美国将把数十名阿富汗人遣返回国，尽管他们可能面临迫害特朗普政府计划用飞机把这些阿富汗移民从路易斯安那州送往巴基斯坦，预计他们会被从边境驱逐回阿富汗。
U.S. to Send Dozens Back to Afghanistan, Despite Risk of Persecution The Trump administration plans to fly the Afghan immigrants from Louisiana to Pakistan, where they are expected to be expelled over the border to Afghanistan.
据三名美国官员透露，特朗普政府在路易斯安那州拘留了数十名阿富汗移民，并计划将他们驱逐到阿富汗。这批人中包括可能在塔利班统治下遭受歧视或迫害的人，例如曾协助美军的阿富汗人的亲属，以及至少一名男同性恋者。
The Trump administration has detained dozens of Afghan immigrants in Louisiana and plans to deport them to Afghanistan, according to three U.S. officials. The group includes people who could face discrimination or persecution under the Taliban, including relatives of people who helped the U.S. military and at least one gay man.
一名官员表示，预计将有超过150名阿富汗移民被驱逐出境，这将成为规模最大的阿富汗人集体驱逐行动之一。
More than 150 Afghan immigrants are expected to be deported, one official said, making this one of the largest single expulsions of Afghans.
通过将他们送往巴基斯坦——再由巴基斯坦将他们送往阿富汗——特朗普政府找到了一条途径，绕开了迄今为止阻止弱势阿富汗人被送回、面对塔利班镇压或报复的种种障碍。
By sending them to Pakistan — which would then send them to Afghanistan — the Trump administration has found a way around the hurdles that have so far prevented vulnerable Afghans from being sent back to face repression or retaliation by the Taliban.
由于与塔利班没有外交关系，美国无法安排向阿富汗的驱逐。而且一些居住在美国的阿富汗人获得了美国法官给予的法律保护，这些保护使他们免于被送回阿富汗，因为他们在塔利班政府下很可能面临迫害。
Lacking diplomatic relations with the Taliban, the United States cannot arrange deportations to Afghanistan. And some Afghans living in America have been granted legal protections from U.S. judges, which prevent them from being sent back to Afghanistan because of the persecution they would likely face under the Taliban government.
官员们表示，这次驱逐实际上是遣返至阿富汗，被拘留者已从美国移民和海关执法局（ICE）处得知这一消息。但将由巴基斯坦负责监督他们越过边境被驱逐至阿富汗。首架航班预计最早于11月2日出发。
The officials say the deportation is, in effect, to Afghanistan, and that is what the detainees have been told by ICE. But Pakistan will oversee their expulsion over the border to Afghanistan. The first flight is expected to leave as soon as Nov. 2.
被列入驱逐名单的阿富汗人之一是该47岁的穆罕默德，他说自己去年在给电动汽车充电时被联邦探员拘留，此后一直被关押在俄克拉何马州。上周，他被转移到路易斯安那州的一所监狱等待驱逐，他在狱中接受电话采访时说。他说，1981年苏联入侵后，他的家人以难民身份离开了阿富汗，当时他只有2岁。
One of the Afghans marked for deportation is Mohammad, 47, who said he was detained last year by federal agents while charging his electric car and had been held in Oklahoma. Last week, he was moved to a prison in Louisiana to be deported, he said in a phone interview from the prison. He said his family left Afghanistan as refugees in 1981, when he was 2 years old, after the Soviet Union invaded.
四十多年来，穆罕默德在美国生活。二十出头时因两项重罪服刑后，他失去了永久居留权。穆罕默德说，他逐渐接受了自己的同性恋身份，并于2020年与一名美国男子结婚。
Over four decades, Mohammad navigated life in America. After serving time in his early 20s for two felonies, he lost his permanent residency. Mohammad said he came to accept being gay and married an American man in 2020.
“在那里，这本身就是入狱和处决的理由，”穆罕默德说。在阿富汗，同性恋可判处死刑。他要求只以中间名示人，并解释说：“我为自己的生命感到害怕。”在另一起案件的法庭文件中，一名阿富汗男子说，他于2023年被塔利班逮捕并遭受酷刑，原因是他妻子与前政府有关联。她曾作为阿富汗军队的士兵和美国军队的成员提供帮助，还曾是女警察部队的一员——塔利班重新掌权后，将该群体列为报复对象。
“That right there is automatic grounds for imprisonment and execution there,” Mohammad said. In Afghanistan, homosexuality is punishable by death. He spoke on the condition that he be identified only by his middle name, explaining, “I am afraid for my life.”In court filings for another case, an Afghan man said that he was arrested and tortured by the Taliban in 2023 because of his wife’s affiliation with the previous government. She had helped the U.S. military as a soldier with the Afghan Army and as a member of the women’s police force, a group that the Taliban singled out for retribution when they returned to power.
