前以色列总理纳夫塔利·贝内特和前国防部长阿维格多·利伯曼的政治演变，表明本雅明·内塔尼亚胡如何使以色列极化。
The political evolutions of Naftali Bennett, a former prime minister, and Avigdor Liberman, a former defense minister, are indicative of how Benjamin Netanyahu has polarized Israel.
以色列军方前参谋长加迪·艾森科特，很可能会在周二举行的关键全国选举中，获得希望接替总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡的人中得票最多的一位。
Gadi Eisenkot, a former chief of staff for Israel’s military, will likely get the most votes of those hoping to succeed Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a pivotal national election on Tuesday.
但这并不意味着只有艾森科特先生能够领导一个推翻这位长期领导人的政府。
But that doesn’t mean that only Mr. Eisenkot could lead a government that unseats the longtime leader.
取决于以色列复杂的联合组建过程如何发展，至少还有两位资深政客也可能发现自己正在争夺总理之位：强硬右翼前国防部长阿维格多·利伯曼，以及曾任总理、一直强烈支持以色列在约旦河西岸定居点的纳夫塔利·贝内特。
Depending on how Israel’s complex coalition-building process shakes out, at least two other veteran politicians could also find themselves vying for the prime minister’s chair: Avigdor Liberman, a hard-right former defense minister, and Naftali Bennett, a onetime prime minister who has fiercely argued in favor of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
近几个月的民意调查显示，贝内特先生的政党将在以色列120个议席的议会（即议会）中获得大约十几个席位，而利伯曼先生的政党将获得接近八个席位。（根据选前民调，艾森科特先生的政党可能获得超过20个席位。）贝内特先生和利伯曼先生的政治演变，提供了一个案例，说明内塔尼亚胡先生在其长期执政期间如何使以色列极化。这两个人本应是总理的理想政治伙伴，因为他们与他有许多共同的鹰派观点。两人过去都曾担任内塔尼亚胡先生的顾问，甚至为他竞选助威。
Opinion polls in recent months have suggested that Mr. Bennett’s party will secure around a dozen seats in Israel’s 120-member parliament, or Knesset, while Mr. Liberman’s will collect closer to eight. (Mr. Eisenkot’s party could rack up over 20 seats, according to pre-election polls.) The political evolutions of Mr. Bennett and Mr. Liberman offer a case study in how Mr. Netanyahu has polarized Israel during his long tenure. The two men should be ideal political partners with the prime minister, as they share many of his hawkish views. Both have worked as advisers to Mr. Netanyahuin the past and even campaigned on his behalf.
然而，他们早已与这位以色列领导人决裂，并现在指责他腐败、滥用职权，以及为了继续掌权而愿意与极端分子达成交易。内塔尼亚胡先生目前正在三个相互关联但独立的腐败案件中受审；他否认所有不当行为。
Yet they have long since broken with the Israeli leader, and now accuse him of corruption, abuses of power and a willingness to cut deals with extremists in order to remain in charge. Mr. Netanyahu is currently on trial for corruption in three separate but interlocking cases; he has denied all wrongdoing.
利伯曼是以色列政坛的老将，出生于前苏联，领导右翼政党“以色列我们的家园”。他的支持基础主要是数十万同样从前共产主义集团国家移民到以色列的俄语犹太人。
A veteran of Israeli politics, Mr. Liberman was born in the Soviet Union and leads the right-wing Yisrael Beitenu party. His base is among the hundreds of thousands of Russian-speaking Jews who similarly emigrated to Israel from the former Communist bloc.
利伯曼居住在西岸定居点诺克迪姆，在安全问题上持强硬立场。在加沙战争期间，他曾一度呼吁以色列停止向加沙地带的巴勒斯坦人提供一切援助，包括供水，即使该地区正面临人道主义危机。
Mr. Liberman lives in the West Bank settlement of Nokdim, and takes a hard-line view on security issues. At one point during the war in Gaza, Mr. Liberman called for Israel to halt all aid, including water, to Palestinians there, even as the enclave faced a humanitarian crisis.
