马特·皮尔逊（Matt Pearson）2026年11月10日教皇利奥十四世对南美洲的访问吸引了巨大的人群，也引发了一定程度的政治争议。对阿根廷领导人的疑似批评，以及此前对唐纳德·特朗普的斥责，让人得以一窥教皇职位的政治性。在谷歌上关注德国之声教皇利奥十四世与阿根廷总统哈维尔·米莱于周日会面周一，布宜诺斯艾利斯街头排列着250万夹道争睹教皇利奥十四世风采的民众，这几乎毫无疑问地展现了他在阿根廷及其他地区的影响力。
Matt Pearson November 10, 2026 Pope Leo XIV's tour of South America has drawn huge crowds — and a measure of political controversy. Perceived criticism of Argentina's leader, and earlier rebukes of Donald Trump, offer a glimpse into papacy politics. Prefer DW on Google Pope Leo XIV and Argentine President Javier Milei met on Sunday The 2.5 million people lining the streets of Buenos Aires to get a glimpse of Pope Leo XIV on Monday left little doubt as to his influence in Argentina and beyond. "It's very important for Argentinians, for our unity and, above all, to reaffirm faith in the Catholic Church in this country.
“这对阿根廷人来说非常重要，关乎我们的团结，最重要的是，它重申了对这个国家天主教教会的信仰。阿根廷是一个有信仰的国家，一直都是如此，”一名参加露天弥撒的民众对德国之声说道。
Argentina is a country of faith, it's always been so," one attendee told DW of the open air Mass "The mood from the public about his visit is overwhelmingly positive," Justin McLellan, Vatican correspondent for the National Catholic Reporter, told DW from Argentina's capital.
“公众对他的访问情绪可以说是压倒性地积极，”《国家天主教记者报》梵蒂冈记者贾斯廷·麦克莱伦（Justin McLellan）从阿根廷首都对德国之声表示，“我认为人们非常崇拜利奥。”
"I think that people are big fans of Leo." The previous day, Leo had made a series of remarks which many observers took to be criticism of Argentine President Javier Milei and his strict austerity measures, sweeping cuts to social services and the elimination of thousands of public sector jobs Afterward, there were suggestions from some of the president's supporters online that the pope, who is returning to duty just a month after cancer surgery had overstepped his role.
在前一天，利奥发表了一系列言论，许多观察人士认为这是对阿根廷总统哈维尔·米莱及其严厉紧缩政策、对社会服务的大幅削减以及数千个公共部门岗位裁撤的批评。此后，总统的一些网络支持者暗示，刚刚在癌症手术一个月后复职的教皇越权了。教皇敦促阿根廷总统将人民放在首位要观看此视频，请……“经济必须为人民服务，而不是人民为经济服务，”第一位出生于美国的教皇利奥于周日说道。他还提到了那些“尽管努力工作，却依然难以满足家庭需求”的人。
Pope urges Argentina's president to put people first To view this video , and "The economy must be at the service of the people, rather than people being at the service of the economy," said Leo, the first US-born pope, on Sunday. He also mentioned those who "despite hard work, nonetheless, struggle to meet their household's needs."
在周一数百万人的弥撒前访问一家养老院时，利奥再次强调了这一信息。教皇利奥走在软实力钢丝上“这显然是在没有点名的情况下，针对总统最近实施的不同政策，”英国伯明翰大学宗教与政治教授若斯琳·切萨里（Jocelyne Cesari）对德国之声表示，并补充说利奥的话是“经过精心斟酌的”。
Leo doubled down on the message on a visit to a care home before Monday's Mass, where he preached to millions. Pope Leo walks soft-power tightrope "It's clearly targeting, without naming, the different policies that the president has put on recently," Jocelyne Cesari, a professor of religion and politics at the University of Birmingham in the UK, told DW, adding that Leo's words were "carefully calibrated."
在其近两千年（据部分估计）的历史中，教皇职位一直是一个拥有巨大且此前非常直接的政治权力的角色。例如，教皇英诺森三世被广泛认为是11世纪末和12世纪初欧洲最重要的人物。他掌握着对欧洲大部分地区及其君主国的权力，确保每个领地都按照天主教教义运转。约有250万人涌上布宜诺斯艾利斯街头迎接教皇但在现代，这种权力已经缓和，20和21世纪的教皇倾向于以更广泛的方式进行干预，远离直接的党派政治和具体政策。
Throughout its history, estimated by some at close to 2,000 years, the papacy has been a role with huge, and previously very direct, political power. Pope Innocent III, for example, was widely considered the most important man in the Europe in the late 11th and early 12th century. He wielded power over much of Europe and its monarchies, ensuring each territory was run according to Catholic doctrine. An estimated 2.5 million people lined the streets to see the pope in Buenos Aires But in the modern day, that power has softened, with 20th and 21st century popes tending to intervene in a broader sense away from direct party politics and policy.
利奥走这根钢丝的承诺，在他任职初期就受到了美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的考验。特朗普是米莱的盟友，他在4月份的一篇社交媒体帖子中称利奥“打击犯罪软弱，对外政策糟糕”。
Leo's commitment to walking that tightrope was tested early in his papacy by US President Donald Trump, an ally of Milei who called him "WEAK on Crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy" in a social media post in April.