他于2024年非法进入美国，被边境巡逻队逮捕，此后一直被关押在移民和海关执法局（ICE）的拘留中。他的庇护申请已被一名美国法官驳回。他的律师分享了描述其案件的文件，条件是不得透露该男子的姓名。
He entered the U.S. illegally in 2024, was arrested by border patrol and has been in ICE detention since then. His asylum application had been denied by a U.S. judge. His lawyer shared the documents describing his case on condition that the man not be named.
美国法律禁止政府将人驱逐到法院裁定其最有可能面临迫害的国家。目前尚不清楚11月被遣返的阿富汗人中是否有人享有此类法院保护。
U.S. law prohibits the government from deporting people to countries where courts have ruled they would most likely face persecution. It is not known if any of the Afghans being sent back in November have such court protections.
美国尚未宣布该驱逐计划，其部分内容最先由彭博社报道。《纽约时报》通过采访部分被拘留者的律师以及三名美国官员拼凑出了该计划，这些官员在讨论一项保密政策时要求匿名。《纽约时报》还获得了文件，以核实穆罕默德的犯罪记录、婚姻状况以及驱逐他的计划。
The United States has not announced the deportation plan, elements of which were first reported by Bloomberg. The New York Times pieced it together through interviews with lawyers for some of the people detained and with the three U.S. officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss a confidential policy. The Times also obtained documents to verify Mohammad’s criminal history, marriage and the plan to deport him.
其中一名阿富汗人的法庭文件显示，他已被列入一份特别包机名单，该包机将于11月第一周从路易斯安那州亚历山德里亚起飞。代表另外两名阿富汗移民的律师分享了联邦官员发来的电子邮件，邮件通知他们，他们的当事人将于11月初被驱逐回阿富汗。
Court filings for one of the Afghans indicate that he has been put on a manifest for a special chartered flight that leaves Alexandria, La., during the first week of November. Lawyers representing the two other Afghan immigrants shared emails from federal officials informing them that their clients would be deported to Afghanistan in early November.
美国国土安全部一名发言人表示，移民和海关执法局“不对预期的遣返行动发表评论，包括航班时刻表、乘客名单、目的地或个别案件细节”。近日，美国移民和海关执法局已将阿富汗移民从全国各地的拘留中心转移至路易斯安那州的移民拘留设施。被拘留者和律师表示，他们几乎没有得到任何信息，只知道他们将被送往阿富汗。
A spokesman for the Department of Homeland Security said that ICE “does not comment on prospective removal operations, including flight schedules, passenger manifests, destinations, or individual case details.”In recent days, the Afghan immigrants have been moved from detention centers all over the country by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to immigration detention facilities in Louisiana. Detainees and lawyers said they were given little information, other than that they are being sent to Afghanistan.
穆罕默德的律师梅丽莎·梅德拉诺·亨利表示，联邦政府已通知她，已从阿富汗当局——即塔利班——为其当事人取得了旅行证件，但尚未出示这些证件，也未解释是如何获得的。她已提交紧急动议以阻止其当事人被驱逐，但法官尚未作出裁决。
Melissa Medrano Henry, Mohammad’s lawyer, said the federal government had informed her that it had obtained travel documents for her client from Afghan authorities — meaning, the Taliban — but had yet to produce them or explain how the documents were obtained. She has filed emergency motions to block his deportation, but a judge has not yet made a decision.
虽然过去的美国政府在依赖中转国的情况下也曾将少量阿富汗人驱逐回阿富汗，但那些航班是留给面临严重刑事指控的人，通常与恐怖主义有关。驱逐数据项目的数据显示，过去四年中，美国已将约97名阿富汗人遣返。该项目由加州大学伯克利分校和加州大学洛杉矶分校发起，旨在利用公共记录请求分析移民和海关执法局的数据。
While past U.S. administrations have deported small numbers of Afghans to Afghanistan, also relying on intermediary countries, those flights were reserved for people with serious criminal charges, often related to terrorism. Data from the Deportation Data Project, an effort by the University of California, Berkeley and U.C.L.A. to use public records requests to analyze ICE data, shows that in the past four years, the United States has sent about 97 Afghans back.
下周计划的遣返航班是迄今为止将阿富汗人纳入大规模驱逐行动的最广泛举措。该群体中既有合法入境者，也有非法入境者，还有一些人有犯罪记录。部分被拘留者的律师正在对他们的遣返提出质疑。
Next week’s planned deportation flight is the most expansive effort so far to include Afghans in the wider dragnet to carry out mass deportations. The group includes a mix of people who came to the United States legally and illegally, and some with criminal records. Lawyers for some of the detainees are challenging their deportations.
过去两年间，特朗普政府限制了曾协助美国战争行动的阿富汗人的移民途径，将另一些人驱逐至非洲国家，并推动部分滞留在卡塔尔一处前美军营地的人自愿返回。巴基斯坦内政部和外交部的发言人均未回应置评请求。
Over the past two years, the Trump administration has restricted immigration for Afghans who helped the American war effort, deported others to countries in Africa, and pushed some, who are stranded in a former U.S. military camp in Qatar, to return voluntarily. Spokesmen for Pakistan’s ministries of interior and foreign affairs did not respond to requests for comment.
