“我们观察到服务可用性持续改善，”微软周五上午在其状态仪表板发布的声明中说。该公司周四晚间曾表示，其最初的修复尝试“未按预期生效”。此次中断导致全球学校、法院、政府和执法机构——以及无数企业和数百万员工——遭受广泛干扰，凸显了世界上许多最关键的系统都依赖少数科技公司的技术。而一旦这些技术失效，后果可能极为严重。
“We’re observing sustained improvements in service availability,” Microsoft said in a statement posted to its status dashboard on Friday morning. The company had said on Thursday evening that its initial attempts to fix the problem were “not taking as expected.”The outages have caused widespread disruption to schools, courts, governments, and law enforcement agencies—plus countless businesses and millions of employees—around the globe, highlighting how many of the world’s most crucial systems rely upon technologies from a small number of tech companies. And when they fail, the ramifications can be huge.
微软尚未说明中断原因，但暗示这与全球多个数据中心内的级联服务器故障有关，这些故障将过多负载转移到了剩余的运行中机器上。
Microsoft has not said yet what caused the outage but has hinted that it was related to cascading server failures inside multiple data centers around the world that shifted too much load onto remaining operational machines.
“我们确定负载升高并非由流量增加驱动，而是由多台服务器意外不可用导致，给剩余基础设施带来了压力，”微软周四下午在 Microsoft 365 状态更新中写道。“我们正在测试一项配置变更，以解决导致服务器无法通过自动健康检查并变得不可用的问题，”该公司几分钟后补充道。
“We determined the elevated load isn't driven by an increase in traffic, but by a number of servers being unexpectedly unavailable; straining the remaining infrastructure,” the company wrote in Microsoft 365 Status update on Thursday afternoon. “We’re testing a configuration change to address a problem that's causing servers to fail automated health checks and become unavailable,” the company added a few minutes later.
几分钟后的另一条更新指出，“我们未发现任何与影响开始时间相关的近期变更；然而，我们的调查表明，健康检查失败可能源自负责处理服务器健康状况的特定组件。”微软在声明中多次强调，没有迹象表明此次中断是由网络攻击造成的。
An additional update a few minutes after that noted, “We've not identified any recent change correlated with the start of impact; however, our investigation indicates the failed health checks may originate from a specific component that's responsible for processing server health.”Microsoft emphasized repeatedly in statements that there was no indication of the outage being caused by a cyberattack.
“这绝对会被记录为重大事故之一，与2021年10月的Facebook停机事故齐名，”监控公司Kentik互联网分析总监Doug Madory表示。“我们尚不清楚根本原因，但按源数据中心拆解流量很有意思。恢复过程断断续续，且因源头不同而差异巨大，这很可能是因为微软正在努力让服务恢复上线。”
“This is absolutely going to go down as one of the big ones, up there with the Facebook outage of October 2021,” says Doug Madory, director of internet analysis at monitoring firm Kentik. “We don't know the root cause yet, but it is interesting to break down the traffic by source data center. The recovery came in fits and starts and varied greatly by source, probably due to Microsoft's efforts to bring the service back online.”
这种关键底层数字服务的长时间中断并非前所未有，但微软在云服务提供商中占据特殊地位，作为一家老牌公司，早在PC时代就已在全球计算领域无处不在。许多组织将微软生产力服务集成到核心运营中，仅仅是因为他们使用Windows电脑已有数十年，并与微软保持着长期合作关系。
A prolonged outage of such a critical underlying digital service is not unprecedented, but Microsoft has a special position among cloud providers as an older company that was already ubiquitous in global computing from the PC era. Many organizations integrate Microsoft productivity services at the core of their operations, simply because they have used Windows computers for decades and have longstanding relationships with Microsoft.
“此次事故之所以特别重大，是因为受影响服务的关键性，尤其是政府和其他重要组织依赖的电子邮件和通信系统，”印度网络安全公司Shreshta IT Technologies首席执行官Swapneel Patnekar表示。“影响远远超出了典型服务中断带来的不便。”
“What makes this particularly significant is the criticality of the services affected, especially email and communication systems relied upon by government and other essential organisations,” says Swapneel Patnekar, the CEO of Indian web security firm Shreshta IT Technologies. “The impact goes well beyond the inconvenience of a typical service disruption.”
