
从去年开始,唐纳德·特朗普总统说服了八个由共和党控制的州,进一步以毫不掩饰的党派选区划分手段重新划分选民版图。目的是抵消执政党在中期选举中通常会遭受的损失,并确保共和党保住众议院多数席位。2024年美国政治版图右移,凭借这种选区划分,特朗普及其共和党同僚让自己相信,可以将本党锁定在永久执权地位。
Starting last year, President Donald Trump persuaded eight Republican-controlled states to further carve up their electorate with unapologetic partisan gerrymandering. The goal was to offset the typical midterm losses of the party in charge and guarantee Republicans retained a House majority. America’s politics had shifted right in 2024 and, with their gerrymandering, Trump and his GOP cronies convinced themselves that they could lock their party into permanent power.
但他们关于永无止境上升的愿景在周二轰然倒塌。民主党迎来了数十年来最辉煌的夜晚。共和党尽管通过选区划分挑选了他们想要的选民,依然惨败。
But their visions of a never-ending ascent came crashing down Tuesday. Democrats had their biggest night in decades. Republicans, despite having picked the voters they wanted with their gerrymanders, still got wrecked.
他们最大的错误,似乎在于假定2024年支持他们的选民永远会支持他们,不会因为通货膨胀、伊朗战争、肆无忌惮的腐败,以及移民与海关执法局在街头枪杀民众等议题而愤怒。到6月初,至少有16个新划定的选区更倾向共和党,看起来这种选区划分或许真能维系住特朗普正在瓦解的联盟。
Their biggest mistake seems to have been assuming that voters who supported them in 2024 always would and couldn’t become outraged over issues including inflation, the war in Iran, unbridled corruption and Immigration and Customs Enforcement shooting people dead in the street. By early June, there were at least 16 newly drawn districts that skewed more solidly Republican, and it looked like that gerrymandering might just hold together Trump’s fracturing coalition.
但截至周三,共和党在德克萨斯州五个重划选区中至多只翻盘一个,在佛罗里达州四个重划选区中翻盘两个,在田纳西州和路易斯安那州各翻盘一个。北卡罗来纳州重新划定的第1选区仍极可能属于现任民主党众议员唐·戴维斯;阿拉巴马州由众议员肖马里·菲格斯持有的席位肯定仍将归他所有。而俄亥俄州新划定的地图本意是给共和党12个安全席位、民主党仅3个,结果却导致至少七名民主党人将于明年1月前往华盛顿履职。
But as of Wednesday, Republicans had managed to flip at most one out of five redrawn seats in Texas, two out of four in Florida and one each in Tennessee and Louisiana. North Carolina’s revamped 1st District will still likely belong to its Democratic incumbent Rep. Don Davis; the Alabama seat held by Rep. Shomari Figures will certainly remain his. And Ohio’s newly drawn map, meant to give Republicans 12 safe seats and Democrats just three, has instead resulted in at least seven Democrats heading to Washington in January.
各州通常在人口普查后进行重新划分选区。这合情合理,因为新的人口统计数字可能改变每个州拥有的席位数量。即使对于保持席位数不变的州,人口普查也可能揭示人口结构变化,从而引发更均匀地重新分配选民的努力。但由于从白宫到各级的傲慢、贪婪和大量错误假设,共和党推动了十年中期重新划分选区。而当时唯一可用的新数据是2024年的选票统计。
States typically have gone through the redistricting process after the Census. That makes sense as new population tallies could change how many seats each state has available. Even for those who have retained the same number of seats, the census could make clear demographic changes that might prompt an effort to redistribute voters more evenly. But because of hubris, greed and a plethora of bad assumptions from the White House on down, Republicans pushed for mid-decade redistricting. And the only new data available were 2024 vote tallies.
在得克萨斯州南部边境,特朗普在西班牙裔选民中赢得的支持超出预期,得克萨斯州立法者切割并重组选区,以巩固共和党现任议员地位并挤走民主党人。佛罗里达州紧随其后。
Along Texas’ southern border, where Trump had won bigger than expected among Hispanic voters, Texas state lawmakers chopped and remixed districts to shore up GOP incumbents and wipe Democrats out. Florida followed suit.

这些搞选区舞弊的伪君子没有意识到,他们正基于错误分析打一场过时的仗。共和党没有将2024年大选结果解读为对高物价愤怒的回应,而是重新划分选区,仿佛当时支持特朗普的拉美裔选民会永远支持他们。这是一个致命的误判,特别是因为政府对移民社区的敌视以及对伊朗的战争,使得佛罗里达和得克萨斯新选区的表现更不可能符合共和党预期。
What these gerrymandering genteel didn’t recognize is that they were fighting the last war based on faulty analysis. Rather than interpreting the 2024 results as a response to anger at high prices, Republicans redistricted as if Latino voters who supported Trump then would be with them forever. This was a fatal misreading, especially because the administration’s hostility toward migrant communities and war against Iran made it much less likely that the new Florida and Texas districts would behave as the GOP expected.