巴基斯坦自身正在大规模驱逐阿富汗难民，并同时开展公开骚扰和恐吓行动以迫使他们离开。自2023年以来，巴基斯坦政府已驱逐或迫使超过270万阿富汗公民返回阿富汗，称他们的存在构成国家安全威胁。塔利班政府官员未回应置评请求。
Pakistan is in the midst of its own campaign of mass deportation of Afghan refugees, as well as campaigns of public harassment and intimidation to push them out. Since 2023, Pakistan’s government has expelled or forced to return more than 2.7 million Afghan citizens to Afghanistan, calling their presence a national security threat. Taliban government officials did not respond to requests for comment.
巴基斯坦大规模驱逐阿富汗人，是其用来向塔利班政府施压的多种手段之一。巴基斯坦指责塔利班政府窝藏在其领土上不断发动袭击的恐怖组织。巴方誓言将驱逐所有阿富汗人——目前仍有约150万阿富汗人居住在巴基斯坦——无论其移民身份如何。
Pakistan’s mass expulsions of Afghans is one of several tools it has used to try to pressure the Taliban government, which it accuses of harboring terrorist groups that stage relentless attacks on Pakistani soil. It has vowed to expel all Afghans — about 1.5 million still live in Pakistan — no matter their immigration status.
近几个月来，巴基斯坦撤销或不再续签那些为完成专业培训而移居巴基斯坦的阿富汗医疗专业人员的签证。数百名阿富汗医生已被解雇，并面临被驱逐的风险。
In recent months, it has revoked or not renewed the visas of Afghan health care professionals who had moved to Pakistan to complete specialized training. Hundreds of Afghan doctors have been laid off and are at risk of expulsion.
在巴基斯坦拉合尔市执业的阿富汗心脏外科医生扎伊努拉·尼亚兹曼德（Zainullah Niazmand）表示，他认为巴基斯坦政府在驱逐阿富汗难民、商人和日工后，现在正通过遣返医生来加大对塔利班政府的压力。他的签证去年被吊销，他和他的妻子以及他们3岁的女儿面临被驱逐的风险。
Zainullah Niazmand, an Afghan cardiac surgeon practicing in the Pakistani city of Lahore, said he believed the Pakistani government, having first expelled Afghan refugees, traders and day laborers, was now intensifying pressure on the Taliban government by sending back doctors. His visa was revoked last year and he, his wife and their 3-year-old daughter are at risk of expulsion.
在路易斯安那州被拘留的阿富汗移民穆罕默德（Mohammad）表示，他感觉自己正在为年轻时犯下的错误付出代价。根据他的案件政府文件，他在2003年因抢劫和威胁学校两项重罪被定罪后，表示自己坐了大约三年牢，失去了绿卡，并花了二十年时间重建生活，同时定期向美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）报到。
Mohammad, the Afghan immigrant detained in Louisiana, said he feels like he is paying for a mistake he made when he was young. After two felony convictions in 2003, for robbery and for making threats to a school, according to the government documents for his case, he said he spent about three years in prison, lost his green card and spent two decades rebuilding his life while checking in regularly with ICE.
他说：“我非常害怕结婚。我非常害怕进入一段认真的关系，害怕尝试拥有并维持正常生活，因为我担心有一天会发生这样的事情。”他说：“在这个国家，我唯一珍视和紧握在手中的东西，就是选择我想要的生活方式的自由。而这份自由正在被剥夺。”在等待飞往一个他从未去过的国家的航班期间，穆罕默德表示，他正在留胡子，并试图重新学习伊斯兰祈祷，他害怕在塔利班统治下的生活会是什么样子。
“I was so scared to get married. I was so scared to get into a serious relationship, to try to have and maintain a regular life out of fear that one day, something like this could happen,” he said. “The one thing that I did hold dear and close to me in my life in this country was having the freedom to choose how I want to live my life. That’s being stripped away from me.”In detention, as he awaits a flight to a country he has never known, Mohammad says he is growing his beard and trying to relearn Islamic prayers, fearful of what life will be like under the Taliban.
亚库布·阿克巴里（Yaqoob Akbary）从阿富汗喀布尔发回报道。
Yaqoob Akbary contributed reporting from Kabul, Afghanistan.
哈米德·阿莱阿齐兹（Hamed Aleaziz）负责《纽约时报》关于美国国土安全部和移民政策的报道。
Hamed Aleaziz covers the Department of Homeland Security and immigration policy for The Times.
埃利安·佩尔蒂埃（Elian Peltier）是《纽约时报》驻巴基斯坦和阿富汗的首席记者，常驻伊斯兰堡。
Elian Peltier is The Times’s bureau chief for Pakistan and Afghanistan, based in Islamabad.