安塔利亚，土耳其（美联社）——周三，世界各国领导人齐聚土耳其度假胜地安塔利亚，出席联合国气候谈判，东道主土耳其敦促各国承诺实施一项零废弃物倡议，该倡议旨在减少排放，并帮助全球遏制气候变化的努力重回正轨。
As world leaders arrive at United Nations climate talks in the Turkish resort town of Antalya, calling for urgent climate action, co-host Turkey also wants to halve the amount of global waste in the next decade. SUZAN FRASER, SIBI ARASU, VICTORIA MILKO, ANTON L. DELGADO ANTALYA, Turkey — As world leaders gathered for United Nations climate talks in the Turkish resort town of Antalya on Wednesday, host Turkey urged countries to commit to a zero-waste initiative aimed at reducing emissions and helping get global efforts to curb climate change back on track.
土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安大力宣传本国在回收利用方面的进展，称回收率已从2017年零废弃物运动启动时的约13%上升到2025年底的约40%。
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan touted his country’s progress on recycling, saying its rate had risen from about 13% in 2017, when the zero waste movement began, to about 40% by the end of 2025.
“约9000万吨废弃物已被重新纳入我们的经济，”埃尔多安在领导人峰会上说。“我们不会止步于此，我们将继续努力、竭尽全力，直到实现零废弃物的目标。”土耳其已为今年的气候谈判（即COP31）列出10项优先事项，并承诺加快电气化进程，而零废弃物倡议在会议开幕的头几天成为主要议题之一。
“Some 90 million tons of waste have been brought back into our economy,” Erdogan told the leaders’ summit. “We’ll not stop here and we will continue working and making every effort until we achieve the goal of zero waste.”Turkey has outlined 10 priorities for this year’s climate talks, known as COP31 with a pledge to accelerate electrification and the zero-waste initiatives emerging as major talking points during the opening days of the conference.
出席周三会谈的土耳其第一夫人埃米内·埃尔多安一直是零废弃物倡议的推动者。该倡议旨在减少甲烷排放、减少食物浪费，并推广材料被重复使用和回收的循环经济。
Turkish first lady Emine Erdogan, who attended Wednesday’s talks, has been a driving force behind the zero-waste initiative, which aims to reduce methane emissions, cut food waste and promote a circular economy in which materials are reused and recycled.
“当供应可靠、加工高效且需求就在附近，其收益超过收集、分类和运输的成本时，回收材料可以更便宜，”非营利组织零废弃物基金会主席、COP31高级别气候倡导者萨梅德·阿格尔巴斯说。
“Recovered materials can be cheaper when reliable supplies, efficient processing and nearby demand outweigh the costs of collection, sorting and transport,” said Samed Agirbas, president of the nonprofit Zero Waste Foundation and a COP31 high-level climate champion.
能源专家表示，这些倡议如果得到落实，可以减缓全球变暖，并减少太阳能电池板和电池等可再生能源技术的环境足迹。但这些气候雄心仍有可能落空。
If implemented, energy experts say the initiatives could slow global warming and reduce the environmental footprint of renewable energy technologies, like solar panels and batteries. But there is still a risk these climate ambitions may fall flat.
会议达成的协议往往不具约束力，以往的东道主也曾因未能兑现承诺而受到批评。土耳其自身的气候记录也面临审视。
Conference agreements are often nonbinding and past hosts have been criticized for failing to follow through on promises. Turkey also faces scrutiny over its own climate record.
“零废弃物目标是一个好目标。它绝对需要具体措施和进一步行动来支持，”绿色和平土耳其废物项目负责人伯克·布坦说。“但根本上，我们也需要认识到它的不足。”甲烷减排或可减缓全球变暖。据联合国称，甲烷排放是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大气候变化成因，减少甲烷排放可以显著减缓全球变暖。在气候谈判的前三天，各国领导人反复呼吁采取紧急气候行动。
“The Zero Waste target is a good target. It definitely needs to be supported with concrete measures and further action,” said Berk Butan, who heads the waste campaign for Greenpeace Turkey. “But fundamentally, we also need to recognize its shortcomings.”Methane cuts might slow global warming As the second biggest cause of climate change after carbon dioxide, the reduction of methane emissions could significantly slow global warming, according to the U.N. During the first three days of the climate talks, leaders repeatedly called for urgent climate action.
