伊朗警告称，如果美国在欧洲的军事基地被用于攻击伊斯兰共和国，这些基地可能面临导弹袭击。从英国、德国到意大利、法国，若伊朗实施报复，多个欧洲国家可能发现自己处于德黑兰的打击范围之内。
Iran has warned that US military bases across Europe could face missile strikes if they are used to attack the Islamic republic. From Britain and Germany to Italy and France, several European nations could find themselves caught in Tehran's firing line in the event of an Iranian retaliation.
伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书、少将穆赫辛·雷扎伊周四在接受黎巴嫩广播电视台“马亚丁”采访时警告称，如果美国对伊朗发动新的袭击，德黑兰可能将打击目标扩大至欧洲国家境内的美军基地。他表示，任何新的美国对伊攻击都可能促使伊朗武力“甚至打击欧洲国家的一些美国军事基地”。
Iran's top security official has warned that Tehran could expand its list of military targets to include US bases in European countries if those installations are used to launch airstrikes against Iran. In an interview with Lebanon-based broadcaster Al Mayadeen on Thursday, Major General Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, said that any fresh American attack on Iran could prompt Tehran’s forces to "even target some American military bases in European countries".
虽然伊朗曾用导弹和无人机袭击中东地区驻有美军基地的国家，但欧洲大陆距离伊朗超过3000公里。伊朗威胁打击附近的美国资产，是因为美国本土距离超过11000公里。
While Iran has attacked countries hosting US bases in the Middle East with missiles and drones, continental Europe is at a distance of over 3,000 km. Iran threatens to target American assets nearby because the US is over 11,000 km away.
这并非伊朗文职和军方官员首次威胁打击驻有美军的欧洲国家。11月初，伊朗议会国家安全委员会成员艾哈迈德·巴赫沙耶什·阿尔德斯塔尼在接受法国广播电视台“欧洲新闻台”采访时表示：“如果美国使用其在欧洲的基地，包括在意大利和德国的基地，伊朗的导弹将向欧洲发射。”甚至在今年2月28日当前战争爆发前，外交部长阿巴斯·阿拉格齐在接受卡塔尔半岛电视台采访时也曾发出类似警告。
This is not the first time Iranian officials, both civilian and military, have threatened to strike European countries hosting American forces. Earlier in November, Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani, a member of the Iranian parliament’s National Security Committee, told France-based broadcaster Euronews, "If America uses its bases in Europe, including in Italy and Germany, Iran's missiles will be fired towards Europe." Even before the current war began on February 28 this year, Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi had issued a similar warning during an interview with Qatar-based Al Jazeera.
尽管如此，西方正严肃对待伊朗对欧洲美军设施实施报复的威胁。《华尔街日报》本周早些时候报道称，受伊朗威胁影响，驻扎在英国一空军基地的美军空中加油机被紧急撤离。
Nevertheless, the threat of Iranian retaliation against American military installations in Europe is being taken seriously in the West. The Wall Street Journal reported earlier this week that US Air Force refuelling aircraft stationed at an airbase in the UK were hastily evacuated amid Iranian threats.
二战结束以来，欧洲国家一直驻扎着美军。最初，美军作为占领军部署在欧洲大陆，这是在纳粹德国及其盟国战败之后。此后，美军已演变为欧洲安全架构的关键支柱，包括通过北约联盟。即使在今天，数千名美军士兵连同军事装备和飞机仍驻扎在整个欧洲，以威慑潜在威胁并支持美军在全球的军事行动。
European countries have hosted American troops since the end of World War II. Initially deployed on the continent as an occupying force following the defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies, US forces have since evolved into a critical pillar of Europe's security architecture, including through the Nato alliance. Even today, thousands of American troops, along with military equipment and aircraft, remain stationed across Europe to deter potential threats and support US military operations worldwide.
