梅图拉，以色列 —— 以色列人将于周二前往投票站，面临的问题远不止于本雅明·内塔尼亚胡是否应继续担任总理：谁能重建一个饱经三年战火摧残的国家，恢复对领导层的信心，并治愈撕裂以色列社会的深层裂痕？
METULA, Israel — Israelis head to the polls Tuesday facing a question that goes beyond whether Benjamin Netanyahu should remain prime minister: who can rebuild a country battered by three years of war, restore confidence in its leadership and heal the deep divisions tearing Israeli society apart?
从黎巴嫩边境的困境社区到加沙边境仍受创伤的基布兹，选民们正在权衡以色列未来的不同愿景 —— 有人要求政府加大投入并对10月7日事件负责，也有人认为内塔尼亚胡带来了军事胜利，让犹太国家更加安全。
From the struggling communities along the Lebanese border to the still-traumatized kibbutzim near Gaza, voters are weighing competing visions of Israel’s future — with some demanding greater government investment and accountability for Oct. 7, while others credit Netanyahu with delivering the military victories that have made the Jewish state safer.
“三年的恐惧改变了民众，我们需要给他们带来大量希望，”上加利利地区委员会主席阿萨夫·伦格莱本说，他计划投票给由前以色列国防军参谋长加迪·艾森科特领导的中间派“雅沙尔党”，该党是内塔尼亚胡领导的右翼利库德集团的主要反对挑战者。
“Three years of fear has changed the people and we need to give them a lot of hope,” said Asaf Lengleben, head of the Upper Galilee Regional Council, who plans to vote for the centrist Yashar party led by former IDF chief Gadi Eisenkot, the main opposition challenger to Netanyahu’s right-wing Likud party.
2023年10月7日后，真主党开始发动袭击，数千名居民逃离黎巴嫩边境家园，尽管以色列军方成功削弱了这个恐怖组织，但许多人至今尚未返回。
Thousands of residents fled their homes near the Lebanese border after Hezbollah began launching attacks following Oct. 7, 2023, and many have yet to return despite the Israeli military’s success in weakening the terror group.
“人们不想回来。他们仍然害怕真主党，”伦格莱本说。“他们感到孤立无援，决定离开。一些人决定暂时离开，另一些人决定长期离开。”伦格莱本表示，自战争爆发以来，其辖区内返回的有子女家庭不足1000户。
“People didn’t want to come back. They’re still afraid of Hezbollah,” Lengleben said. “They feel alone and they decided to leave. Some decided to leave temporarily. Others decided to leave for a long time.”Lengleben said fewer than 1,000 families with children have returned to communities in his region since the war began.
人口外流造成沉重经济损失，旅游业崩溃，企业难以吸引顾客和工人。在上加利利主要城市基里亚特-什莫纳，店铺关门歇业、入学人数锐减，使恢复正常生活的努力变得更加复杂。
The exodus has taken a heavy economic toll, with tourism collapsing and businesses struggling to attract customers and workers. In Kiryat Shmona, the Upper Galilee’s main urban center, shuttered storefronts and diminished school enrollment have complicated efforts to restore normal life.
“如果你想强化我们的地区，你就得给我们修铁路，你得建设基础设施，”伦格莱本说。“这是钱的问题。政府帮助我们的能力关乎资金。”内塔尼亚胡政府已批准重建措施，包括拨款将特尔海学院改建为基里亚特什莫纳大学，但伦格莱本认为需要更持续的投资。
“If you want to strengthen our region, you have to build us a train, you need to build infrastructure,” Lengleben said. “It’s about money. The ability of the government to assist us is about money.”The Netanyahu government has approved reconstruction measures, including funding to transform Tel-Hai Academic College into the University of Kiryat Shmona, but Lengleben argues that more sustained investment is needed.
来自伊夫塔赫基布兹的达妮埃拉·波拉特-彭索（Daniella Porat-Penso，59岁）认为，军队极大地改善了北部边境的安全局势，她回忆在10月7日之前曾在围栏附近看到真主党旗帜。
Daniella Porat-Penso, 59, of Kibbutz Yiftah, credits the military with dramatically improving security along the northern border, where she recalled seeing Hezbollah flags near the fence before Oct. 7.
