
民主党正试图充分利用这一时机。作者:Russell Berman 周四,David Crowley 兴高采烈地冲进威斯康星大学怀特沃特分校的竞选集会,他有充足的理由感到得意。前一晚,他家乡的球队密尔沃基酿酒人队赢得了球队 56 年历史上的首个世界大赛冠军。同一天发布的一项新民调显示,Crowley 在下周创造历史、成为威斯康星州首位黑人州长的竞争中处于有利位置。
The party is trying to take maximum advantage of the moment. By Russell Berman David Crowley had every reason to exalt as he bounded into a campaign rally at the University of Wisconsin at Whitewater on Thursday. The night before, the Milwaukee County executive’s hometown Brewers won the World Series for the first time in their 56-year existence. A new poll released the same day found Crowley to be in a strong position to make his own history next week, by becoming the first Black governor of Wisconsin.
但让 Crowley 更加兴奋、向人群宣称“这就是我有点飘飘然的时候!”的,是一个更大的潜在胜利。当时他身穿酿酒人队套头衫,脚踏威斯康星切达奶酪色的运动鞋。威斯康星州的民主党人已开始设想,他们不仅能保住州长宝座,还能首次自 2008 年以来夺回州议会两院的控制权。“想想我们将能做什么,”Crowley 对着欢呼雀跃的学生人群说道。
But it was an even bigger potential victory that prompted Crowley, wearing a Brewers pullover and sneakers the color of Wisconsin cheddar, to declare to the crowd: “This is where I get a little giddy!”Democrats in Wisconsin have begun to imagine that they can not only retain the governorship but also capture control of both chambers of the state legislature for the first time since 2008. “Think about what we’re going to be able to do with that,” Crowley told the crowd of students who cheered the possibility.
这种全面胜利将为民主党在威斯康星州的显著反弹画上句号。威斯康星州在总统层面是摇摆州,但直到最近,共和党一直紧紧掌控着州议会。统一政府将允许民主党废除前州长 Scott Walker 首创的一系列保守政策,并扭转共和党议员多年来实施的预算削减。
Such a sweep would cap a remarkable comeback for Democrats in Wisconsin, a swing state at the presidential level where, until recently, Republicans have maintained a tight grip on the legislature. Unified government would allow Democrats to undo a raft of conservative policies first enacted by former Governor Scott Walker and reverse years of budget cuts imposed by GOP lawmakers.
威斯康星州民主党争取“三权合一”(trifecta)的努力,是更广泛行动的一部分,旨在充分利用数十年来似乎最有利于民主党的全国选举环境。他们有机会在亚利桑那州、宾夕法尼亚州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州等州赢得全面控制权,同时在许多其他州削弱共和党的多数优势。“我们看到的可能是州立法权力的代际性转移,”民主党立法竞选委员会主席 Heather Williams 告诉我。
The Democrats’ drive for a trifecta in Wisconsin is part of a broader effort to take maximum advantage of what seems to be one of their most favorable national electoral environments in decades. They have a chance to win full control in states including Arizona, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Minnesota while cutting into Republican majorities in many others. “We’re looking at what could be a generational shift in state legislative power,” Heather Williams, the president of the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee, told me.
州一级的大选胜利可能比民主党在争夺国会控制权的战斗中获胜带来更直接的政策变化,因为联邦政府分裂将很可能导致特朗普总统任期最后两年出现立法僵局。民主党在更多州实现全面控制,也可能扭转全国范围的重划选区之争,给该党提供新的机会来遏制特朗普在红州推行的杰利蜥蜴式划分选区。
Sweeps at the state level could yield more immediate policy changes than even Democratic victories in the battle for control of Congress, because a split federal government would likely result in legislative gridlock during President Trump’s final two years in office. Full Democratic control in more states could also upend the nationwide redistricting wars, giving the party fresh opportunities to counter Trump’s red-state gerrymandering push.