这种广泛的美军军事存在，也是将欧洲置于德黑兰火力范围内的风险所在，如果伊朗对美国的袭击进行报复的话。
This extensive American military presence is also what risks drawing Europe into Tehran's line of fire if Iran retaliates against a US attack.
英国、德国、意大利最可能成为伊朗报复的目标 英国拥有多个主要美军军事设施，包括费尔福德皇家空军基地、米尔登霍尔皇家空军基地和莱肯希斯皇家空军基地。费尔福德由美国战略轰炸机使用，米尔登霍尔部署空中加油机，而莱肯希斯则驻扎着美军战斗机中队。
UK, GERMANY, ITALY, MOST LIKELY TO BE TARGETED IN IRANIAN RETALIATION The UK hosts several major US military installations, including RAF Fairford, RAF Mildenhall and RAF Lakenheath. Fairford is used by American strategic bombers, Mildenhall hosts aerial refuelling aircraft, while Lakenheath is home to US fighter squadrons.
7月，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队（IRGC）明确警告，任何被华盛顿用于攻击伊朗的英国基地，包括费尔福德皇家空军基地，都将被视为“合法目标”。它指责伦敦协助美国针对德黑兰的军事行动。
In July, Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) explicitly warned that any British base used by Washington to attack Iran, including RAF Fairford, would be considered a "legitimate target". It accused London of facilitating American military operations against Tehran.
9月，英国反恐警察调查费尔福德皇家空军基地附近的一起涉嫌阴谋，包括可能与伊朗有关的联系，安全担忧随之加剧。据天空新闻和《华尔街日报》报道，11月9日，九架美军KC-135加油机和三架“鱼鹰”运输机在据报与伊朗有关的威胁后，被转移出米尔登霍尔皇家空军基地。威胁的确切性质仍不清楚。
The security concerns intensified in September when British counterterrorism police investigated a suspected plot near RAF Fairford, including a possible Iranian connection. On November 9, nine US KC-135 refuelling aircraft and three Ospreys were moved out of RAF Mildenhall following a reported Iran-linked threat, according to Sky News and The Wall Street Journal. The exact nature of the threat remains unclear.
与此同时，德国拥有两个主要美军军事设施，即拉姆施泰因和施潘达勒姆。拉姆施泰因是美军主要的空运和后勤枢纽，而施潘达勒姆则部署有美军战斗机。
Germany, meanwhile, hosts two major American military installations, Ramstein and Spangdahlem. Ramstein is a major US Air Force mobility and logistics hub, while Spangdahlem hosts American fighter aircraft.
11月3日，伊朗报纸《哈姆沙赫里》在一张潜在打击目标地图上，标出了德国境内的美军设施，包括拉姆施泰因空军基地和斯潘达勒姆空军基地，以应对与华盛顿可能重燃的冲突。
On November 3, Iranian newspaper Hamshahri identified US military installations in Germany, including Ramstein and Spangdahlem, on a map of potential targets in the event of renewed conflict with Washington.
此外，路透社10月8日报道称，以色列情报部门曾向德国和美国发出警告，称伊朗可能对该国境内的美军基地构成威胁。据报道，该警告重点涉及拉姆施泰因和斯潘达勒姆基地，这两个基地支撑着美军的行动和后勤。路透社报道，德国也在监测伊朗活动的增加。
Separately, Reuters reported on October 8 that Israeli intelligence had warned Germany and the US about a potential Iranian threat to American bases in the country. The warning reportedly focused on Ramstein and Spangdahlem, which support US military operations and logistics. Germany was also monitoring increased Iranian activity, Reuters reported.
意大利设有主要美军设施，包括阿维亚诺空军基地和锡格内拉海军航空站。阿维亚诺部署有美军战斗机中队，而锡格内拉是美军海军航空、监视和后勤行动的重要枢纽。
Italy hosts major American military facilities, including Aviano Air Base and Naval Air Station Sigonella. Aviano hosts US fighter squadrons, while Sigonella is an important hub for American naval aviation, surveillance and logistical operations.
