斯图尔特·布劳恩 2026年11月9日 在试图激励全球转向清洁能源之际，今年联合国气候峰会的主办国仍严重依赖化石燃料。
Stuart Braun November 9, 2026 The host of this year's UN climate summit remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels as it tries to inspire a global switch to clean energy.
在谷歌上关注德国之声 在过去十年中，土耳其的太阳能发电能力呈火箭式增长，尽管煤炭发电依然在电网中占主导地位 随着土耳其在安塔利亚迎接2026年联合国气候大会的代表并推动削减全球温室气体排放，该国可以指出其国内激增的可再生能源发电能力。
Prefer DW on Google Solar energy capacity in Turkey has skyrocketed over the last decade, though coal power still dominates the grid As Turkey welcomes delegates to the 2026 UN climate talks in Antalya and pushes for cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions, it can point to surging renewable energy capacity at home.
作为第31届联合国气候变化大会（COP31）的主办国，土耳其自2022年以来已批准了超过33吉瓦（GW）的电池储能项目，这些项目可为超过2700万户家庭提供电力。
COP31 host has approved more than 33 gigawatts (GW) of battery storage projects since 2022 that can power over 27 million homes.
作为欧洲规模最大的电池项目储备之一，这些储能设施将与快速扩张的风能和太阳能形成互补，后者目前占土耳其电力的22%，高于十年前的4.5%。
Among the largest battery project pipelines in Europe, this storage will complement fast-expanding wind and solar energy that today provides 22% of electricity in Turkey, up from 4.5% a decade ago.
然而，这一清洁能源的回升还远远不足以弥补对化石燃料的过度依赖。
Yet this clean energy upswing is a long way from compensating for an over-reliance on fossil fuels.
在过去十年中，土耳其的燃煤发电量增加了约三分之一，并在2024年超过了德国和波兰；此前，在开始走下坡路之前，这两个国家的煤电产能曾是欧洲最高的。
Turkey's coal-fired electricity generation increased by roughly one-third in the last decade, and in 2024 overtook Germany and Poland, which previously had the highest coal power capacity in Europe before it began to decline.
联合国气候峰会在气候危机加剧的背景下拉开帷幕 要观看此视频，以及 煤炭正在削弱气候雄心 土耳其是少数几个尚未承诺淘汰煤炭时间表的工业化国家之一，而煤炭是产生温室气体排放最高的化石燃料。
UN climate summit opens amid worsening climate crisis To view this video , and Coal undermining climate ambition Turkey is among the few industrialized countries that is yet to commit to a phase-out date for coal— the fossil fuel with the highest planet-heating emissions.
然而与此同时，“煤炭在土耳其电力市场中的地位日益岌岌可危，”全球环保网络“350.org”的土耳其团队负责人埃费·巴伊萨尔对德国之声表示。
Yet at the same time, "coal's position in the electricity market in Turkey is increasingly precarious," Efe Baysal, Turkey team lead at global environment network, 350.org, told DW.
他指出，由于环境原因或缺乏财务可行性，当地社区对煤炭项目存在高度反对。德国非营利气候活动组织“超越化石燃料”（Beyond Fossil Fuels）的数据显示，在过去十年里，土耳其大约97%的新煤炭项目已被取消，该组织称之为“一项全球纪录”。
He points to high local community opposition to coal projects on environmental grounds or due to lack of financial viability. According to German nonprofit climate campaigners, Beyond Fossil Fuels, some 97% of new coal projects have been cancelled in the last decade in Turkey, in what it calls "a global record."
“超越化石燃料”的卡西亚·谢尼亚夫斯卡（Kasia Szeniawska）今年早些时候在一份声明中表示：“土耳其煤炭项目失败率是欧洲煤炭棺材上的最后一颗钉子。煤炭电力已经完蛋了：它存在财务风险，增加了账单纳税人的成本，损害了人们的健康，并破坏了气候目标。”但今年6月，土耳其宣布了扩建其最大燃煤电厂之一并将其发电能力提高近一倍的计划。
"Turkey's coal project failure rate is the final nail in Europe's coal coffin," said Kasia Szeniawska of Beyond Fossil Fuels in a statement earlier this year. "Coal power is finished: it's financially risky, increases costs for billpayers, harms people's health, and sabotages climate goals." But in June, Turkey announced plans to expand one of its largest coal plants and near double its capacity.
全球研究机构伊斯坦布尔政策中心（Istanbul Policy Center）气候变化项目负责人于米特·萨欣（Umit Sahin）表示，此举凸显了土耳其的“保守能源政策”和“严重不足”的气候目标。
The move underlines Turkey's "conservative energy policy" and "highly insufficient" climate goals, said Umit Sahin, head of the climate change program at the Istanbul Policy Center, a global research institute.
气候研究智库“气候行动追踪器”（Climate Action Tracker）指出，土耳其目前的气候目标允许温室气体排放量持续上升至2038年，这意味着该国将难以实现其到2053年达到净零排放的计划。
Turkey's current climate target allows emissions to keep rising until 2038, meaning it will struggle to meet its plans to reach net zero by 2053, notes Climate Action Tracker, a climate research think tank.
COP31主办国土耳其目前仍依赖煤炭发电，且没有逐步淘汰煤炭的计划。推动电气化与能源独立除了气候担忧之外，土耳其对进口化石能源的高度依赖，使其极其脆弱，易受动荡的全球石油和天然气市场影响。拜萨尔表示，该国目前进口95%的天然气、83%的原油和60%的煤炭——这些总共占去了土耳其能源产能的“最大份额”。
COP31 host Turkey still relies on coal for electricity and has no plans to phase it out Push for electrification and energy independence Aside from climate concerns, Turkey's high dependence on imported fossil energy makes it extremely vulnerable to volatile global oil and gas markets The nation currently imports 95% of its natural gas, 83% of crude oil and 60% of its coal – which together make up a "lion's share” of Turkey's energy capacity, said Baysal.