多年来,共和党在州立法机构竞选上投入的关注和资金远多于民主党。2010年,这种重点投入取得了回报:奥巴马总统首个任期内的一场共和党浪潮,不仅让共和党夺得众议院多数席位,还帮助他们在全国范围内翻转了20个州立法机构议院。
For years, Republicans devoted far more attention and money to state legislative races than Democrats did. In 2010, that focus paid off when a GOP wave during President Obama’s first term not only swept Republicans into the House majority but helped them flip 20 state legislative chambers across the country.
民主党人多年来一直在追赶,试图——有时徒劳无功——说服一个痴迷于总统大选的捐助者群体,在成本较低但关注度不高的下层选举(downballot races)上投入资金,是一项更具性价比的投资。这一信息终于传达出去了。
Democrats have spent years playing catch-up, trying—occasionally in vain—to convince a donor base obsessed with presidential politics that spending money on cheaper but less sexy downballot races is a more cost-effective investment. That message is finally getting through.
2019年初,我曾撰文介绍一个名为“未来现在”(Future Now)的组织,它是特朗普首次当选后成立的一系列民主党团体之一,专注于建立州一级的力量。当时,“未来现在”希望筹集约1000万美元,帮助民主党在2020年翻转州立法机构席位。该组织此后更名为“州项目”(States Project),并已筹集1亿美元用于今年的支出。
In early 2019, I wrote about an organization called Future Now, one of a constellation of Democratic groups that formed with a focus on building state-level power in the aftermath of Trump’s first win. At the time, Future Now was hoping to spend about $10 million to help Democrats flip state legislative races in 2020. The group has since changed its name to the States Project, and it has raised $100 million to spend this year.
“所以我们取得了很大进展,”其联合创始人丹尼尔·斯夸德龙(Daniel Squadron)告诉我。但他指出,共和党在许多州的支出仍超过民主党,这可能限制民主党的收益:“我确实认为,我们正在白白丢掉一些本可赢得的席位。”
“So we’ve made a lot of progress,” its co-founder Daniel Squadron told me. But he noted that Republicans are still outspending Democrats in many states, which could limit the party’s gains: “I do believe that we are leaving seats on the table.”
民主党重振州一级力量的关注,在威斯康星州产生的后果最为深远。那里多年来为松绑共和党对立法机构的控制而进行的努力,宛如一场慢动作的多米诺骨牌游戏。十年前,共和党掌握州长职位,并在立法机构拥有接近超级多数的席位。2018年,托尼·埃弗斯(Tony Evers)以微弱优势击败共和党州长斯科特·沃克(Scott Walker);同年,民主党开始通过一系列司法选举蚕食保守派在州最高法院的多数优势,双方在该系列选举中共投入数千万美元。
Nowhere has the Democrats’ renewed focus on state power proved more consequential than in Wisconsin, where a years-long drive to loosen the GOP’s stranglehold on the legislature has resembled a slow-motion game of dominoes. A decade ago, Republicans held the governorship and near-supermajorities in the legislature. In 2018, Tony Evers narrowly ousted Republican Governor Scott Walker, and that same year, Democrats began chipping away at the conservative majority on the state supreme court through a series of judicial elections that drew tens of millions of dollars in spending from both sides.
2023年,自由派赢得法院多数席位,随后推翻了共和党绘制的立法选区地图,裁定其支离破碎、互不相连的领土划分违反州宪法。新选区界线在2024年大选中生效,尽管特朗普在威斯康星州以微弱优势击败卡玛拉·哈里斯(Kamala Harris),民主党仍在州参议院和州众议院赢得了席位。这些胜利反过来使他们有望在今年争取“三权合一”(trifecta,即同时控制州长和立法机构两院)。
In 2023, liberals won a majority on the court, which soon overturned the Republican-drawn legislative map after ruling that its jumble of disconnected territory violated the state constitution. New district lines took effect for the 2024 election, and even though Trump narrowly carried Wisconsin over Kamala Harris, Democrats picked up seats in the state Senate and assembly. Those wins, in turn, put them in position to seek a trifecta this year.
