为扩大乌克兰问题谈判范围，美国敦促俄罗斯让欧洲参与其中在阿布扎比结束的一轮谈判中，特朗普总统的两位特使表示他们将前往莫斯科，而克里姆林宫要求就欧洲安全架构展开讨论。
Seeking to Broaden Ukraine Talks, U.S. Urges Russia to Include Europe As a round of negotiations ended in Abu Dhabi, President Trump’s envoys said they would go to Moscow as the Kremlin demands discussions on European security structures.
周三，九个月来的首轮乌克兰和平谈判在阿布扎比结束，俄罗斯未同意让欧洲参与谈判，而在莫斯科的坚持下，谈判已扩大到对欧洲国家安全具有重大影响的问题。
The first round of Ukraine peace talks in nine months ended in Abu Dhabi on Wednesday without a Russian agreement to include Europe in negotiations that have extended, at Moscow’s insistence, to questions of huge consequence for European nations’ security.
乌克兰与俄罗斯代表团在阿拉伯联合酋长国举行的为期两天的谈判由特朗普总统的特使贾里德·库什纳和史蒂夫·维特科夫牵头。周四，这两位美国人计划在莫斯科会见俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·V·普京，随后在都柏林会见乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基。
The two days of talks between Ukrainian and Russian delegations in the United Arab Emirates were led by President Trump’s envoys, Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff. On Thursday, the two Americans are scheduled to meet with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia in Moscow and then with President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine in Dublin.
美方周三表示，他们将努力敲定库什纳所称这场战争中最大规模人道主义交换的细节。
The Americans said on Wednesday that they would work to nail down the details of what Mr. Kushner billed as the largest humanitarian swap of the war.
在阿布扎比的谈判代表讨论了俄罗斯提出的改革欧洲安全架构的要求后，两位特使还试图争取莫斯科同意扩大谈判范围，让欧洲人参与进来。
The envoys are also trying to secure agreement from Moscow to widen the talks to include Europeans, after negotiators in Abu Dhabi discussed Russia’s demands to overhaul European security structures.
欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩本周重申了欧洲的长期立场，表示必须先实现停火，才能进行此类讨论。这一顺序安排将避免在枪口下谈判，并检验俄罗斯是否遵守任何协议。
Reiterating a longstanding European position, Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, the European Union’s executive arm, said this week that a cease-fire must come before such discussions. That sequencing would avoid negotiating at gunpoint and test Russian compliance with any agreements.
但库什纳和维特科夫在近两年的和平努力毫无成果之后试图找到前进的道路，正推动满足莫斯科的愿望，即在讨论乌克兰停火和领土问题的同时，谈判欧洲战后安全态势。
But Mr. Kushner and Mr. Witkoff, trying to find a path forward after nearly two years of fruitless peacemaking efforts, are pushing to grant Moscow its wish of negotiating the postwar security posture in Europe alongside discussions about a cease-fire and territory in Ukraine.
“我们确实相信，随着我们讨论这些其他问题，我们将找到一条同时解决所有问题的途径，”库什纳说。白宫正试图扩大谈判范围，以打破乌克兰具体事项上的僵局。
“We do believe that as we discuss these other issues, we’ll find a pathway to settle them all at the same time,” Mr. Kushner said. The White House is trying to expand the scope of negotiations to break the deadlock on Ukraine-specific matters.
华盛顿认为，在俄罗斯了解欧洲战后安全架构将是什么样子之前，不会同意任何关于乌克兰领土的事项。
Washington believes that the Russians will not agree to anything regarding territory in Ukraine until they understand what the postwar security architecture in Europe will look like.
在阿布扎比谈判伊始，库什纳表示，讨论的部分目的是让“俄罗斯人同意最终允许欧洲人参加会议，使其成为多边形式，我们认为这将对取得进展至关重要。”库什纳和威特科夫将于周四在莫斯科直接向普京陈述理由。
At the outset of the Abu Dhabi negotiations, Mr. Kushner said that the discussions were aimed in part at getting “the Russians to agree to finally allow the Europeans into the meeting to make it a multilateral format, which we believe will be very essential toward making progress.”Mr. Kushner and Mr. Witkoff will make the case directly to Mr. Putin in Moscow on Thursday.
俄罗斯领导人已明确表示，他的战争关乎的远不止乌克兰。近五年前，在入侵前夕，俄罗斯要求大幅收缩美国在欧洲的力量。莫斯科辩称，北约基础设施和部队轮换正在侵蚀俄罗斯，应局限于1997年前加入美国领导的联盟的国家。
The Russian leader has made clear that his war is about far more than Ukraine. Nearly five years ago, in the run-up to the invasion, Russia demanded a dramatic rollback of American power in Europe. NATO infrastructure and troop rotations were encroaching on Russia, Moscow argued, and should be confined to countries that joined the U.S.-led alliance before 1997.
