成千上万的外交官、企业高管和各国领导人正聚集在土耳其，参加一场全球气候峰会。近年来，土耳其已采取行动变得更加环保，但有人认为这还远远不够。逐字稿主持人 萨查·菲弗：是什么能把成千上万的外交官、企业高管和世界领导人带到一座地中海滨海度假城市？这一次，是联合国气候峰会，也称第31届缔约方大会（COP31），今天在土耳其安塔利亚开幕。
Thousands of diplomats, executives and leaders are gathering in Turkey for a global climate summit. In recent years, Turkey has moved to be more eco-conscious, but some say that hasn't been enough. Transcript SACHA PFEIFFER, HOST: What could bring thousands of diplomats, corporate executives and world leaders to a Mediterranean resort city? In this case, it's the U.N. climate summit, also known as COP31, which began today in Antalya, Turkey.
土耳其政府显然很乐见其带来的声望。至于土耳其环保人士，美国国家公共电台（NPR）记者哈迪勒·阿尔-沙尔奇采访了其中几位。旁白：（非英语旁白）。记者 哈迪勒·阿尔-沙尔奇：土耳其气候部发布的一段宣传片展示了森林雾气、巍峨群山，以及土耳其气候部长在讲台上发言的画面。
The Turkish government is clearly happy for the prestige. As for Turkish environmentalists, NPR's Hadeel Al-Shalchi spoke with some of them. UNIDENTIFIED NARRATOR: (Non-English language spoken). HADEEL AL-SHALCHI, BYLINE: A promotional video released by the Turkish Ministry of Climate shows images of mist in a forest, majestic mountains and the Turkish Minister of Climate speaking at a podium.
阿尔-沙尔奇：“我们还能保护赖以呼吸的空气多久？这一次，答案在土耳其，”旁白说道。该国今年主办联合国年度气候峰会，即第31届缔约方大会（COP31）。这是几乎所有国家聚集在一起，就气候变化谈判达成集体协议的时刻。根据伊斯坦布尔政策中心气候变化项目负责人乌米特·沙欣的说法，土耳其将自己视为一个新兴的全球大国，利用其文化、人道主义事业和调解人角色，帮助终结从乌克兰到伊朗的全球冲突。现在，它希望在其外交组合中增添气候领导力。
AL-SHALCHI: "How much longer can we protect the air we breathe? This time, the answer is in Turkey," says the narrator. The country is hosting the U.N.'s annual climate summit this year, known as COP31. It's a time when nearly every country gathers to negotiate collective agreements on climate change. Turkey sees itself as an emerging worldwide power, using its culture, humanitarian causes and role as mediator to help bring an end to global conflicts from Ukraine to Iran. And now it wants to add climate leadership to its diplomatic portfolio, according to Ümit Şahin. He's the head of the climate change program at the Istanbul Policy Center, a Turkey-based think tank.
乌米特·沙欣：“这算是展示能力的一种舞台，展示其作为一个认真的中等强国、全球参与者等。我认为最重要的驱动力关乎声望和展示。”
ÜMIT ŞAHIN: This is kind of a showcase for capabilities for being a serious middle power, a global player, etc. I think most important driver was about prestige and showcase.
AL-SHALCHI：沙欣表示，土耳其在气候协议上拖延了几十年，但大约五年前国内发生致命野火，加上欧洲贸易税的压力，迫使其正视现实。2021年，土耳其批准了《巴黎协定》，这是一项旨在限制全球变暖的具有法律约束力的全球性条约。土耳其还设立了专门的气候部。但沙欣说，这还远远不够。
AL-SHALCHI: Şahin says Turkey dragged its feet on climate agreements for decades, but then deadly wildfires at home about five years ago and European trade taxes forced a reality check. In 2021, Turkey ratified the Paris Agreement, a legally binding worldwide treaty to limit global warming. It also established a dedicated climate ministry. But Şahin says it hasn't been enough.