随着2026年的到来,威斯康星州民主党持续获得势头。新的、更公平的立法选区地图促使一批资深共和党现任议员选择退休,而非面对艰难得多的连任竞选。新地图也吸引了更强的民主党候选人,例如30岁的特雷弗·荣,他是位于密歇根湖畔、去工业化城市拉辛的交通局局长。荣曾在拉辛市议会任职,正在竞选一个空缺的州参议院席位,该席位可能决定哪个党派掌握多数党地位。
WisconsinDemocrats kept gaining momentum as 2026 began. The new, fairer legislative maps prompted a slew of longtime Republican incumbents to retire rather than face much tougher reelection bids. And they attracted stronger Democratic candidates, such as Trevor Jung, the 30-year-old director of transit for Racine, a deindustrialized city on the shores of Lake Michigan. Jung, who previously served on Racine’s city council, is campaigning for an open state-Senate seat that could determine which party holds the majority.
“这就是临界点,”郑(Jung)上周告诉我。我们坐在当地民主党总部里,身后讲台上一张贝拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)微笑的硬纸板人像,提醒着人们该党在威斯康星州上一次、也是短暂的统治时期。(2008年,奥巴马在该州以近14个百分点的优势获胜,按威斯康星州的标准算是压倒性胜利,帮助民主党赢得了立法机构的多数席位。)
“This is the tipping point,” Jung told me last week. We were sitting inside the local Democratic headquarters, where a cardboard cutout of a smiling Barack Obama behind a podium served as a reminder of the party’s last, brief run of dominance in Wisconsin. (Obama carried the state by nearly 14 points in 2008, a landslide by Wisconsin standards that helped Democrats win majorities in the legislature as well.)
当我问郑,如果还是旧版选区——包含拉辛(Racine)较少、深红色农村地区较多——他会不会参选时,他笑了,笑得仿佛这个问题有点愚蠢。“不会,”他回答,“这说明这些经过杰利蝾螈式划分的选区有多糟糕。简直疯了。”
When I asked Jung whether he would have run in the old version of his district, which contained less of Racine and more deep-red rural areas, he laughed in a way that suggested the question was a bit foolish. “No,” he replied. “That is how bad these gerrymandered maps were. It was crazy.”
郑以前也沾过好运的光。他出生在克拉斯诺达尔(Krasnodar),这是一座俄罗斯城市,隔着黑海与克里米亚相望。两岁时他还是个孤儿,一位想在拉辛组建家庭的同性恋发型师飞越近半个地球来领养了他。郑感慨道,要是他在弗拉基米尔·普京(Vladimir Putin)治下的俄罗斯作为底层长大,“我现在很可能已成为战争机器的一部分。”
Jung has been the beneficiary of good fortune before. Born in Krasnodar, a Russian city across the Black Sea from Crimea, he was a 2-year-old orphan when a gay hairstylist looking to start a family in Racine flew almost halfway across the world to adopt him. Had he grown up as part of the underclass in Vladimir Putin’s Russia, Jung reflected, “I very much would have been part of the war machine now.”
相反,他在拉辛的一个蓝领社区长大,大学学习城市事务后回到这座城市,亲眼目睹了由共和党控制的立法机构推行多年紧缩预算的后果。州政府削减拨款,迫使威斯康星州各地的地方政府不得不反复举行公投提高财产税,只为维持学校开放和市政服务(包括警察部门)的运转。“立法机构中的共和党人一直在蓄意针对民主党人居住的地区,”郑说,“让这些地区没有不断壮大、成功的人口所带来的政治力量。这就是他们的做法。”
Instead, he was raised in a blue-collar section of Racine, and when he returned to the city after studying urban affairs in college, he saw the effect of years of austerity budgets imposed by the GOP-controlled legislature. Cuts in state funding have forced local governments across Wisconsin to hold repeated referenda to raise property taxes just to keep schools open and maintain municipal services, including police departments. “There has just been a concerted effort from legislative Republicans to go after areas that Democrats live in,” Jung said, “so that they don’t have the political power of a growing, successful population. That has been their approach.”
