周二的中期选举对民主党而言是一场大胜，此外还有其他值得关注的要点。
Tuesday's midterm elections were a huge sweep for Democrats, among other takeaways.
在39个州——加上华盛顿特区和北马里亚纳群岛——选民就146项全州范围的投票议题表达了意见，涵盖从税收到跨性别者权利、交通摄像头、数据中心和人工智能等议题。以下是部分结果的概览。
And across 39 states — plus Washington, D.C. and the Northern Mariana Islands — voters weighed in on 146 statewide ballot measures spanning issues from taxes to transgender rights to traffic cameras to data centers and AI. Here's a look at some of those results.
三个州采取行动维护堕胎权 美国最高法院于2022年推翻了“罗诉韦德案”判例，将堕胎的合法性和监管权交由各州自行决定。此后的选举中，十多个州将堕胎权列入选票——并以压倒性优势通过了保障措施。
Three states moved to preserve abortion access The U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022, leaving the legality and regulation of abortion up to each state. In subsequent elections, over a dozen states have put access to abortion on their ballots — and overwhelmingly moved to secure it.
今年，四个州审议了堕胎相关议题。三个州通过，而爱达荷州投票决定维持该州2022年的堕胎禁令。
This year, four states considered abortion measures. Three passed, while Idaho voted to preserve the state's abortion ban from 2022.
在密苏里州，选民否决了一项由共和党主导的修正案，该修正案原本将在极少例外情况下禁止堕胎。这一结果表明选民支持堕胎权，仅在两年前，选民曾动员起来否决密苏里州的禁令，该禁令属全美最严格之一。
In Missouri, voters rejected a Republican-led amendment that would have banned abortion with few exceptions. The move affirms support for abortion just two years after voters mobilized to reject Missouri's ban, which was one of the strictest in the country.
内华达州居民投票决定将孕育存活期前的堕胎权写入州宪法。这是他们连续第二次选举这样做，因为州法律要求拟议的宪法修正案必须通过两次才能生效。
Nevada residents voted to enshrine abortion up to the point of viability in their constitution. They did so for the second election in a row, since state law requires a proposed constitutional amendment to pass twice.
弗吉尼亚州选民投票决定在州宪法中确立“生殖自由的基本权利”。这包括在前两个孕期内进行堕胎的权利（以及在特定情况下的后期堕胎权），还有避孕、生育、产后护理等权利。各州就选举制度表决 许多州审议了改变选举运作方式的提案。
Virginians voted to create a "fundamental right to reproductive freedom" in their constitution. That includes the right to an abortion during the first two trimesters (and afterward in certain cases), as well as the right to contraception, fertility, postpartum care and more. States voted on voting Many states considered changes to how they run their elections.
截至周三下午，阿拉斯加和亚利桑那州一些影响更深远的变革是否获批仍为时过早判断。
It was too early to call Wednesday afternoon whether voters had approved some of the more far-reaching changes, in Alaska and Arizona.
其他州——包括内华达州、北卡罗来纳州和俄亥俄州——通过了收紧选民身份识别要求的措施，而加利福尼亚州则否决了类似努力。
Other states — including Nevada, North Carolina and Ohio — passed measures toughening identification requirements for voters, while California voted against such an effort.
包括阿拉斯加、阿肯色、堪萨斯、南达科他和西弗吉尼亚在内的多个州批准了相关措施，重申美国公民身份是在该州选举中投票的必要条件。
Several states — including Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, South Dakota and West Virginia — approved measures reinforcing that U.S. citizenship is required to vote in their elections.
重新划分选区也是选民关注的焦点。特朗普总统今年早些时候敦促共和党主导的州在中期选举前重新划分选区，拉开了重划选区竞赛的序幕。多个州的共和党和民主党都这么做了。但许多为提升共和党前景而调整的选区最终却被民主党候选人赢得。
Redistricting was also top of mind for voters. President Trump kicked off a redistricting race earlier this year by urging Republican-led states to redraw their districts ahead of the midterms. Republicans and Democrats in multiple states did so. But many of the districts altered to boost GOP prospects ultimately went to Democratic candidates.
密苏里州选民否决了一个有利于共和党的国会选区地图，而马里兰州选民通过了一项重划选区修正案，这可能为2028年出台一个倾向民主党的地图铺平道路。
Missouri voters rejected a Republican-friendly congressional map, while Maryland voters passed a redistricting amendment that could pave the way for a Democrat-leaning map in 2028.
弗吉尼亚州选民通过了一项措施，自动恢复所有服完刑期的重罪定罪者的投票权。
Virginians passed a measure automatically restoring voting rights to anyone convicted of a felony once they have completed their sentence.