因特朗普关税和伊朗战争导致燃油价格上涨而陷入债务泥沼的农村县拉美裔选民和农民,促成了今年大多数县份转向支持民主党的浪潮。最高法院进一步削弱《投票权法案》,给南方各州新的机会抹除黑人占多数的选区,同样助长了黑人社区对共和党重新划分选区努力的反制。
Latino voters and farmers in rural counties drowning in debt because of Trump’s tariffs and higher fuel prices related to the Iran war contributed to the wave that shifted most counties blue this year. The Supreme Court further gutting the Voting Rights Act, giving southern states a fresh shot at erasing Black majority districts, likewise helped rally Black communities against the GOP’s redistricting efforts.
许多共和党选民极不积极,每一位被迫划入新划定选区边界的民主党选民,都让一位共和党现任议员的处境更加不稳。即便是过去几轮选区划分中经过精心杰利蝾螈操作的选区,比如北卡罗来纳州众议员蒂姆·摩尔的选区,考虑到这股浪潮的力度,也不再安全。周三晚间,在99%的选票统计完毕时,摩尔落后民主党人莱克莎·沃马克6400多票。共和党人筑起的堤坝,本意是防止不满的选民将他们冲出办公室,结果却失效了。
With many Republicans deeply unmotivated to vote, every Democrat who had been imported against their will into the newly drawn boundaries made a GOP incumbent less safe. Not even districts gerrymandered in past cycles, like Rep. Tim Moore’s in North Carolina, were safe considering the deluge’s strength. On Wednesday evening, with 99% of ballots tallied, Moore trailed Democrat Lakesha Womack by more than 6,400 votes. The dikes Republicans erected to prevent discontented voters from washing them out of office failed.
你可能会觉得,加利福尼亚州由民主党主导的杰利蝾螈反制行动在这里显得过于轻松。加文·纽森州长并非挑起斗争的一方,而且至少加州选民批准了那些重新划定的地图,但给其55个众议院席位的代表团再增加五个倾向民主党的席位,感觉依然不妙。但具有讽刺意味的是,加州调整席位最终并未改变共和党惨败的结局。正如MS NOW预测的那样,民主党至少掌握250个席位固然很好——但245个席位早已足以锁定多数派地位。
You may think California’s own Democratic-led gerrymander rejoinder is getting off easy here. Gov. Gavin Newsom didn’t start the fight, and at least California voters approved those redrawn maps, but adding five more Democratic-leaning seats to its 55-member House delegation still doesn’t feel great. But ironically, California shifting its seats wound up not making a difference in the shellacking the GOP has received. Democrats holding 250 seats at minimum, as MS NOW is projecting, is great — but 245 seats would have still been more than enough to clinch the majority.
如果说有什么启示,周二的结果表明,特朗普所要求的那场杰利蝾螈之争根本毫无必要。重新划定的界线不仅未能保护共和党,反而惩罚了他们自作主张挑选选民的傲慢。为匹配民主党的杰利蝾螈努力而进行的疯狂争夺,最终也成了无关紧要的举动。
If anything, Tuesday’s results show that none of the gerrymander fight that Trump demanded was necessary at all. The redrawn lines not only failed to protect Republicans but also punished them for assuming to self-select their own constituents. The frantic scrambling to match the gerrymandering effort from Democrats was likewise a moot point in the end.
除了众议院和参议院,民主党在昨晚的这波浪潮中还赢得了足够多的州议会和州长职位,接下来该怎么做,球现在在他们手里。最好的结果是,所有人都意识到杰利蝾螈之争是个多么愚蠢的主意。应当恢复将重新划分选区的工作交给独立委员会的趋势。
Alongside the House and Senate, Democrats managed to capture enough state legislatures and governorships as part of last night’s wave that the ball is now in their court as to what happens next. The best result would be everyone realizing what a dumb idea the gerrymandering fight was. A return to the trend of handing off the job of redistricting to independent commissions should resume.
如果新上任的民主党多数在国会能够完成民主党六年前启动的工作,彻底消除选区划分的操纵,那将更好。虽然各州在广义上掌握自行举办选举的权力,但联邦选举最终由国会决定,国会可以要求各州采用统一的划分选区标准。当然,这需要依赖高度操纵选区才能保住席位的议员们的同意——但现在似乎是大胆设想的合适时机。
Even better would be if this new Democratic majority in Congress finish the job Democrats started six years ago and disarm the gerrymander entirely. While states have control over running their own elections broadly, Congress has the final say on federal elections and could require states to adopt a uniform standard for redistricting. Of course, this would require the consent of members who themselves are overly reliant on heavily manipulated districts to retain their seat — but now seems like the right time for dreaming big.