他说,这种情况持续至今,尽管威斯康星州在过去八年里一直由民主党州长埃弗斯(Evers)执政。埃弗斯曾形容自己是“守门员”,用否决权挡住共和党立法机构的进攻。
That has continued, he said, even though Wisconsin has had, in Evers, a Democratic governor for the past eight years. Evers has described himself as “the goalie,” using his veto power to hold back the Republican legislature.
在议会和参议院均占据多数席位的情况下,Jung认为民主党可以主动出击,而非被动防守。
With majorities in the assembly and the Senate, Jung argued, Democrats would be able to play offense instead of defense.
Jung告诉我,自奥巴马当选(当时他12岁)以来,他一直为民主党竞选活动做志愿者,而这一次敲开选民家门时感受到的氛围与以往截然不同。“人们厌倦了政客对待选民的方式,厌倦了政府的无能,厌倦了华盛顿的戏剧性和疯狂,”Jung说。当他告诉人们自己是民主党人时,往往会有这样的回应——“你听到这个词,就明白了,然后心想:'哦,有意思。'”Jung说。
Jung told me he’s been volunteering for Democratic campaigns since Obama’s first election—when he was 12 years old—and that the vibe he’s encountered while knocking doors this time is distinct from years past. “People are just so sick of the way that politicians have treated voters, with the way that government has been ineffective, with the drama and the craziness out of Washington,” Jung said. When he tells people he’s a Democrat, often the response is . “You hear the words , and you catch it, and you’re like, ‘Okay. This is interesting,’” Jung said.
州立法机构的竞选传统上属于低预算运作,比拼的是哪位候选人能敲开更多的门、动员更多的选民。但随着这些竞选中的投入大幅增加,它们开始类似于艰苦卓绝的国会议员竞选,包括电视上的相互攻击性负面广告。共和党人正在投放广告,将Jung称为“Tricky Trevor”,并指控他在担任威斯康星州拉辛市交通总监的同时,却以公共资金为竞选活动打广告(Jung对此一笑置之)。
State legislative campaigns have traditionally been low-budget operations, a contest of which candidate can knock on more doors and turn out more voters. But as spending on these races has surged, they’re beginning to resemble hard-fought congressional campaigns, complete with dueling negative ads on TV. Republicans are running ads calling Jung “Tricky Trevor” and accusing him of campaigning on the public dime while serving as Racine’s transit director (a charge that Jung laughed off).
在拉辛以北约半小时车程处,我会见了橡树溪市长期任职的市长丹·布基维奇,他正竞选翻转州议会中一个由共和党把持的席位。与拉辛的情况一样,共和党现任议员决定不再寻求连任。布基维奇现年61岁,比荣格年长一代,但两人都以自己在地方政府的经验作为竞选卖点,并且和全国大多数民主党人一样,着力回应选民对生活负担能力的焦虑。
About a half hour’s drive north of Racine, I met with Dan Bukiewicz, the longtime mayor of Oak Creek, who is running to flip a Republican-held seat in the state assembly. As in Racine, the GOP incumbent decided not to seek another term. Bukiewicz is, at 61, a generation older than Jung, but they’re both campaigning on their experience in local government and, along with most Democrats across the country, addressing voter angst about affordability.
“所有人都对不断上涨的成本感到不满,”布基维奇说。“人们在疾呼要求改变。”独立分析人士认为,民主党有望拿下他们夺取威斯康星州参议院所需的两个席位。他们需要在州众议院净增五个席位,但明晚的好成绩或许能让他们实现这一目标。在争取全面掌控州政府和州议会之际,民主党人正聚焦于可能对选民生活产生直接影响的提案——降低医疗保健和儿童保育成本、降低汽油价格,以及增加学校经费。
“Everybody’s upset about rising costs,” Bukiewicz said. “People are screaming for change.”Independent analysts believe the party is poised to pick up the two seats they need to capture Wisconsin’s state Senate. They need to gain five in the assembly, but a good night tomorrow could get them there. As they seek the trifecta, Democrats are focusing on proposals that could have a direct impact on voters’ lives—lowering health-care and child-care costs, lowering gas prices, and boosting funding for schools.
