欧元区银行在第三季度收紧了信贷条件，并报告称贷款需求减弱，这支持了欧洲央行对进一步加息持谨慎态度。
Euro-zone banks tightened credit conditions and reported waning demand for loans in the third quarter, supporting the European Central Bank’s caution on raising interest rates further.
欧洲央行表示，风险感知增强和贷款机构风险承受能力下降仍是收紧借贷标准的主要驱动因素。一些银行看到了来自地缘政治不确定性和能源市场波动的压力上升。
Heightened risk perceptions and a lower tolerance for risk among lenders remained the main drivers of tougher borrowing standards, the ECB said. Some banks saw rising pressure from geopolitical uncertainty and volatile energy markets.
根据欧洲央行周二发布的《银行贷款调查》，“贷款需求主要受到总体利率水平的抑制”。“中小企业固定投资需求疲软以及转向替代融资来源也对贷款需求产生了轻微拖累。”这份调查在为期两天的货币政策会议前夕出炉，届时欧洲央行预计将维持利率不变。尽管通胀率几乎是2%目标的两倍，且经济表现出了韧性，但长期债券收益率近期的飙升正在增加逆风因素，其中包括伊朗战争。
“Loan demand was primarily dampened by the general level of interest rates,” according to the ECB’s Bank Lending Survey, published Tuesday. “Weaker demand for fixed investment among small and medium-sized enterprises and the move toward alternative sources of finance also weighed slightly on loan demand.”The poll arrives on the eve of a two-day monetary-policy meeting where the ECB is expected to keep rates on hold. While inflation is almost double the 2% target and the economy has proved resilient, the recent jump in long-term bond yields is adding to headwinds including the Iran war.
银行贷款在推动经济活动方面发挥着关键作用，尤其是对企业投资，同时也充当货币政策如何影响增长的早期指标。自6月以来，欧洲央行已两次上调借贷成本，将存款利率提升至被认为对经济具有中性影响的区间上限。
Bank lending plays a key role in driving activity, especially for corporate investment, and also acts as an early indicator of how monetary policy is affecting growth. The ECB has lifted borrowing costs twice since June, bringing the deposit rate to the upper limit of a range deemed to have a neutral effect on the economy.
欧洲央行周一发布的一份单独报告显示，企业认为信贷成本变得更高，贷款可获得性下降的程度超过了其需求。
A separate ECB report on Monday found firms saw credit becoming more expensive and loan availability declining by more than their needs.
周二的报告还显示，由于欧洲央行资产组合的缩减，过去一年对银行的市场融资条件和流动性状况产生了“轻微负面影响”。
Tuesday’s report also revealed a “mildly negative impact” on banks’ market financing conditions and liquidity positions over the last year due to the reduction in the ECB’s asset portfolio.
“由于净利息收入增加部分被少量资本损失抵消，对银行盈利能力的影响略微为正，”报告称。“银行预计这些影响将在未来12个月内持续。”欧洲央行表示，银行看到用于为人工智能基础设施融资的贷款需求逐渐但持续地增加。
“The impact on bank profitability has been slightly positive, with higher net interest income being partially offset by small capital losses,” it said. “Banks expect these effects to persist over the coming 12 months.”The ECB said banks saw a gradual but sustained increase in demand for loans to finance infrastructure for artificial intelligence.
“大多数银行表示，尚未在其信贷标准中引入针对人工智能相关贷款的具体量化评估标准，”报告称。“少数银行指出，人工智能的采用及其相关风险在定性借款人评估中占据的比重日益增加，信息技术公司受到的审查最为严格。”
“Most reported that they had not yet introduced specific quantitative criteria for assessing AI-related lending within their credit standards,” it said. “A small number noted that AI adoption and its associated risks increasingly feature in qualitative borrower assessments, with IT firms subject to the closest scrutiny.”