实际上，这将意味着结束北约成员国的部队轮换，并将联盟的基础设施和武器从波罗的海国家、中东欧以及现在的芬兰和瑞典撤出，后两国在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后加入了北约。俄罗斯还坚持要求禁止乌克兰加入北约。
Practically speaking, that would mean ending NATO-country troop rotations and pulling the alliance’s infrastructure and weaponry out of the Baltics, Central and Eastern Europe and now Finland and Sweden, which joined NATO after Russia invaded Ukraine. Russia also insisted that Ukraine be barred from joining NATO.
战争爆发时，拜登政府及其欧洲盟友将莫斯科施压下对北约态势的任何改变视为不可想象，但特朗普政府已对俄罗斯的要求予以倾听。目前不清楚俄罗斯在当前谈判中多大程度上坚持那些战前要求。
When the war started, the Biden administration and its European allies dismissed any changes to NATO’s posture under pressure from Moscow as unthinkable, but the Trump administration has given Russia’s demands a hearing. It is unclear how closely Russia is sticking to those prewar demands in the current talks.
克里姆林宫猛烈抨击欧洲，因为该大陆已成为乌克兰在战争中最坚定的支持者，并称赞特朗普政府采取了务实的做法。在阿布扎比，俄罗斯官员继续对欧洲人进行抨击。
The Kremlin has lashed out at Europe as the continent has become Ukraine’s staunchest backer in the war and praised the Trump administration for taking a practical approach. In Abu Dhabi, Russian officials continued their swipes at the Europeans.
“我相信，当他们的良知觉醒之时，他们有可能成为和平谈判的参与者，”前文化部长、率领俄罗斯谈判代表团的弗拉基米尔·梅金斯基在谈判后对记者说，指的是欧洲人。
“I believe that the moment their conscience awakens, they could potentially become participants in peace negotiations,” Vladimir Medinsky, the former culture minister leading the Russian negotiating team at the talks, told reporters afterward, referring to the Europeans.
梅金斯基在谈判后对俄罗斯国家媒体表示，目标是“在欧洲建立一个全面的安全体系，作为新的、现代版的‘雅尔塔和波茨坦’。”他指的是二战期间美国、英国和苏联决定欧洲战后秩序、将欧洲大部分地区置于铁幕之后的会议。
Mr. Medinsky told Russian state news after the talks that the goal was “to create a comprehensive security system in Europe that serves as a new, modern-day ‘Yalta and Potsdam.’”He was referring to the meetings during World War II when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union decided the postwar order of Europe, placing much of it behind the Iron Curtain.
欧洲官员在是否应直接与俄罗斯谈判——以及如果谈判，由谁代表他们——的问题上仍存在分歧。普京没有表现出想要结束战争的迹象：俄罗斯加强了对乌克兰城市的袭击，试图让这些城市在这个冬天变得不适合居住。
European officials remain divided on whether they should negotiate directly with Russia — and, if so, who should represent them. Mr. Putin has shown no sign of wanting to end the war: Russia has intensified attacks on Ukrainian cities in an effort to make them unlivable this winter.
欧洲领导人对任何暗示——如梅金斯基的暗示——即美国和俄罗斯可能在没有欧洲参与的情况下谈判欧洲未来的安全安排并决定大陆命运，也感到愤怒。
European leaders have also bristled at any suggestion — like Mr. Medinsky’s — that the United States and Russia might negotiate future security arrangements in Europe and decide the continent’s fate without them.
“在我们头顶上达成关于乌克兰和欧洲未来的安排不仅不明智，”波兰外长拉多斯瓦夫·西科尔斯基上周表示，“实际上是不可能的。”由于担心其影响，英国、法国、德国、欧盟和北约派官员前往阿布扎比。他们没有与俄罗斯人会面，而是分别与美国人和乌克兰人进行了磋商。
“An arrangement about the future of Ukraine and of Europe above our heads would not just be unwise,” the Polish foreign minister, Radoslaw Sikorski, said last week. “It is actually impossible.”Concerned about the implications, Britain, France, Germany, the European Union and NATO sent officials to Abu Dhabi.
“如果他们是以游客身份来的，就让他们在酒店大堂酒吧聊天，讨论他们自己的事，”梅金斯基说。“当他们提出一些具体建议时，我们届时会考虑。”尽管有这些言论，克里姆林宫近几周已释放信号，表示更愿意与欧洲人直接接触。普京上月对芬兰和挪威领导人打来的电话表示欢迎，而其他一些欧洲领导人谴责这通电话破坏了欧洲大陆在俄罗斯问题上的团结。
They did not meet with the Russians but consulted separately with the Americans and the Ukrainians. “If they have come here as tourists, let them chat in the hotel lobby bar and discuss their own affairs,” Mr. Medinsky said. “When they bring forward some concrete proposals, we will then consider them.”Despite such comments, the Kremlin has signaled in recent weeks that it is more amenable to engaging directly with the Europeans.
