卡尼宣示加拿大主权 承诺在预算案中终结无家可归现象 总理的第二份预算案反复强调让加拿大经济摆脱对美国的依赖。
Carney Asserts Canada’s Sovereignty and Vows to End Homelessness in Budget The prime minister’s second budget repeatedly stresses diversifying Canada’s economy away from the United States.
从其标题“掌握我们的命运”来看，加拿大总理马克·卡尼周四发布的这份长达532页的预算案，着重强调减少该国长期以来对美国的依赖，并实现贸易伙伴多元化。
From its title, “Masters of Our Destiny,” the 532-page budget released on Thursday by Prime Minister Mark Carney of Canada emphasized reducing the country’s longstanding dependence on the United States and diversifying its trade with the rest of the world.
“加拿大人知道，我们正处于非同寻常的时代，”财政部长弗朗索瓦-菲利普·香槟在下议院提交预算案时表示。“我们赖以生存的规则似乎不再适用。” 他补充道：“作为加拿大人，我们知道如何将全球动荡转化为国家机遇。” 预算案中的大多数主要项目此前已有宣布，在大多数情况下是由卡尼本人宣布的。而且，与加拿大预算案的惯例一样，许多拟议措施的细节仍然很少，时间表也很长。
“Canadians know that we are living through extraordinary times,” François-Philippe Champagne, the finance minister, said as he introduced the budget in the House of Commons. “The rules we counted on no longer seem to hold.”He added: “As Canadians, we know how to turn global volatility into national opportunity.”Most major items in the budget had been previously announced, in most cases by Mr. Carney. And, as is often the case with Canadian budgets, details remain scant and timelines long for many of the proposed measures.
不过，也有一些惊喜。政府承诺将与市政和省级政府合作，在十年内终结无家可归现象。香槟表示，预算案的“运营”部分——即不包括大型项目支出和军事装备支出的衡量指标——将在未来一年内实现平衡。以下是几个关键看点。
There were, however, some surprises. The government pledged to work with its municipal and provincial counterparts to end homelessness within a decade. And Mr. Champagne said that the “operating” portion of the budget — a measure that excludes spending on large projects and military equipment — will be balanced within the coming year. Here are some key points.
关于对美贸易 预算案测算，政府已承诺投入440亿加元用于救助受特朗普总统发动的贸易战影响的工人和企业。
On Trade With the United States The budget calculates that the government has committed 44 billion Canadian dollars in relief spending for workers and businesses affected by President Trump’s trade war with its neighbor.
去年8月，加拿大在双方在几个关键问题上似乎分歧巨大后，退出了在华盛顿的贸易谈判。周日，卡尼在社交媒体发文称，在与特朗普交谈后，两国官员正在推动重启谈判。预算案显示，加拿大对接受特朗普的“不公正”关税兴趣不大。
In August, Canada walked away from trade talks in Washington after both sides appeared to be far apart on several key issues. On Sunday, Mr. Carney said in a social media post that following conversations with Mr. Trump, officials in the two countries were moving toward restarting talks. The budget indicated that Canada has relatively little interest in accepting Mr. Trump’s “unjust” tariffs.
声明称，政府“继续相信能够达成一项互利的贸易协议。在寻求前进道路的过程中，我们的立场很明确：任何贸易协议都必须尊重加拿大的主权以及加拿大人自主决定自身经济未来的权利。”生活成本卡尼及其处理对华盛顿关系的方式在民调中一直获得很高的支持率，但受访者也表示担心生活成本不断上涨。与世界其他地区一样，加拿大人也因美国和以色列对伊朗的战争而面临燃料成本大幅上涨。
It said that the government “continues to believe that a mutually beneficial trade agreement is achievable. In seeking that path forward, our position is clear: any trade deal must respect Canada’s sovereignty and the right of Canadians to determine our own economic future.”The Cost of Living Mr. Carney and his approach to dealing with Washington have consistently received high approval ratings in polls, but respondents have also indicated concern about the rising cost of living. Like the rest of the world, Canadians have faced substantial increases in fuel costs caused by the U.S. and Israeli war with Iran.
预算将中低收入家庭可获得的退税增加了50%，以抵消不断上涨的食品杂货成本。约100万户家庭将获得补助金，用于改用热泵，以减少天然气和电费支出。
The budget increases by 50 percent the refunds available to households with modest or low incomes to offset rising grocery costs. About 1 million households will get grants to convert to heat pumps to reduce their natural gas and electricity bills.
预算重申了卡尼增加新建住宅和公寓建设的计划，承诺在10年内投入130亿加元建设“非市场”住房。
The budget repeats Mr. Carney’s plans to increase new home and apartment construction, committing 13 billion Canadian dollars over 10 years to building “non market” housing.
但预算还拨出112亿加元，用于启动一项在十年内终结无家可归问题的努力。
But it also sets aside 11.2 billion Canadian dollars to start an effort to end homelessness within a decade.
初始资金将在四年内支出，重点用于将“住房与医疗、心理健康、成瘾和社会支持相结合”的项目，以确保人们能够留在新家中。
The initial money will be spent over four years and focus on projects that will “bring housing together with health, mental health, addictions, and social supports” to ensure that people remain in their new homes.
建设企业正如卡尼在早前演讲中所做的那样，尚帕涅强调加拿大需要发展本国企业以维护其主权。
Building Businesses As Mr. Carney has done in earlier speeches, Mr. Champagne emphasized the need for Canada to grow its businesses to assert its sovereignty.
这些努力的核心是一项此前宣布的措施，该措施将允许企业立即扣除重大支出的全部成本，而不是在数个纳税年度内分摊扣除。根据政府的计算，这将使加拿大对新投资的实际税率约为美国的一半。
At the center of those efforts is a previously announced measure that will allow businesses to deduct the full cost of major expenditures immediately rather than over several tax years. By the government’s calculations, that will make Canada’s effective tax rate on new investments about half that of the United States.
后续步骤 与美国不同，加拿大公布预算并不意味着进入漫长的谈判和修订期。加拿大政府在预算案提交议会后，从不会对其进行重大修订。如果预算在众议院投票中被否决，政府就会下台。不过，卡尼先生的自由党目前拥有多数席位，这主要归功于保守党议员的倒戈，因此这份预算的通过已成定局。
Next Steps Unlike the United States, the release of budgets in Canada does not mark a period of long negotiation and revision. Governments in Canada never make major revisions to budget bills after they are presented to Parliament. If a budget is defeated in a House of Commons vote, the government falls. Mr. Carney’s Liberal Party, however, now has a majority, largely thanks to Conservative members of Parliament switching allegiances, so this budget’s passage is assured.
伊恩·奥斯汀为《纽约时报》报道加拿大新闻。他出生于安大略省温莎市，现居渥太华，报道该国已有二十年。可通过 austen@nytimes.com 与他联系。
Ian Austen reports on Canada for The Times. A Windsor, Ontario, native now based in Ottawa, he has reported on the country for two decades. He can be reached at austen@nytimes.com.