周五，也门塔伊兹省一处集市遭导弹袭击，造成数十人死亡，也门残酷战争的双方均指责对方发动了袭击。
Dozens were killed in Yemen on Friday when a missile struck a market in Taiz governorate, with each side of Yemen’s brutal war blaming the other for the attack.
自也门国际公认政府发起“也门黎明”攻势、针对伊朗结盟的胡塞武装叛乱组织，并在该国红海沿岸夺取大片领土以来，已过去一个月。
It has been a month since Yemen’s internationally recognised government launched its “Dawn of Yemen” offensive on the Iran-aligned Houthi rebel group after it took swaths of territory along the country’s Red Sea coast.
随着战斗持续，人道主义危机正进一步加剧，迄今已有数十万人流离失所。
As the fighting continues, the humanitarian crisis is only intensifying, with hundreds of thousands displaced so far.
也门总统领导委员会表示，政府将继续其“不可逆转”的行动，以瓦解胡塞武装的军事能力并恢复主权，观察人士称，这意味着战争可能在出现任何解决前景前进一步恶化。以下是我们目前了解的情况。什么是“也门黎明”行动？
该行动由也门国际公认政府总统领导委员会主席拉沙德·阿利米于10月5日发起。
Yemen’s Presidential Leadership Council has said the government will continue with its “irreversible” drive to dismantle Houthi military capacity and restore sovereignty, meaning the war may get worse before there is any resolution, observers say. Here’s what we know. What is Operation Dawn of Yemen? The operation was launched by the head of the Presidential Leadership Council of Yemen’s internationally recognised government, Rashad al-Alimi, on October 5.
其目标是收复胡塞武装控制的地区，并解放自2014年9月以来一直处于叛军控制下的首都萨那。
Its aim is to recapture areas under Houthi control and liberate the capital city of Sanaa, which has been under the rebels’ control since September 2014.
该行动依赖沙特领导的联盟提供空中支援，以及政府军事联盟和部队实施地面行动，以削弱胡塞武装的军事能力。
The operation has relied on air support from the Saudi-led coalition, as well as ground operations carried out by government military coalitions and units to weaken the Houthis’ military capabilities.
在红海走廊，打破胡塞武装的海上控制、确保曼德海峡安全一直是核心目标，此前该组织于9月攻占了战略要港城市摩卡。政府军收复了多少领土？
In the Red Sea corridor, breaking the Houthis’ maritime chokehold and securing the Bab al-Mandeb strait has been an essential goal after the group captured the strategic port city of Mocha (Mokha) in September. How much territory have the government forces taken back?
发起行动后，政府称其部队当天即收复了祖巴卜和曼德海峡周边阵地，但其战果范围无法得到证实。
After launching the operation, the government said its forces recaptured positions around Dhubab and Bab al-Mandeb the same day, though the extent of their gains could not be confirmed.
政府还称，他们攻占了海凡、塔伊兹西部及瓦济亚周边的山地阵地。
It also said they captured mountain positions in Haifan, western Taiz and around al-Waziiya.
到10月13日，战火蔓延至马里卜，政府军声称在马斯营地周边和哈里卜以北取得进展。
By October 13, fighting spread to Marib, where the government forces claimed gains around the Maas camp and north of Harib.
然而，政府军在泰兹省失去了领土，导致胡塞武装实施围困，随着围困进入第一个月，该市仍处于窒息状态。
It did, however, lose territory in Taiz governorate, which led to a Houthi siege that continues to suffocate the city as it reaches its first month.
周五，政府军称已在该省收复多个地区，包括奈达尼村、沙阿卜-萨拉里、萨纳马特地区大部分区域以及泰兹省迪巴尔赫的里巴特-卡尔恩地区。
On Friday, the government forces said they had recaptured many areas in the governorate, including al-Nidani village, Shaab al-Sarari, large parts of the Sanamat area and the Ribat al-Qarn area in Dhi al-Barh in Taiz governorate.
政府军和联盟战士还在阿克劳德前线控制了塔瓦特-瓦西卜和哈比勒-萨拉姆山地。
Government troops and coalition fighters also secured the Tavat Wathib and Habil al-Saram hills along the Al-Aqroud front.
他们宣布在不同战线上对胡塞武装阵地实施了1211次打击，并确认控制了拉赫季省图尔-巴哈前线的新阵地。
They announced the execution of 1,211 operations against Houthi positions on the different battlefronts, as they confirmed control over new positions on the Tur al-Bahah front in the Lahij governorate.
然而，英国阿伯丁大学政治与国际关系助理教授托马斯·邦尼·詹姆斯告诉半岛电视台，政府军距离夺回也门首都萨那还很远。
However, government forces are far from being able to take back Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, Thomas Bonnie James, an assistant professor in politics and international relations at Aberdeen University in the United Kingdom, told Al Jazeera.