ŞAHIN：有一些行动计划、战略，大量文书工作，但没有真正的气候政策。
ŞAHIN: There are some action plans, strategies, a lot of paperwork, but not a real climate policy.
AL-SHALCHI：他指出了土耳其的标志性环保项目“零废弃”运动，该运动旨在回收或再利用所有废弃物。沙欣说，土耳其接收的欧洲塑料垃圾比任何其他国家都多。但它没有回收这些垃圾，而是焚烧或倾倒了大部分。
AL-SHALCHI: He points to Turkey's signature environmental project, the Zero Waste campaign, aimed at recycling or reusing all waste materials. Şahin says Turkey takes in more European plastic waste than any other nation. But instead of recycling it, it burns or dumps much of it.
ŞAHIN：如果土耳其对“零废弃”是真心实意的，第一件事就需要禁止塑料垃圾进口。而这个“零废弃”是我们头号的“漂绿”行为。
ŞAHIN: If Turkey is real and sincere about Zero Waste, first thing, it needs to ban plastic waste import. And this Zero Waste thing is our No. 1 greenwashing.
AL-SHALCHI：“漂绿”——这是环保活动人士对打着环保旗号、掩盖破坏环境行径的说法的称呼。这些活动人士正在组织一场与缔约方大会平行的会议，以向世界领导人施压。奇德姆·厄兹巴什是今年“人民气候峰会”的一名土耳其志愿者。她指责土耳其政府取消地方保护措施，偏袒商业利益而非农民和农村社区，并压制国内异见。
AL-SHALCHI: Greenwashing - that's what environmental activists call claims to present an eco-friendly image while covering up destructive environmental practices. And those activists are organizing a parallel conference to COP to put pressure on the world leaders. Çiğdem Özbaş is a Turkish volunteer at this year's People's Climate Summit. She accuses the Turkish government of stripping local protections, favoring business interests over farmers and rural communities, and suppressing domestic dissent.
ÇIĞDEM ÖZBAŞ：将会有大量关于技术解决方案的谎言。将会有大量从事生态灭绝行径的“漂绿”公司。
ÇIĞDEM ÖZBAŞ: There will be lots of lies about technological solutions. There will be lots greenwashing companies who are doing lots of ecological ecocide.
阿勒-沙尔奇：活动人士指出，COP31的赞助商——基建巨头利马克控股正在古老橄榄树林上扩建煤矿，房地产开发商辛帕什GYO则在国家公园内浇筑混凝土建设豪华度假村。土耳其气候部未回应美国国家公共电台的置评请求。但厄兹莱姆·卡特索兹更为乐观。她是欧洲气候行动网络土耳其分会成员。她认为，土耳其主办COP31蕴含机遇，将迫使其直面自身法律。
AL-SHALCHI: Activists point to COP31's sponsors - infrastructure giant Limak Holding, which is expanding coal mines on ancient olive groves, and real estate developer Sinpaş GYO - it poured concrete inside a national park to make a luxury resort. The Turkish Ministry of Climate did not respond to NPR's request for comment. But Özlem Katısöz is more hopeful. She's with the Turkey chapter of Climate Action Network Europe. She sees opportunity in Turkey hosting COP31, forcing it to face its own laws.
厄兹莱姆·卡特索兹：土耳其应致力于改善整体气候——全球气候政策，推动其向前发展。它必须改善自身的国内气候政策，才能在全球讨论中拥有可信的话语权。
ÖZLEM KATISÖZ: Turkey should work to improve the overall climate - global climate policies, sort of move forward. It has to sort of improve its own domestic climate policies to have a credible say in the global discussions.
阿勒-沙尔奇：卡特索兹表示，今年主办COP为土耳其公民社会监督政府问责创造了契机。哈迪勒·阿勒-沙尔奇，美国国家公共电台新闻，安塔利亚报道。使用条款 权限 页面 了解更多信息。
AL-SHALCHI: Katısöz says hosting COP this year creates an opening for Turkish civil society to hold the government accountable. Hadeel Al-Shalchi, NPR News, Antalya. terms of use permissions pages at for further information.
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