正是这种依赖在一定程度上激发了土耳其在COP31气候大会上推动更大规模电气化的决心。
It is partly this dependence that has inspired Turkey's push for greater electrification at the COP31 climate conference.
9月，该国推出了“35x35”全球电气化承诺，旨在将世界经济体的电气化率从目前的刚过20%提高到2035年的35%。
In September, the country launched the "35x35" global electrification pledge, which aims to increase electrification of world economies from just over 20% today to 35% by 2035.
目标是以电气化取代化石燃料，包括在交通、建筑和工业领域，且最好使用清洁能源，尽管这不是强制性的——例如，热泵排放的温室气体少于燃气锅炉，即使这些电力是通过燃烧化石燃料产生的。
The goal is for electrification to replace fossil fuels, including in transport, buildings and industry, and preferably using clean energy, though this is not mandatory –heat pumps for example, emit fewer greenhouse gases than gas boilers, even when the electricity is generated using fossil fuels.
这一承诺是对联合国现有的“能效翻倍”和“可再生能源增至三倍”气候目标的补充，旨在将气温升幅控制在《巴黎协定》规定的范围内。
The pledge complements existing UN climate goals of doubling energy efficiency and tripling renewables to keep temperature rise in line with the Paris climate agreement.
土耳其的采矿威胁着古老的橄榄林遗产。土耳其COP31大会候任主席穆拉特·库伦（Murat Kurum）将在安塔利亚从气候和能源安全两方面推动“35x35”承诺。
Turkey's mining threatens ancient olive grove heritage Turkey COP31 president Murat Kurum will promote the 35x35 pledge in Antalya on both climate and energy security grounds.
他今年早些时候在德国波恩举行的联合国气候会议上表示：“（海湾战争）再次向我们表明，化石燃料并不能保证能源供应安全。对替代能源来源的投资，特别是为了支持能源多样性，意味着稳定、韧性和清洁发展。”但尽管有这种言论，“气候行动追踪”（Climate Action Tracker）表示，根据土耳其的《国家能源计划》，作为COP31主办国的土耳其，预计到2035年只能实现约25%的总能源消费电气化。
"[The war in the Gulf] has shown us, once again, that fossil fuels do not guarantee energy supply security," he said earlier this year at a UN climate meeting in Bonn, Germany. "Investment in alternative energy sources, in particular to support energy diversity, means stability, resilience and clean development." But despite the rhetoric, Climate Action Tracker says that under Turkey's National Energy Plan, the COP31 host is only on track to electricify around 25% of total energy consumption by 2035.
可再生能源的扩大能否扭转局势？土耳其是面临极端气候影响（如野火和创纪录的高温，以及近期严重且致命的洪灾）的众多地中海国家之一。
Can renewables expansion turn the tide Turkey is one of numerous Mediterranean countries facing extreme climate impacts like wildfires and record heat in addition to recent severe and deadly flooding.
10月，暴雨在伊斯坦布尔引发了严重的突发洪水。贝萨尔（Baysal）表示，随着该国主办今年的气候峰会，这是一个加速能源转型的大好机会，特别是该国的年日照量几乎是德国的两倍。
Torrential rainfall caused severe flash floods in Istanbul in October As it hosts this year's climate summit, the country has a great opportunity to hasten the energy transition, says Baysal, especially since it receives nearly double the annual sunlight of Germany.
土耳其已经开始实现部分这种潜力，一项分析显示，该国生产的太阳能组件制造能力超过了几个欧洲主要国家的总和。
Turkey is already starting to realize some of this potential with one analysis showing the country produces more solar module manufacturing capacity than several major European countries combined.
根据土耳其资源和能源部的数据，太阳能占总装机发电量的比例从2014年的约0.1%增加到2026年头几个月的近21%。
Solar increased from around 0.1% of total installed electricity capacity in 2014 to almost 21% at the beginning of 2026, according to Turkey's resources and energy ministry.
于米特·萨欣（Umit Sahin）指出，如果每个过渡年新增10吉瓦的太阳能和风能——而不是政府设定的8吉瓦目标，COP31的主办国可以在2035年之前将其排放量减少35%。他说，快速扩张的电池容量将有助于实现这一目标。
The COP31 host can reduce its emissions 35% by 2035 if 10 GW of solar and wind is added each interim year — as opposed to the government's target of 8 GW — notes Umit Sahin. This goal will be helped by fast-expanding battery capacity, he said.
他补充说：“但如果不逐步淘汰煤炭，你们的排放量就无法下降。”
"But if you don't phase out coal your emissions cannot go down," he added.
与此同时，萨欣向德国之声（DW）表示，COP主席国身份可能成为土耳其的一个“转折点”和“非常重要的一步”。
Meanwhile, the COP presidency could be a "turning point" and "a very important step for Turkey," Sahin told DW.
他补充说，如果该国想要展现气候领导力并减少能源依赖，就需要拥护促进全面能源转型的“进取型气候政策”。
If the country wants to show climate leadership, and reduce energy dependency, it will need to embrace a "progressive climate policy" that promotes a full energy transition, he added.
瑟达尔·瓦尔达尔（Serdar Vardar）和乔纳森·兰普利-斯特金（Jonathan Rampley-Sturgeon）对本文亦有报道贡献。
Serdar Vardar and Jonathan Rampley-Sturgeon contributed reporting to this article. Edited by: Tamsin Walker COP31 climate summit: What would count as success?