他说：“如果‘失败’意味着夺回萨那并终结胡塞武装的统治，那不会发生。短期内绝不可能。政府军在纸面上看起来规模很大，但兵力分散在太多战线上，且装备陈旧。
“[Defeat] won’t happen if it means taking back Sanaa and ending Houthi rule. Not any time soon,” he said. “The government’s forces look big on paper, but they are spread across too many fronts and use old equipment.
他解释道：“萨那四周环山，易守难攻。一个强大得多的沙特-阿联酋联盟从2015年就开始尝试，却从未接近过。”自行动开始以来，政府还取得了哪些成果？
“Sanaa is surrounded by mountains, which makes it easy to defend. A much stronger Saudi-Emirati coalition tried from 2015 and never came close,” he explained. What else has the government achieved since the operation began?
詹姆斯告诉半岛电视台，“也门黎明”行动的目的是施加压力，而非彻底击败胡塞武装。
James told Al Jazeera that Dawn of Yemen’s aim is to apply pressure to, rather than achieve the total defeat of, the Houthis.
他说：“‘也门黎明’最好理解为一种施压手段，而非争取全面胜利的尝试。目的是让战争对胡塞武装的代价更高昂，并在任何和平协议达成前给沙特阿拉伯更强的地位。
“Dawn of Yemen is better understood as a way to apply pressure than as a bid for total victory,” he said. “The aim is to make the war more costly for the Houthis and to give Saudi Arabia a stronger position before any peace deal.
“未来三个月发生的事情比口号更重要。”也门总统领导委员会周四宣布，武装部队自“也门黎明”行动开始以来已实施40761次军事行动。
“What happens in the next three months matters more than the slogans.”The Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council announced on Thursday that the armed forces have carried out 40,761 military operations since the beginning of Dawn of Yemen.
委员会还表示，这些袭击导致大约2万名胡塞武装领导层和人员被“消灭”，并摧毁了5000多辆军车。
The council also said the attacks resulted in the “neutralisation” of about 20,000 Houthi leaders and elements, and more than 5,000 vehicles.
军方此前的声明称，他们在最初几周进行了1.7万次打击行动，全月每日行动数据在951起至1272起之间。
Previous announcements from the military command said they conducted 17,000 targeting operations during their first weeks and daily figures ranging between 951 and 1,272 operations throughout the month.
上个月，也门政府还表示，其部队在24小时内打死或打伤了1540名胡塞武装人员。
Last month, the Yemeni government also said its forces were able to kill or wound 1,540 Houthis in 24 hours.
上周，政府表示，自10月5日以来，已有1.61万名胡塞武装人员和指挥官被炸死或炸伤。
Last week, the government said 16,100 Houthi operatives and commanders had been killed or wounded since October 5.
胡塞武装确实表示，自局势升级开始以来，该组织遭受的袭击总数截至11月上旬已达到3930次空袭和导弹袭击。半岛电视台无法核实这些数字。胡塞武装如何进行反击？
The Houthis did say that the total number of attacks the group has been subjected to since the beginning of the escalation reached 3,930 raids and missiles up until early November. Al Jazeera has not been able to verify these figures. How are the Houthis striking back?
胡塞武装也被称为“安萨尔真主”（Ansar Allah，意为“真主的信徒”），自局势升级开始以来已造成数百人伤亡。
The Houthis, who are also known as Ansar Allah (Arabic for Supporters of God), have caused hundreds of casualties since the beginning of the escalation.
也门政府军指责胡塞武装于周五对塔伊兹省的哈达拉（al-Hadara）市场发动了一起袭击，造成数十人死伤，其中大多是平民。
Yemen’s government forces have blamed the Houthis for an attack on the al-Hadara market on Friday in the Taiz governorate that killed and injured dozens, mostly civilians.
政府军发言人马吉德·纳齐利（Majed al-Nazili）上校表示，“恐怖主义”胡塞武装用弹道导弹袭击了该市场，并称这是一起战争罪。
Government military spokesperson, Colonel Majed al-Nazili, said the “terrorist” Houthis hit the market with ballistic missiles, calling it a war crime.
得到伊朗支持的胡塞武装拒绝了这一指控，并称支持也门政府的沙特阿拉伯应对此次袭击负责。
The Iran-backed Houthis rejected the accusation and said Saudi Arabia, which backs the Yemeni government, was responsible for the attack.
在2014年夺取首都和国家机构之后，胡塞武装得以获取大量原本属于也门军队的武器。
After taking the capital and state institutions in 2014, the Houthis have had access to a large number of weapons that once belonged to the Yemeni military.
分析人士表示，凭借来自伊朗的外部支持以及对国际黑市场的依赖，胡塞武装的军事能力持续提升。
Analysts say with the external support from Iran and their reliance on international black markets, the Houthis’ military capabilities continued to advance.
他们日益远程化的导弹打击使他们能够袭击沙特阿拉伯的许多地区，甚至在6月袭击了以色列。
Their increasingly long-range missile strikes have allowed them to reach many areas across Saudi Arabia and even Israel in June.