联合国最近不得不重新调整一项已有数十年历史的限制全球气温上升的目标，因为全球气温上升已远超先前的阈值。
The U.N. recently had to readjust a decades-old goal of limiting the rise of global temperatures because the world was blowing past previous thresholds.
土耳其希望各国承诺减少甲烷排放，但自己尚未签署《全球甲烷承诺》。该倡议在2021年格拉斯哥气候谈判上启动，目标是到2030年将甲烷排放量较2020年水平至少减少30%。
While Turkey wants countries to commit to reducing methane emissions, it has not signed the Global Methane Pledge. Launched at the 2021 climate talks in Glasgow, the initiative aims to reduce methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030.
据非营利排放追踪机构“气候追踪”称，土耳其还是全球第五大固体废物甲烷排放国。
Turkey is also the world’s fifth-biggest emitter of methane from solid waste, according to nonprofit emissions tracker Climate TRACE.
“废物处理产生的甲烷排放是一个重要挑战，”零废弃物基金会的阿格尔巴斯说。
“Methane emissions from waste disposal are an important challenge,” said Agirbas, with the Zero Waste Foundation.
循环经济或可减少排放，但挑战依然存在。循环经济是一种经济模式，通常优先考虑回收利用和其他产生更少废物的再生方式，它有助于减少排放，但并非每个国家都有资源采取这类措施。
Circular economy may dent emissions, but challenges remain A circular economy — an economic model that generally prioritizes recycling and other regenerative approaches that create less waste— would help reduce emissions, but not every country has the resources to take such steps.
世界资源研究所波尔斯基全球能源转型中心的能源专家王克表示，这是“削减温室气体排放的关键战略”。但厨余垃圾回收难度很大，因为它们分解很快，导致分类和处理成本高昂。收集和运输潮湿、有异味的厨余垃圾还需要专门的物流和基础设施，而许多国家缺乏这些条件。
Ke Wang, an energy expert at the WRI’s Polsky Center for the Global Energy Transition, said that this is “a vital strategy for cutting greenhouse gas emissions.”But recycling food waste is difficult because it decomposes quickly, making separation and processing expensive. Collecting and transporting wet, smelly food waste also requires specialized logistics and infrastructure that many countries lack.
巴西环境部高级官员阿达尔贝托·马卢夫对美联社表示：“废弃物和粮食损失占排放总量的近10%，因此我们需要把这些行动整合起来。”
“Waste and food loss account for almost 10% of total emissions, so we need to integrate these actions,” Adalberto Maluf, a top official in Brazil’s environment ministry, told The Associated Press.
专家表示，回收已经开采出的材料是减少对采矿依赖的关键，而随着世界越来越依赖关键矿产密集型可再生技术，这一点只会变得更加重要。
The recycling of already-mined materials is key to reducing the reliance on mining, according to experts, which will only become more important as the world relies more on critical mineral-dependent renewable technologies.
国际能源署估计，到2050年，扩大回收规模可使对新采矿的需求降低25%至40%。
The International Energy Agency estimates that scaling up recycling could lower the need for new mining by between 25% and 40% by 2050.
大多数国家不回收关键材料，因为开采这些材料成本更低。回收这些材料所需的技术和基础设施也集中在少数国家，比如中国。国际能源署表示，到2040年，欧盟和美国可能只具备回收其原材料30%的能力。
Most countries don’t recycle critical materials because it’s cheaper to mine them. The technology and infrastructure needed to recycle these materials are also concentrated in a handful of nations, like China. The European Union and the U.S. will likely only have the capacity to recycle 30% of their raw materials by 2040, according to the IEA.
“我们必须在材料回收、再利用和循环方面做得更好，”负责任采矿保证倡议执行主任艾米·布朗热说。她强调，需要建立激励机制，“回收材料、拆解物品，使其能够以循环方式再次利用”。阿拉苏从印度班加罗尔、米尔科从巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡、德尔加多从曼谷报道。
“We must do a better job with our materials retrieval, reuse and recycling,” said Aimee Boulanger, executive director of the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance. She stressed the need to create incentives for “retrieving the materials, taking things apart, being able to reuse them again in a circular way.”Arasu reported from Bengaluru, India, Milko from Islamabad, Pakistan and Delgado from Bangkok.