这两处设施均被标注在《哈姆沙赫里》11月3日的潜在打击目标地图上。该报的插图将九个欧洲国家境内的美军设施标识为若与美国再次发生对抗时的可能打击目标。
Both installations were identified in Hamshahri's November 3 map of potential targets. The newspaper's illustration identified American military facilities across nine European countries as possible targets in the event of another confrontation with the US.
11月4日，伊朗议员艾哈迈德·巴赫沙耶什·阿尔德斯塔尼明确点名意大利和德国，警告称如果华盛顿利用其在两国的军事基地攻击伊朗，德黑兰将向欧洲发射导弹。他还警告称，协助美军军事行动的国家可能面临后果。
On November 4, Iranian parliamentarian Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani explicitly named Italy and Germany, warning that if Washington used its military bases in those countries to attack Iran, Tehran would fire missiles towards Europe. He also warned that countries assisting American military operations could face consequences.
其他欧洲国家也面临风险 除英国、德国和意大利外，伊朗媒体还将其他几个欧洲国家列为潜在报复目标地点。这些国家包括法国、希腊、罗马尼亚、阿尔巴尼亚、葡萄牙和塞浦路斯。11月3日，德黑兰市政厅主管的报纸《哈姆沙赫里》发布了一张地图，标出了这九个欧洲国家境内的美军设施，将其列为若与美国再爆发战争时的潜在打击目标。
OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS ALSO AT RISK Beyond the UK, Germany and Italy, Iranian media have identified several other European countries as potential locations for retaliation. These include France, Greece, Romania, Albania, Portugal and Cyprus. On November 3, Tehran Municipality-affiliated newspaper Hamshahri published a map marking American military installations across these nine European countries as potential targets in the event of another war with the US.
法国拥有伊斯特尔空军基地，而希腊在克里特岛拥有战略要地苏达湾海军设施，该设施由美军和北约部队使用。在塞浦路斯，英控的皇家空军阿克罗蒂里基地是西方在东地中海和中东地区开展监视和军事支援行动的关键设施。上述三个地点均出现在伊朗报纸的地图上。
France hosts the Istres Air Base, while Greece has the strategically important Souda Bay naval facility in Crete, which is used by American and Nato forces. In Cyprus, the British-controlled RAF Akrotiri is a key facility for Western surveillance and military support operations in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. All three locations featured on the Iranian newspaper's map.
地图上标注的其他国家包括：拥有米哈伊尔·科加尔尼恰努空军基地的罗马尼亚；拥有北约库乔沃空军基地的阿尔巴尼亚；以及美国在亚速尔群岛使用拉热斯机场进行空中运输和后勤保障的葡萄牙。
The other countries identified were Romania, which hosts the Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base, Albania, home to the NATO air base at Kucove, and Portugal, where the US uses Lajes Field in the Azores islands for air transit and logistical support.
然而，德黑兰的威胁并非铁板钉钉的保证，不能确保位于法国或德国的美军基地会陷入火海。伊朗将如何尝试打击这些设施仍不清楚——是通过可能被拦截的远程导弹袭击，还是部署特工在欧洲破坏美军设施。
Tehran's threats, however, are no iron-clad guarantee that American bases in France or Germany will go up in flames. It remains unclear how Iran would attempt to strike these installations — through long-range missile attacks, which could be intercepted, or by deploying operatives in Europe to sabotage American military facilities.
尽管如此，自2月28日以来伊朗对海湾国家的反复袭击表明，如果德黑兰认为这样做能削弱美国的军事能力，它愿意打击甚至名义上的中立国家，这是欧洲领导人可能需要铭记的。
Nevertheless, the repeated Iranian attacks on Gulf countries since February 28 demonstrate Tehran's willingness to strike even ostensibly neutral nations if it believes doing so could undermine America's military capabilities, something European leaders may want to keep in mind.