个月后，该组织在与加沙当局会谈后，以“实质性改善”为由恢复了行动，改善内容包括限制武装人员进入。
The international medical aid group Doctors Without Borders suspended most operations at Nasser Hospital in January because of the presence of masked armed men and situations in which patients were arrested or intimidated. It resumed operations a few months later, citing “concrete improvements” after talks with Gaza authorities, including restrictions on entry of armed individuals.
以色列军方周四称，在纳赛尔医院一案中，其打击目标是穆罕默德·阿布·伊斯梅尔，军方称其领导哈马斯汗尤尼斯旅，并将该设施作为策划袭击的总部。
In the case of Nasser Hospital, the Israeli military said Thursday that it was targeting Muhammad Abu Ismail, who it said headed Hamas’ Khan Younis Brigade and had been using the facility as a headquarters for planning attacks.
以色列军方未解释为何将该医院的外科病房作为打击目标。空袭冲毁了患者康复区，摧毁了手术室和医生休息区。
It did not explain why the hospital’s surgical unit was targeted. The strike smashed through a patient recovery area and wrecked operating rooms and a rest area for doctors.
军方未说明是否击毙了阿布·伊斯梅尔。医院的遇难者名单中没有他的名字。根据国际人道法，医院受保护，袭击医院属于战争罪行。
The military did not say whether it had killed Abu Ismail. He was not on the hospital’s list of people killed. Hospitals are protected under international humanitarian law and attacking them is a war crime.
如果医疗设施被用于军事目的“实施危害敌方的行为”，可能会失去受保护地位。但1949年通过的《日内瓦公约》规定，在任何袭击前必须发出警告并给予合理的时间，且袭击必须与军事威胁成比例，并采取措施避免平民伤亡。
Medical facilities can lose that protected status if they are used for military purposes “to commit acts harmful to the enemy.”But the Geneva Conventions, passed in 1949, say there must be a warning with a reasonable period of time before any attack, and that the attack must be proportional to the military threat and take care to avoid civilian casualties.
以色列军方称，在周四空袭前曾与加沙卫生官员举行过“警告对话”，内容涉及武装分子利用医院的问题。军方表示，已明确告知“如果活动不停止，将采取行动消除其构成的威胁”。医疗组织和人权团体还批评以色列限制医疗援助和设备进入加沙，违反了国际法。以色列军方称允许援助进入加沙，但禁止部分其认定可能用于军事用途的“两用”物品。
The Israeli military said it had held “warning conversations” with Gaza health officials before Thursday’s strike regarding militant use of hospitals. It said it made clear that “if the activity was not halted, it would act to remove the threats posed by it.”Medical organizations and rights groups also have criticized Israel’s restrictions on medical aid and equipment entering Gaza as a violation of international law. The Israeli military says it allows aid to enter Gaza but bars some “dual use” items it asserts could be used for military purposes.
以色列的袭击加上援助限制，导致加沙医疗体系陷入瘫痪。加沙战前的36家医院中，有20家仍在运作，但没有一家完全具备运作能力。
Israel’s attacks, along with restrictions on aid, have left Gaza’s healthcare system in ruins. Twenty of Gaza’s 36 pre-war hospitals are functioning, though none is fully operational.
战争大部分时间里，其中一些医院除了急救几乎无法提供其他服务，却要应对大量伤员。因燃料短缺，它们难以维持灯光和设备运转。
During much of the war, some of those hospitals offered little beyond first aid even as they dealt with scores of wounded people. They struggled to keep lights and equipment functioning because of fuel shortages.
停火协议为援助组织和卫生部争取到了喘息空间，使部分服务得以恢复运转。但由于以色列对物资入境的限制或审批缓慢，该部门仍面临药品、物资和设备短缺的困境。世界卫生组织在9月30日的一份报告中指出，47%的基本药物处于断货状态，实验室耗材、医疗设备、备件和燃料的短缺阻碍了卫生工作的开展。
The ceasefire deal has given aid groups and the Health Ministry breathing room to get some services functioning again. But the sector continues to suffer from Israel’s restrictions on entry or slow approvals for medicines, supplies and equipment. The World Health Organization said in a Sept. 30 report that 47% of essential medicines were out of stock and that shortages in lab supplies, medical equipment, spare parts and fuel hampered health work.
与此同时，医院和诊所努力为几乎人人无家可归、160多万人生活在帐篷或其他简陋庇护所中的民众提供治疗。传染病和感染广泛流行，数千人因战争留下了改变一生的创伤。
At the same time, hospitals and clinics struggle to treat a population where almost everyone has lost their homes and more than 1.6 million live in tents or other ramshackle shelters. Communicable diseases and infections are widespread, and thousands have life-changing wounds from the war.