许多观察人士在周四和周五指出，微软最近因自然流失、裁员和买断提议而减少了员工。公司年度文件显示，截至6月30日，微软拥有223,000名全职员工，低于2025年同期的228,000人。随后在7月，公司在全球范围内裁减了9,000个职位，其中3,200个与Xbox团队的改组有关。据报道，10月公司向60,000名员工提出了买断提议，尽管这显然旨在加速人员自然流失，而非裁减所有这些职位。
Many observers pointed out on Thursday and Friday that Microsoft has recently shed staff through attrition, layoffs, and buyout offers. The company’s annual filings say it had 223,000 full-time employees on June 30, down from 228,000 at the same time in 2025. Then in July, the company eliminated 9,000 jobs globally, of which 3,200 were cuts related to an overhaul of its Xbox teams. In October, the company reportedly made buyout offers to 60,000 employees, though apparently this was intended to speed attrition, not cull all of those roles.
还有AI因素。微软首席执行官Satya Nadella在4月表示，公司生成的代码中多达30%现在是使用AI自动化工具编写的。
Then there’s the AI factor. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said in April that as much as 30 percent of the code the company is generating is now written using AI in automated tools.
“萨蒂亚最近的言论，与哪怕一周前相比，现在看起来截然不同，”情报与安全咨询公司 IANS 的教职人员杰克·威廉姆斯说。“我不认为我们能断定裁员导致了此次故障，但你永远无法说服我相信，随那些离职员工流失的所有部落知识，在解决故障时不会极其宝贵。”微软未立即回应置评请求。
“Satya's recent comments have a much different look today than they did even a week ago,” says Jake Williams, a faculty member at IANS, an intelligence and security consultancy. “I don't think we'll ever be able to say that the staff reductions caused this outage, but you'll never convince me that all the tribal knowledge that walked out the door wouldn't have been invaluable in resolving it.”Microsoft did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
关于微软故障导致大范围中断的报道，于周五工作时间首先在亚洲和大洋洲国家出现，随后随着更多人上线，蔓延至全球。
Reports of widespread disruption from the Microsoft outage started appearing during the working day on Friday in countries in Asia and Australasia, spreading across the world as more people logged on.
澳大利亚的学校、零售店、法院和医疗机构表示，从考试到医疗预约，一切都受到了干扰。“由于我和诊所都无法通过电子邮件或传真获取转诊单，医学扫描已被取消，”一名人士告诉澳大利亚媒体。日本政府官员称，其自有平台遭到干扰，因无法访问 Outlook，工作人员正在使用电话和聊天工具。
Schools, retail stores, courts, and medical organizations across Australia said everything from exams to health care appointments were disrupted. “Medical scans have been cancelled due to both myself and the clinic not being able to access referrals via email or fax,” one person told Australian media. Officials in Japan’s government said its own platforms had been disrupted, and staff were using phones and chat tools as they couldn’t access Outlook.
在英国，多个警方表示，因微软服务中断，无法接受在线报案，但紧急和非紧急报案电话线路仍可使用。国家医疗服务体系（NHS）的部分机构，包括全科医生诊所和医院服务，也报告称部分服务受到故障影响。“在 111 和 999 服务工作的人员无法按常规方式转诊病人——造成了巨大积压，”GMB 工会在 X 平台发帖称，指的是非紧急和紧急医疗服务。
In the UK, multiple police forces have said they are unable to accept online crime reports due to the outages of Microsoft services, though phone lines for emergency and nonemergency reports remained available. Parts of the National Health Service, including doctor surgeries and hospital services, also reported that some services were impacted by the outages. “Those who work in 111 and 999 services are unable to refer patients in the normal way—creating a massive backlog,” the GMB trade union posted on X, referring to nonemergency and emergency health services.