LGBTQ权利方面喜忧参半 弗吉尼亚州选民还通过了一项宪法修正案，正式废除该州对同性婚姻的禁令，并增加条款确认该州将承认两名成年人之间的婚姻，无论其性别、性别认同或种族如何。
A mixed bag for LGBTQ rights Virginians also passed a constitutional amendment officially repealing its ban on gay marriage and adding language confirming that the commonwealth will recognize marriage between two adults regardless of their sex, gender or race.
自2015年最高法院判决同性婚姻在全国合法以来，弗吉尼亚州的禁令已失去效力，但这项措施被视为一种保障，以防“奥贝格费尔诉霍奇斯案”被推翻（鉴于最高法院推翻“罗诉韦德案”，一些人担心会出现这种情况）。其他州也采取了类似举措，包括科罗拉多州和加利福尼亚州在2024年。
Virginia's ban has been moot since the Supreme Court made same-sex marriage legal nationwide in 2015, but this measure is seen as a safeguard in case Obergefell v. Hodges gets reversed (as some have feared in the wake of the court's overturning of Roe v. Wade). Other states have made similar moves, including Colorado and California in 2024.
佛蒙特州以压倒性优势投票通过在其宪法中增加一项修正案，保障“种族、族裔、性别、宗教、残疾、性取向、性别认同、性别表达或国籍”在法律下享有平等保护。多个州审议了限制跨性别儿童参加学校体育队和接受性别肯定护理的措施，科罗拉多州两项均通过。华盛顿州一项禁止跨性别学生参加女子校际体育比赛的措施在周三仍处于领先。
Vermont overwhelmingly voted to add an amendment to its constitution guaranteeing equal protection under the law "race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or national origin." A number of states considered measures restricting transgender kids' access to school sports teams and gender-affirming care, with Colorado passing both. A Washington state measure to ban trans students from competing in girls' school sports was still leading on Wednesday.
亚利桑那州通过了一项提案，要求学校和体育协会限制学生、运动员和雇员使用非为其出生时指定性别而设的设施——包括卫生间、更衣室和其他私人空间。亚利桑那州法律已禁止跨性别女孩参加为女生设立的校际运动队，该措施将把这一禁令延伸至小联盟等休闲组织。
Arizona passed a proposal requiring schools and athletic associations to restrict students, athletes and employees from using facilities — including restrooms, locker rooms, and other private spaces — that are not designated for their sex assigned at birth. Arizona law already bans trans girls from playing on school sports teams designated for girls, and this measure would extend that prohibition to recreational organizations like Little League.
税收与州支出成为辩论焦点 其中一项备受关注的投票议题要求佛罗里达州民权衡为房主减免财产税，批评者称这将从食品银行、图书馆、交通和基础设施等亟需的公共服务中抽走数十亿美元的地方政府收入。选民以压倒性优势通过了该修正案。
Taxes and state spending up for debate One of the most high-profile ballot measures asked Floridians to weigh cutting property taxes for homeowners, which critics say would take billions of dollars in local government revenue away from much-needed public services like food banks, libraries, transportation and infrastructure. Voters overwhelmingly passed the amendment.
在加利福尼亚州，选民考虑是否批准对资产超过10亿美元的个人征收一次性5%的税，所筹资金大部分将用于医疗保健服务。反对该投票议题的斗争是该州历史上最昂贵的之一。截至周三下午，该竞争过于胶着，难以判定胜负。
In California, voters pondered whether to approve a one-off 5% tax on individuals with more than $1 billion in assets, with most of the money raised going toward health care services. The fight against that ballot measure was one of the most expensive in the state's history. The contest is too close to call as of Wednesday afternoon.
田纳西州选民批准了一项宪法修正案，禁止州政府征收全州范围的财产税，该州自1949年以来未征收过此税。亚利桑那州选民通过一项措施，禁止城市和城镇在2027年7月前提高食品杂货税。北卡罗来纳州选民批准一项修正案，将个人所得税最高税率上限设为3.5%。
Tennessee voters approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting its government from levying a statewide property tax, which it has not collected since 1949. Arizona voters passed a measure that bans cities and towns from raising taxes on groceries until July 2027. North Carolinians approved an amendment to cap the maximum personal income tax at 3.5%.
华盛顿州选民考虑是否废除对年收入超过100万美元的个人和家庭征收的所得税，该税计划于2028年生效。早期结果显示，他们倾向于保留该税。
Washington voters considered whether to repeal an income tax on individuals and households earning more than $1 million, which is scheduled to take effect in 2028. Early results indicate they want to keep that tax.
马萨诸塞州选民投票决定保留2024年通过的一项收紧枪支管制的法律。该法律使马萨诸塞州的枪支管控措施跻身全美最严格之列，其中还包括要求“幽灵枪”必须有序列号、拓宽“突击型枪支”的定义，以及扩大该州的“红旗法”适用范围。
A polar-opposite pair of gun ballot measures Massachusetts voted to keep a 2024 law tightening firearm regulations. The law made Massachusetts gun control measures among the strictest in the nation, as it also included requiring "ghost guns" to have a serial number, broadened the definition of "assault-style firearm" and expanded the state's red flag laws.
