对于在2024年7月至8月孟加拉国起义中失去亲人的家庭来说，谢赫·哈西娜身在印度，远不止是一个政治避难的问题。一些家庭正在照顾受伤的亲人，另一些则因失去至亲而备受打击。父母们面对着空荡荡的房间。当这位被推翻的总理从印度对孟加拉国民众发表讲话时，问题随之而来：为民主付出代价的人，凭什么要眼睁睁看着他们认定的罪魁祸首继续在国外干预孟加拉国的政治？
For families who lost relatives in Bangladesh’s July-August 2024 uprising, Sheikh Hasina’s presence in India is far more than just a question of political refuge. Some are caring for injured relatives, while others have been left devastated by their losses. Parents have rooms that are now empty. When the ousted prime minister speaks to Bangladeshis from India, the question arises: Why should those who paid the price for democracy have to watch the very person they hold responsible for their suffering continue to intervene in Bangladesh’s politics from abroad?
2025年2月，联合国人权事务高级专员办事处估计，2024年起义期间可能多达1400人丧生，数千人受伤。报告认定前政府、安全部队和人民联盟的暴力分子实施了系统性镇压，并得出结论认为，存在一项暴力镇压的官方政策，这值得进一步调查是否构成危害人类罪。这些是国际调查的事实认定，而非刑事判决。
In February 2025, the UN Human Rights Office estimated that as many as 1,400 people may have been killed during the 2024 uprising, with thousands more injured. It identified systematic repression by the former government, the security forces and violent elements of the Awami League, and concluded that there was an official policy of violent suppression that warranted further investigation into potential crimes against humanity. These were international findings of fact, not a criminal verdict.
后续的国内司法程序处理了个人责任问题。2025年11月，孟加拉国国际罪行法庭判定哈西娜犯有危害人类罪，包括煽动和教唆暴行、下令对抗议者使用致命武力。法庭还依据上级指挥责任原则认定她应负责任，并缺席判处其死刑。她称该审判是出于政治动机。她的否认丝毫不减受害者获得正义的权利。孟加拉国已请求印度引渡她，但她仍留在印度。
Subsequent domestic proceedings dealt with individual responsibility. In November 2025, Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal found Hasina guilty of crimes against humanity, including instigating and abetting the atrocities and ordering lethal force against protesters. It also held her responsible under the doctrine of superior command responsibility and sentenced her to death in absentia. She has called the trial politically motivated. Her denial in no way diminishes the victims’ right to justice. Bangladesh has requested her extradition from India, but she remains there.
在总理塔里克·拉赫曼领导下，政府正试图修复受损的经济，并重建因多年专制统治而严重受损的政治文化。然而，哈西娜的海外支持者仍在社交媒体上宣扬她政治复出的前景。此类言论加剧了对孟加拉国民主转型前景的不确定性，尤其是对仍在等待伸张正义的家庭而言。
Under Prime Minister Tarique Rahman, the government is attempting to repair a damaged economy and to re-establish a political culture that has been badly scarred by years of autocratic rule. Yet Hasina’s supporters abroad continue to promote the prospect of her political comeback on social media. Such messages fuel uncertainty about the future of Bangladesh’s democratic transition, particularly for families still waiting for justice.
当选政府及所有致力于这一转型的政治组织，有责任捍卫它。它们应以事实信息和法律行动回应任何破坏转型的企图，并将受害者置于政策核心。但只要哈西娜仍留在印度，孟加拉国就无法独自解决这些担忧。
The elected government and all political organisations committed to that transition have a responsibility to defend it. They should respond to any attempts to destabilise it with factual information and legal action, keeping victims at the heart of their policies. But Bangladesh cannot address these concerns alone while Hasina remains in India.
乔治城大学政治学家C·克里斯汀·费尔在接受《Prothom Alo》采访时表示，哈西娜对印度一直有用，新德里不会将其移交。但印度决定庇护哈西娜是一回事；允许她继续从印度领土干预孟加拉国政治则是另一回事。
In an interview with Prothom Alo, C Christine Fair, a political scientist at Georgetown University, said that Hasina had been useful to India and that New Delhi would not hand her over. But India’s decision to shelter Hasina is one issue; allowing her to continue intervening in Bangladesh’s politics from Indian territory is another.
2026年1月，孟加拉国外交部指责哈西娜在新德里出席公开活动后煽动暴力，意图扰乱即将到来的选举。费尔质疑，为何新德里似乎不愿约束哈西娜，而此前曾说服包括达赖喇嘛和昂山素季在内的外国政治人物保持克制。她认为，印度的国内政治解释了这种差异。从孟加拉国的角度来看，这引发了一个问题：当邻国的关切与自身的政治算计发生冲突时，新德里究竟给予多大分量。
In January 2026, Bangladesh’s Foreign Ministry accused Hasina of inciting violence to disrupt the forthcoming elections after she addressed a public event in New Delhi. Fair questioned why New Delhi appeared unwilling to restrain Hasina when it had previously persuaded foreign political figures, including the Dalai Lama and Aung San Suu Kyi, to exercise restraint. She suggested that India’s domestic politics explained the difference. From Bangladesh’s perspective, this raises questions about how much weight New Delhi gives to its neighbour’s concerns when they conflict with its own political calculations.
无论新德里的立场受何种政治考量影响，孟加拉国的引渡请求必须依据其法律依据进行评估。一个人的政治身份并不自动构成拒绝引渡的理由。《印度-孟加拉国引渡条约》第六条明确将谋杀、煽动谋杀及若干相关罪行排除在政治犯罪例外之外。其他拒绝引渡的理由和保障条款仍然适用。
Whatever political considerations shape New Delhi’s position, Bangladesh’s extradition request must be assessed on its legal merits. A person’s political status does not automatically prevent extradition. Article 6 of the India-Bangladesh extradition treaty specifically excludes murder, incitement to murder and a number of related offences from the political offence exception. Other grounds and safeguards for refusal remain applicable.
通过持续的外交接触，孟加拉国政府应向达卡方面明确表示，希望在主权平等的基础上与印度建立建设性关系，并期待印度对其引渡请求作出严肃回应。孟加拉国还应要求新德里确保其领土不被用于煽动针对孟加拉国的暴力或威胁其民众。具体事件应予以记录，并应明确区分和平的政治表达与暴力煽动。
Through sustained diplomatic engagement, the government of Bangladesh should make clear that Dhaka wants constructive relations with India on the basis of sovereign equality and expects a serious response to its extradition request. It should also ask New Delhi to ensure that its territory is not used to incite violence in Bangladesh or threaten its people. Specific incidents should be documented, and peaceful political expression should be clearly distinguished from calls for violence.
如果印度认真对待重置与孟加拉国的关系，就必须尊重该国的民主授权，并承认其民众的苦难。保护一名前独裁者逃避问责只会加深不信任。谢赫·哈西娜必须返回孟加拉国，亲自就其政府任内发生的杀戮和滥用职权行为接受审判，并面对任何进一步的合法程序。她的归来必须为受害者伸张正义，并有助于恢复孟加拉国极力重建的法治。
If India is serious about resetting its relationship with Bangladesh, it has to respect the democratic mandate of that country and acknowledge the suffering of its people. Protecting a former dictator from accountability will only serve to increase mistrust. Sheikh Hasina must return to Bangladesh to answer in person for the killings and abuses committed under her government and to face any further lawful proceedings. Her return must deliver justice to the victims and help restore the rule of law that Bangladesh is so keen to re-establish.