“我不认为我的角色是政治性的、是一个政客，”利奥回应道，“我不怕特朗普政府，也不怕大声说出福音的信息，这就是我认为我来这里要做的事，也是教会来这里要做的事。”切萨里表示，这是一种熟悉的姿态。
"I do not look at my role as being political, a politician," responded Leo "I'm not afraid of the Trump administration or speaking out loudly of the message of the Gospel, which is what I believe I am here to do, what the Church is here to do." It's a familiar stance, said Cesari.
“这是他之前所有教皇都走过的路线。我们往往忘记了教皇是国家元首、是外交官，也是10亿多天主教徒的代言人，因此这个角色一直都具有政治性。”教皇利奥能影响阿根廷的大选吗？
"That's a line that all popes before him have walked. We tend to forget that the pope is the head of the state, is a diplomat and is a voice for more than 1 billion Catholics, so the role has always been political." Can Pope Leo influence Argentina's election?
切萨里和麦克莱伦都认同，利奥和他的现代前任们热衷于避开党派政治，而是为世界上14亿天主教徒提供指导。
Both Cesari and McLellan agreed that Leo and his modern predecessors are keen to avoid party politics but instead offer guidance to the 1.4 billion Catholics in the world.
“教皇的战略是将自己定位为道德权威，他的角色不仅仅是说‘投票给甲或乙’。他的角色是指出有一些道德教条可以应用于社会生活和社区，但人们必须做出自己的个人决定，”切萨里说。
"The strategy of the pope is to position himself as a moral authority, his role is not just to say 'vote for X or Y.' His role is to say there are some moral teachings that can be applied to social life and communities, but people must make their personal decisions," said Cesari.
鉴于阿根廷是一个天主教徒占多数的国家，教皇的话语具有相当大的影响力是顺理成章的。但更长远的问题是，利奥对米莱的疑似批评是否会对阿根廷2027年10月的大选产生影响。哈维尔·米莱执政下阿根廷每天倒闭33家公司“人们希望亲近他[利奥]。我认为对阿根廷的访问可能会对选举产生影响，因为他确实表达了对阿根廷主教的支持，这些主教一直对米莱的紧缩政策及其社会项目削减持批评态度，”麦克莱伦说。
With Argentina a majority Catholic country, it stands to reason that the pope's word holds plenty of sway. But the longer-term question is whether Leo's perceived criticisms of Milei make a difference in Argentina's general election in October 2027. Argentina loses 33 companies a day under Javier Milei "People want to be drawn close to him [Leo]. I think the visit to Argentina could have an influence in the election in that he's certainly given his support to the Argentine bishops who have been critical of Milei's austerity policies and his cuts to social programs," said McLellan.
“我认为这可能会对选举产生影响，并且会提升和放大天主教会在阿根廷的声音。”米莱与天主教教会的斗争但切萨里并不确信对一次演讲的赞同会转化为投票箱前的行动。“他们可能会崇敬和尊重教皇。但并不清楚他所说的话是否对单个选民产生直接影响，”她说。
"I think that that could have an impact in the election and that it will elevate and raise the voice of the Catholic Church in Argentina." Milei's battle with Catholic Church But Cesari is not so sure that being sympathetic to a speech transfers to action at the ballot box. "They may revere and respect the pope. But is not clear that that what he says has a direct impact on individual voters," she said.
“他的声音会被听到。但根据我们的研究，并没有对选举产生清晰、直接的影响。我们知道天主教徒并不是作为一个集团投票的，我们也知道许多人在2023年投票给米莱，甚至在他称[利奥的前任]方济各为地球上邪恶的代表之后也是如此。”
"His voice will be heard. But from the studies we have, there is not a clear, direct impact on elections. We know that Catholics do not vote in a bloc and we know that lots of them voted for Milei in 2023, even after he called [ Leo's predecessor Pope] Francis the representative of evil on Earth."
米莱是一名右翼自由意志主义者，也是统治阶层直言不讳的批评者，他长期与天主教教会发生冲突。他还在2020年称身为阿根廷本地人的教皇方济各为“笨蛋”，并指责他宣扬共产主义。然而，他在周一时展现了更为调解的语调，称已故的方济各为“杰出人物”和“阿根廷历史上最重要的人物”。
Milei, a right-wing libertarian and outspoken critic of the ruling class, has long clashed with the Catholic Church. He also called Pope Francis a native of Argentina, an "imbecile" in 2020 and accused him of promoting communism. He did, however, find a more conciliatory tone on Monday when he called the late Francis an "exceptional figure" and the "most important Argentine in history."
麦克莱伦补充说，利奥“天生具有外交手腕”。在特朗普和米莱都在持续的地缘政治动荡时期抨击天主教教会的情况下，这似乎是一项至关重要的教皇品质。美国年轻基督徒：信仰、权力和政治
Leo is, McLellan added, "diplomatic by nature." With Trump and Milei both having taken swipes at the Catholic Church in a time of ongoing geopolitical turmoil, that looks to be a critical papal quality. Young Christians in the US: Faith, power and politics