与此同时，在爱达荷州，一项投票提案请求选民从六个不同品牌和型号中选定官方州枪。截至周三，温彻斯特1873型——又称“赢得西部的枪”——在民调中领跑，不过州议会仍需另行通过法律，才能让获胜者正式生效。
Meanwhile, in Idaho, a ballot measure asked voters for help choosing the official state gun from six different brands and models. The Winchester Model 1873 — aka the "Gun that Won the West" — leads in the polls as of Wednesday, though the state legislature would need to pass a separate law to make the winner official.
关于数据中心的投票提案 至少38个司法辖区就为AI提供动力所需的大规模设施进行了投票，周二的结果显示，许多选民对这些设施反感。加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、伊利诺伊州、堪萨斯州、缅因州、内华达州、新泽西州、北达科他州、俄亥俄州和威斯康星州的多个司法辖区投票决定限制数据中心。
The ballot initiatives about data centers At least 38 jurisdictions voted on the sprawling facilities needed to power AI, and Tuesday revealed how many voters dislike them. Jurisdictions in California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin voted to restrict data centers.
据“数据中心上选票”统计，其中至少12个地方投票限制数据中心规模，另有6个地方投票叫停开发、禁止建设所有此类设施。
Of these, at least 12 localities voted to restrict the size of data centers, while six others voted to halt development and ban construction of all facilities, according to Data Centers on the Ballot.
唯一支持数据中心的社区位于北达科他州哈伍德，那里75%的选民不愿对包括数据中心在内的工业项目施加限制。
The one community that supported data centers is in Harwood, North Dakota, where 75% of voters did not want to place restrictions on industrial projects, including data centers.
作为该问题的前线州之一，俄亥俄州有21项涉及数据中心的投票提案。该州选民倾向于限制AI设施：特伦顿投票禁止功率超过25兆瓦的数据中心，哈伯德投票禁止建设任何规模的数据中心，包括将现有建筑改作数据中心。俄亥俄州选民还否决了将区域从乡村居住用地重新分区为轻工业用地以供数据中心使用的提案。
Ohio, one of the frontline states on the issue, had 21 ballot measures mentioning data centers. Voters there moved to restrict the AI facilities: Trenton, Ohio voted to ban data centers over 25 megawatts, while Hubbard moved to ban construction of data centers of any size, including converting existing buildings. Ohio voters also rejected rezoning areas from rural residential to light industrial for data center usage.
候选人在本选举周期花费高达四千万美元在关于数据中心的广告上。它们在许多州级选举中成为争议焦点，根据六月路透社/艾普索斯民调，77%的美国人表示担心数据中心会提高电费。该民调还显示，三分之二的民主党人和一半的共和党人表示他们会反对在自己社区建设数据中心。
Candidates spent up to $40 million on ads about data centers this election cycle. They were a contentious issue in many statewide elections, as 77% of Americans say they are concerned about data centers raising electricity costs, according to a June Reuters/Ipsos poll. The poll also showed two-thirds of Democrats and half of Republicans said they'd oppose a data center in their community.
在阿拉巴马州，选民通过了两项提案，要求当地学区董事会制定政策，指示公立K‑12学校在校内至少每周朗诵《宣誓效忠誓言》，并单独播放或演唱《星条旗永不落》首段。
Other honorable mentions Alabama voters passed ballot measures requiring local school boards to adopt policies directing public K-12 schools to recite the Pledge of Allegiance and, separately, play or perform the first stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at least once a week during school hours.
在亚利桑那州，选民通过了一项禁令，禁止该州安装和使用照片执法系统（如测速摄像头和红灯摄像头）来抓捕违反某些交通条例的人。
In Arizona, voters passed a measure banning the state from installing and using photo enforcement systems (like speed and red-light cameras) to catch people who violate certain traffic ordinances.
华盛顿特区的居民只有一项提案需要考虑：禁止争议不断的鸭子或鹅肝菜肴——鹅肝。近几天的辩论引发了一系列万圣节服装、四道菜餐厅品鉴菜单以及一只名叫奥利维亚的真实鸭子的公开露面。特区选民压倒性地投票禁止强制喂养鸟类以增大其肝脏，并禁止销售该美食本身。全国范围内，丹佛的选民也批准了类似的提案。
Residents of Washington, D.C. had just one ballot initiative to consider: banning the controversial duck or goose liver dish known as foie gras. The debate went viral in recent days, prompting a slew of Halloween costumes, a four-course restaurant tasting menu and public appearances by a real duck named Olivia. D.C. voted overwhelmingly to prohibit the force-feeding of birds to enlarge their livers, and the sale of the delicacy itself. Across the country, voters in Denver approved a similar measure.