普京的外交政策顾问尤里·乌沙科夫10月在接受俄罗斯国家电视台采访时表示，去年普京与特朗普在阿拉斯加举行峰会后，曾有一种感觉，认为美国可以主导和平协议的条件，并迫使基辅达成协议。
Mr. Putin welcomed a call from the leaders of Finland and Norway last month that some other European leaders denounced as endangering continental unity on Russia.
“但这没有奏效，因为只与基辅对话是不够的，”乌沙科夫说。“必须与整个欧洲对话，欧洲完全支持基辅，也许欧洲的立场在这里至关重要。”尽管一些欧洲人犹豫是否要在没有明确迹象表明普京准备结束战争的情况下与普京接触，但其他欧洲人已开始支持直接接触，尤其是在美国主导的谈判于2月中断后恢复之际。
Mr. Putin’s foreign policy adviser Yuri Ushakov said in an interview on Russian state television in October that there had been a sense, after the summit last year between Mr. Putin and Mr. Trump in Alaska, that the United States could dictate terms of a peace deal and force Kyiv into an agreement. “But that hasn’t worked out, because it’s not enough to talk only to Kyiv,” Mr. Ushakov said. “One must speak to all of Europe, which completely supports Kyiv, and maybe the position of Europe is of key importance here.”
“我们也准备作为一个团队主动接触俄罗斯同行，确保我们确实对实现欧洲所有人的安全与和平需要什么抱有同样的理解，”法国总统的外交顾问埃马纽埃尔·博纳周三在阿布扎比举行的欧洲、美国与乌克兰会议开幕致辞中说。
Despite hesitancy among some Europeans to engage with Mr. Putin without a clear sign that he is ready to end the war, other Europeans have begun to support direct engagement, particularly as the U.S.-led talks resume after halting in February.
威特科夫上月因在俄罗斯圣彼得堡称普京是“人道主义者”而受到批评，此前一名被扣押的美国人获释。他没有在会谈后于阿布扎比举行的新闻发布会上发言。
“We are ready also to reach out as one team to Russian colleagues and make sure that indeed we have the same understanding of what it takes to achieve security and peace for all in Europe,” Emmanuel Bonne, a diplomatic adviser to the French president, said on Wednesday in opening remarks at the meeting between the Europeans, Americans and Ukrainians in Abu Dhabi. Mr. Witkoff, who drew fire for calling Mr. Putin a “humanitarian” in St. Petersburg, Russia, last month after the release of an American detainee, did not speak at the news briefing in Abu Dhabi that followed the talks.
当被问及欧洲人推举一人代表他们在谈判中发言是否有帮助时，库什纳表示那将非常了不起，这番话暗指欧洲人数周来一直就谁应担任这一代表而内斗。
Asked whether it would be helpful for the Europeans to put forward one person to represent them in the talks, Mr. Kushner said that would be remarkable, an allusion to weeks of infighting among Europeans on who such a representative should be.
“如果欧洲能找出一个人代表他们发言，那将比让俄罗斯人把他们纳入谈判取得更大的成就，”库什纳开玩笑说。
“If Europe could identify one person to speak on their behalf, that would be a bigger achievement than getting the Russians to include them in the negotiation,” Mr. Kushner joked.
他说，如果不允许欧洲人与美国人一起谈判，俄罗斯就无法达成战后安全协议，但目前俄罗斯与欧洲之间缺乏信任。
He said that Russia would not get a deal on postwar security without allowing the Europeans to negotiate alongside the Americans, but that there was no trust between Russia and Europe at this point.
“我们多次直接向普京总统及其团队转达，完成这件事的唯一方式就是让他们站在我们这边，”库什纳说。“我认为他们是愿意接受的。”本文报道由驻柏林的史蒂文·厄兰格、驻慕尼黑的奥列格·马茨涅夫、驻布鲁塞尔的珍娜·斯米亚莱克、驻乌克兰基辅的安德鲁·E·克莱默以及驻阿联酋迪拜的伊斯梅尔·纳尔提供。保罗·索恩是莫斯科分社社长，负责俄罗斯、高加索和中亚地区的报道。他常驻柏林。
“We relayed to President Putin directly several times and to his team that the only way to get this done is to have them by our side,” Mr. Kushner said. “And I think that they’re receptive to it.”Reporting was contributed by Steven Erlanger from Berlin, Oleg Matsnev from Munich, Jeanna Smialek from Brussels, Andrew E. Kramer from Kyiv, Ukraine, and Ismaeel Naar from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Paul Sonne is the Moscow bureau chief, leading coverage of Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. He is based in Berlin.