他们较少谈论一个让威斯康星州选举具有全国性意义的问题:选区重划。该州或许是全国分歧最接近的州;过去七次总统选举中有五次在这里以不到一个百分点的差距决出胜负。但部分由于共和党人绘制的杰利蝾螈式选区划分,共和党掌控着威斯康星州八个众议院席位中的六个。
They’re talking less about an issue that gives national stakes to the Wisconsin elections: redistricting. The state is perhaps the most closely divided in the nation; five of the past seven presidential elections here have been decided by less than a percentage point. But thanks in part to a Republican-drawn gerrymander, the GOP controls six out of Wisconsin’s eight House seats.
由于法院的挑战,无论明年哪个党派控制多数席位,威斯康星州立法机构可能都不得不重新审议该州的国会选区地图。但如果民主党同时控制立法机构和州长办公室,党内一些人希望立即重新划分选区界线,将威斯康星州拖入特朗普去年在红州发起的全国性选区重划战争。“我们的国会地图存在不公正划分选区的问题,”民主党议会领袖格蕾塔·诺伊鲍尔对我说,如果民主党赢得多数席位,她有望成为议长。
Because of court challenges, the legislature may have to revisit Wisconsin’s congressional map no matter which party controls the majority next year. But if Democrats control the legislature and the governor’s office, some in the party want to redraw the lines right away and thrust Wisconsin into the nationwide redistricting war that Trump launched in red states last year. “We have congressional maps that are gerrymandered,” Greta Neubauer, the Democratic assembly leader who is in line to become speaker if the party wins the majority, told me.
“我们会审视这些地图,考虑是否重新划分。”克劳利则更为谨慎;他告诉我,他希望先看到法院案件的进展,然后再决定是否重新划分选区。
“We would be looking at the maps and considering whether to redraw them.”Crowley was more circumspect; he told me that he wants to see the court cases play out before deciding whether to redistrict.
其他因素也可能使这场辩论复杂化。明天如果民主党掀起足够大的浪潮,可能压倒共和党通过不公正划分选区来巩固多数席位的企图,这可能会削弱特朗普将这场战争扩大到其他州的兴趣。而在威斯康星州,民主党在两场竞争激烈的众议院选举中获胜将使该州国会代表团的席位平分秋色,从而更难论证当前地图不公平。
Other factors could complicate the debate. A large enough Democratic wave tomorrow might overcome the GOP’s attempt to fortify its majority through gerrymandering, and that could dampen Trump’s interest in expanding the battle to other states. And in Wisconsin, Democratic victories in two competitive House races would create an even split of the state’s congressional delegation, making it harder to argue that the current maps are unfair.
当我向威斯康星州民主党主席德文·雷米克询问这一情形时,他开玩笑说,他不想“在议员当选之前就数人头”。他和整个党派都在努力防止在周二选举前过度自信——无论是在威斯康星州还是在全国各地。他们以前曾被过于乐观的民调所伤。尽管如此,雷米克还是忍不住说道:“在威斯康星州,通常我们多少是谨慎乐观或令人反胃的乐观,”他告诉我。“但今年,我要去掉那个限定词,直接说我很乐观。”
When I asked Devin Remiker, the Democratic Party chair in Wisconsin, about this scenario, he joked that he didn’t “want to count my congresspeople before they’re elected.”He and the party as a whole are trying to guard against overconfidence heading into Tuesday’s elections—both in Wisconsin and across the country. They’ve been burned by overly rosy polls before. Still, Remiker couldn’t quite help himself. “In Wisconsin, usually we’re some version of cautiously or nauseously optimistic,” he told me. “But this year, I will drop the qualifier and say that I’m optimistic.”