“我们不得不投入大量力量、军队、资金和人力将他们推回去，现在我们不再受到威胁，”她说。“我感到安全。”不过，波拉特-彭索正在权衡是投票给艾森科特领导的中间派“雅沙尔党”，还是投票给亚伊尔·戈兰领导的左翼“民主党人”，她认为新的政治领导层能给该地区带来急需的提振。
“We had to use a significant amount of strength, of army, of funds, of manpower to push them back, and we’re not threatened now,” she said. “I feel safe.”Still, Porat-Penso, who is weighing a vote for either Eisenkot’s centrist Yashar party or Yair Golan’s left-wing Democrats, believes new political leadership could give the region a much-needed lift.
“我认为北部将从政府更迭中受益，”她说。“这很大程度上关乎信心，关乎你回家或在该地区四处走动时的感受。”然而，对政治变革的渴望并不一定意味着完全否定内塔尼亚胡的执政记录。
“I think the north will benefit from a change in government,” she said. “It’s a lot about confidence, what you feel when you go to your house or ride around the area.”Yet the desire for political change does not necessarily translate into outright rejection of Netanyahu’s record.
埃隆·巴德尔（Eylon Bader，37岁）在加沙作战约一年，约18个月前从特拉维夫搬到北部的内奥特莫德哈伊基布兹，他视内塔尼亚胡为现代最具影响力的犹太领袖之一——将其历史地位比作圣经中的大卫王和所罗门王。
Eylon Bader, 37, who spent roughly a year fighting in Gaza and moved from Tel Aviv to the northern kibbutz of Neot Mordechai about 18 months ago, considers Netanyahu one of the most consequential Jewish leaders of modern times — comparing his historical importance to that of the biblical kings David and Solomon.
但巴德尔计划支持前国防部长阿维格多·利伯曼，理由是内塔尼亚胡已成为撕裂国家的政治分歧中的核心人物。
But Bader plans to support former Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman, saying Netanyahu has become a central figure in the political divisions gripping the country.
“问题不在于左右派，也不在于建不建立巴勒斯坦国，”他说，“而在于是要内塔尼亚胡还是不要内塔尼亚胡。”巴德尔最担心的是许多极端正统派犹太男性享有的免除兵役特权，这是一个争议性问题，因为预备役士兵不得不忍受反复征召。“这是犹太教，这对社会是可怕的，”他说。
“It’s not about right or left. It’s not about a Palestinian state or not,” he said. “It’s about yes Netanyahu or no Netanyahu.”Bader’s biggest concern is the exemption from military service enjoyed by many ultra-Orthodox Jewish men, a contentious issue as reservists have endured repeated deployments. “It’s not Judaism. It’s terrible for society,” he said.
退役以色列国防军上校科比·马罗姆对内塔尼亚胡的领导力进行了严厉抨击，认为总理应对哈马斯10月7日大屠杀周围的失败负有个人责任。
Retired IDF Col. Kobi Marom delivered a blistering assessment of Netanyahu’s leadership, holding the prime minister personally accountable for the failures surrounding Hamas’ Oct. 7 massacre.
“我认为内塔尼亚胡及其政府对10月7日这个可怕的日子发生的事情、这个国家有史以来最大的灾难，负有完全责任，”他说，“我们必须查清这是怎么发生的、为什么发生。”马罗姆还猛烈抨击了政府与卡塔尔的关系，他称卡塔尔为“敌对国家”，以及政府继续支持抵制征兵的极端正统派政党，称这些是选民面临的核心问题。
“I think Netanyahu and his government are totally responsible for what happened on this terrible Oct. 7, the biggest disaster this country ever had,” he said. “We must check how and why this has happened.”Marom also blasted the government’s relationship with Qatar, which he called “an enemy country,” and its continued support for ultra-Orthodox parties resisting military conscription, describing them as central issues confronting voters.
他计划投票给加迪·艾森科特的“雅沙尔”党，并指出他曾与这位前以色列国防军参谋长共事，视其为亲密私人朋友。在加沙边境，战争的创伤依然极其个人化。
He plans to vote for Gadi Eisenkot’s Yashar party, noting that he served alongside the former IDF chief of staff and considers him a close personal friend. Along the Gaza border, the wounds of the war remain intensely personal.