胡塞武装最近一次致命袭击在沙卜瓦省造成至少70名政府安全部队新兵死亡。随着政府与胡塞武装持续交战，也门的人道主义局势正滑向灾难。
One of the Houthis’ latest deadly attacks killed at least 70 government security recruits in Shabwah. How is this affecting people in Yemen? As the government and the Houthis continue fighting, the humanitarian situation in Yemen is heading towards catastrophe.
联合国人道主义事务协调厅（OCHA）周五报告称，自8月局势升级以来，也门已有超过32.3万人流离失所，其中大部分涌入了泰兹省。
More than 323,000 people have been displaced in Yemen since the escalation began in August, with Taiz governorate taking in most of them, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on Friday.
也门境内流离失所者中，超过五分之二身处泰兹，胡塞武装的封锁持续包围该市，切断了约80万人的物资供应。
More than two in five of the internally displaced in Yemen are in Taiz, where the Houthi blockade continues to encircle the city, cutting off supplies to about 800,000 people.
联合国人权办公室报告称，自8月以来已造成281名平民伤亡，其中69人死亡、212人受伤。儿童占伤亡人数的三分之一以上。
The UN Human Rights Office has reported 281 civilian casualties since August, with 69 people killed and 212 injured. Children make up more than one-third of casualties.
泰兹省围困事务部门代理主任萨拉赫·艾哈迈德·加利卜·马吉迪向半岛电视台描述当地局势为“灾难性的”。
In Taiz, Salah Ahmed Ghaleb al-Majidi, acting director of the governorate’s Siege Affairs Department, described the situation to Al Jazeera as “catastrophic”.
包括医疗物资、食品、燃料和水在内的基本生活必需品因胡塞武装封锁无法进入该省。
Essentials, including medical supplies, food, fuel and water, are unable to reach the governorate due to the Houthi blockade.
半岛电视台报道发现，该市剩余柴油库存已告罄，不足48小时即将耗尽。
An Al Jazeera report found that the remaining diesel stocks in the city have dwindled and have less than 48 hours left to run.
医院警告称，一旦燃料耗尽，各科室和医疗中心将被迫关闭，包括急诊服务。
Hospitals are warning that once they run out of fuel, departments and medical centres will have to shut down, including emergency services.
泰兹省卫生事务副省长伊兰·阿卜杜勒·哈乌向半岛电视台表示，约40%的医院已关闭，仍在运营的医院因缺乏燃料仅能维持50%的运力。这场战争将何去从从？
Taiz’s deputy governor for health affairs, Ilan Abdul Haw, told Al Jazeera that about 40 percent of hospitals have closed, while those still open are operating at 50 percent capacity due to the lack of fuel. What next for this war?
詹姆斯向半岛电视台表示，随着也门进入冬季、泰兹围困加剧，陷入冲突的也门民众处境只会进一步恶化。
James told Al Jazeera that as the winter approaches in Yemen, and the siege on Taiz tightens, conditions will only worsen for Yemenis caught in the conflict.
“最大的担忧是塔伊兹的人民。自从胡塞武装在10月初包围这座城市以来，已有80万名居民的援助被切断，”他说。“冬天即将来临，援助资金短缺，这座城市正处于围困之中。这就是更多战斗对普通也门人意味着的事情。”这场战争也已经蔓延到也门之外，胡塞武装继续对沙特的机场和石油设施发动袭击。
“The biggest worry is the people of Taiz. More than 800,000 of them have been cut off from aid since the Houthis surrounded the city in early October,” he said. “Winter is coming, aid money is short, and the city is under siege. That is what more fighting will mean for ordinary Yemenis.”The war has also spread beyond Yemen, as the Houthis continue strikes on Saudi airports and oil sites.
“胡塞武装几乎每天都在向沙特开火。自2022年以来，沙特阿拉伯现在首次再次公开在也门境内进行轰炸，”詹姆斯说。“双方都在打击最痛的地方，战争就是这样扩大的。”
“The Houthis are firing at Saudi almost every day. Saudi Arabia is now openly bombing inside Yemen again for the first time since 2022,” James said. “Both sides are hitting where it hurts most, and that is how wars get bigger”.
詹姆斯对半岛电视台表示，该地区的其他战斗也可能将也门拉入一场更广泛的战争，反之亦然，因为美以针对伊朗的战争仍处于僵局之中。
Other fighting in the region could also pull Yemen into a wider war, and vice versa, as the US-Israel war on Iran remains in a deadlock, James told Al Jazeera.
“也门现在与针对伊朗的更广泛冲突绑在了一起。如果美国再次打击伊朗，伊朗将希望利用胡塞武装向沙特阿拉伯施加更多压力，”他说。
“Yemen is now tied to the wider conflict with Iran. If the US strikes Iran again, Iran will want to use the Houthis to put more pressure on Saudi Arabia,” he said.