贝内特于2021年至2022年担任以色列总理，这是自2009年以来内塔尼亚胡执政期间唯一的中断。尽管他的政党在前一次选举中只赢得议会七个席位，但贝内特利用反对派推翻内塔尼亚胡的意愿，从“造王者”变成了“国王”。
Mr. Bennett served as prime minister from 2021 to 2022, during the sole hiatus in Mr. Netanyahu’s premiership since 2009. Though his party secured only seven seats in parliament in the preceding election, Mr. Bennett leveraged the opposition’s desire to unseat Mr. Netanyahu and he went from being kingmaker to king.
然而，在任期间，贝内特领导的是一个脆弱且意识形态不一的联盟，涵盖了从他领导的右翼政党“雅米纳”到代表以色列阿拉伯公民的伊斯兰政党“拉阿姆”的各个派别。他的许多选民认为他与左翼和阿拉伯政党联手是背叛，随着部分议员倒戈，他的政府垮台了。
In office, however, Mr. Bennett presided over a fragile, ideologically discordant coalition that ranged from his right-wing Yamina party to Raam, an Islamist party of Arab citizens of Israel. Many of his voters saw his decision to join with left-wing and Arab parties as a betrayal, and as some of his own lawmakers defected, his government collapsed.
如今，贝内特与中间派人士亚伊尔·拉皮德结盟参选，拉皮德曾在反内塔尼亚胡政府中接替他担任总理。除了举办大型竞选集会，贝内特还发布了自己在街头和咖啡馆、餐馆餐桌旁与右翼选民进行长时间即兴辩论的视频。
Now, Mr. Bennett is running in alliance with Yair Lapid, a centrist who succeeded him as prime minister in the anti-Netanyahu government. In addition to holding large campaign rallies, Mr. Bennett has released videos of himself holding lengthy, impromptu debates with right-wing voters in the streets and around cafe and restaurant tables.
在这次选举中，利伯曼和贝内特都将竞选信息的大部分集中在以色列的极端正统派少数群体上。
In this election, both Mr. Liberman and Mr. Bennett have focused much of their campaign messaging on Israel’s ultra-Orthodox minority.
极端正统派人口占以色列总人口的14%，且增长迅速，他们获得的国家福利远多于缴纳的税收，这很大程度上要归功于内塔尼亚胡，他依赖极端正统派的支持来维持执政地位。
The ultra-Orthodox population is 14 percent of Israel’s total but growing rapidly, and they receive far more state benefits than they contribute in taxes, thanks largely to Mr. Netanyahu, who has relied on their support to stay in power.
极端正统派宗教学生也基本免除强制兵役义务。在加沙战争期间，宗教以色列人和世俗以色列人都对他们眼中一个强大的少数群体逃避战时负担感到愤怒。
Ultra-Orthodox religious students are also largely exempt from mandatory military service. During the war in Gaza, religious and secular Israelis alike were furious at what they saw as a powerful minority shirking the wartime burden.
贝内特承诺结束他所谓的极端正统派“国中之国”，并强迫他们参与国民服役。
Mr. Bennett has promised to end what he calls an ultra-Orthodox “state within a state” and compel them to participate in national service.
利伯曼则猛烈抨击他所谓的极端正统派政治推动，即“让我们送子女参军、服预备役、工作和纳税，而他们却建立自己的国家”。他指责他们“试图拆解国家”。亚伦·博克斯曼是《纽约时报》驻以色列和加沙记者，常驻耶路撒冷。
Mr. Liberman, for his part, has inveighed against what he calls an ultra-Orthodox political push for “us to send our children to the army, to do reserve duty, to work, and pay taxes, while they build their own state.”He has accused them of “trying to dismantle the country.”Aaron Boxerman is a Times reporter covering Israel and Gaza. He is based in Jerusalem.