内蒂夫哈阿萨拉的希拉·芬隆，48岁，其伴侣的表亲伊登·耶鲁沙尔米是哈马斯在囚禁中杀害的六名以色列人质之一，她认为内塔尼亚胡对人质危机的处理是一场超越军事判断的失败。“你可以原谅专业上的失败，但不能原谅道德上的失败，”她说。
Hila Fenlon, 48, of Netiv HaAsara, whose partner’s cousin Eden Yerushalmi was among six Israeli hostages murdered by Hamas in captivity, sees Netanyahu’s handling of the hostage crisis as a failure extending beyond military judgment. “You can forgive a professional failure. You cannot forgive a moral failure,” she said.
但也有人认为，内塔尼亚胡的战时领导力正是其执政联盟应继续执政的理由。
But others believe Netanyahu’s wartime leadership is precisely why his governing coalition should remain in power.
耶路撒冷母亲希拉·费尔伯特，46岁，六个孩子的母亲，计划投票给财政部长贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇的宗教锡安主义党，她说她根据政客的行动而非竞选言论来评判他们。
Shira Felbert, 46, a Jerusalem mother of six who plans to vote for Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich’s Religious Zionist Party, said she judges politicians by their actions rather than their campaign rhetoric.
“在这个政府领导下，以色列在面对敌人时变得强大得多：真主党弱得多，伊朗知道以色列会采取行动，”她说。
“Under this government, Israel has become much stronger against its enemies: Hezbollah is far weaker, and Iran knows Israel will act,” she said.
费尔伯特表示，她认为内塔尼亚胡最终应该被取代，但目前看不到令人信服的替代人选。
Felbert said she believes Netanyahu should eventually be replaced, but sees no convincing alternative at present.
“对我来说，强大不是目标，”她说。“它是让以色列的一位母亲拥有基本确定性的东西，即她可以在这里安全地抚养孩子。” 此次选举将决定以色列120席议会（克内塞特）的组成，组建执政联盟需要获得61席的多数。
“For me, strength is not the goal,” she said. “It’s what gives a mother in Israel the basic certainty that she can raise her children here in safety.”The election will determine the makeup of Israel’s 120-seat Knesset, where a governing coalition needs a majority of 61 seats.
最近的民调指向选民分裂，内塔尼亚胡的盟友和反对派均无把握获得足够席位，在不经过艰难谈判的情况下组建政府。
Recent polling has pointed to a fragmented electorate, with neither Netanyahu’s allies nor the opposition assured of enough seats to form a government without difficult negotiations.
前国家安全顾问察希·哈内比是内塔尼亚胡的长期盟友，他表示，这次竞选异常平淡，与过去几年激烈的政治斗争形成鲜明对比。
Former national security adviser Tzachi Hanegbi, a longtime Netanyahu ally, said the election campaign has been unusually subdued, a striking contrast to the fiery political battles of years past.
“到目前为止，看起来，我要说……这是一场沉闷的选举，”他在以色列外国记者协会组织的一次会议上说。“我记得选举。成千上万的人聚集在街头，为右派游行，为左派游行。但这不是一场激烈的选举。” 哈内比将这种低迷的氛围归因于多年的政治动荡，从因司法改革引发的大规模示威，到人质危机的痛苦和长期战争。
“So far it looks, I would say … it’s a sleepy election,” he said during a meeting organized by the Foreign Press Club of Israel. “I remember elections. Hundreds of thousands of people gathering in the streets, marching for the right, marching for the left. But this is not a burning election.”Hanegbi attributed the muted atmosphere to years of political turmoil, from mass demonstrations over judicial reform to the anguish of the hostage crisis and the prolonged war.
“我认为存在某种政治疲劳，”他说。“希望这不是冷漠的迹象，而是成熟的迹象。” 然而，对于从黎巴嫩边境到加沙前线的选民来说，赌注依然迫在眉睫：以色列的下一届政府能否将军事成果转化为更持久的东西——繁荣的社区、更强劲的经济和一个不再四分五裂的国家。
“I think there’s some kind of politics fatigue,” he said. “Hopefully it’s not a sign of apathy, but a sign of maturity.”For voters from the Lebanese border to the Gaza frontier, however, the stakes remain immediate: whether Israel’s next government can turn military achievements into something more lasting — thriving communities, a stronger economy and a country less divided against itself.
“这是一个了不起的地方。这里有了不起的社区，了不起的人。这是一个美丽的地方，”波拉特-彭索谈到加利利时说。“为什么人们不应该来呢？”
“It’s an amazing place. It has amazing communities, amazing people. It’s a beautiful place,” Porat-Penso said of the Galilee. “Why shouldn’t people come?”