与此同时，德国铁路公司（Deutsche Bahn）——德国各地火车服务的提供商——更新了其警报页面，称电子邮件中断“严重限制了时刻表的发送”。据当地媒体报道，荷兰的法院、地方政府机构和媒体组织报告称其通信服务出现问题。在法国，一些卫生机构和地方政府也报告了类似问题。一位南非酿酒商告诉BBC，他的公司因中断而陷入停摆。
Meanwhile, Deutsche Bahn, the provider of train services across Germany, updated its alerts page saying the email outages “severely restricts the sending of timetables.”Courts, local government agencies, and media organizations in the Netherlands reported issues with their communications services, according to local press. In France, some health agencies and local governments also reported similar issues. One winemaker in South Africa told the BBC his company had been brought to a standstill by the outages.
毫不奇怪，随着数百万人尝试登录，这些中断在加拿大和美国持续产生影响。加拿大铁路服务公司Via Rail在网上发布消息称，客户可能无法通过电子邮件收到已预订行程的详情；约克调查部门在X上发帖称，原定周五进行的住房驱逐已被取消；科罗拉多州阿拉帕霍县治安官办公室也在X上发帖称，由于缺乏电子邮件通知，在线支付的保释金未能得到处理。
Unsurprisingly, these disruptions continued to be echoed across Canada and the US as millions of people have attempted to sign on. Canadian rail service Via Rail posted online that customers may not receive details of their booked trips via email, with with York’s Department of Investigation posting on X that housing evictions planned for Friday had been canceled and Arapahoe County Sheriff’s Office, in Colorado, also posting on X that a lack of email notifications means bond payments being made online were not being processed.
“它字面上就叫365。这暗示了一项特定的责任，”资深安全与合规顾问Davi Ottenheimer表示。“不能卖一个叫‘瓶装水’的空瓶子。”在中断期间，世界各地的多位官员呼吁各国减少对巨型科技公司的依赖，或重新评估与它们的关系。“全球微软中断再次凸显了英国数字基础设施缺乏韧性，以及这种依赖可能对我们的安全、经济和公共服务构成的危险，”英国议会科学技术委员会主席Chi Onwurah在一份声明中表示。
“It's literally named 365. That implies a specific duty,” says longtime security and compliance consultant Davi Ottenheimer. “Can’t sell an empty bottle called ‘Bottle of Water.’”During the outage, multiple officials around the world called for countries to rely less on giant tech firms or reevaluate their relationships. “The global Microsoft outage only serves to highlight once again the lack of resilience in the UK’s digital infrastructure, and the dangers that this dependency can pose to our security, economy and public services,” Chi Onwurah, the chair of the UK parliament’s Science and Technology Committee, said in a statement.
自第二届特朗普政府上任以来——其混乱、不可预测以及威胁正在改变国际关系的性质——欧洲及世界其他地区的国家已开始改变其对谷歌、微软、亚马逊网络服务等美国大型科技公司的态度和依赖。法国官员一直在开发Zoom、Teams及其他生产力软件的本地开源替代方案，而《连线》已记录了欧洲摆脱美国大型科技服务的数十项其他努力。
Since the start of the second Trump administration—with its chaos, unpredictability, and threats changing the nature of international relationships—countries across Europe and other parts of the world have been starting to change their attitudes and reliance on some US-based big technology firms, such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon Web Services. Officials in France have been developing local, open source alternatives to Zoom, Teams, and other productivity software, while WIRED has documented dozens of other European efforts to ditch US big tech services.
来自印度安全公司Shreshta的Patnekar表示，虽然近年来许多技术基础设施由中心化服务提供，但电子邮件似乎在构建弹性方面尤具挑战。“最终，教训不一定是组织应停止依赖大型技术提供商，”Patnekar说。“相反，它们需要确认哪些服务真正属于关键任务，并确保在这些提供商不可用时拥有独立的备选方案。”
Patnekar, from Indian security firm Shreshta, says that while much tech infrastructure has been provided by centralized services in recent years, email seems particularly challenging to create resiliency. “Ultimately, the lesson isn't necessarily that organisations should stop relying on large technology providers,” Patnekar says. “Rather, they need to identify which services are genuinely mission-critical and ensure they have an independent fallback when those providers become unavailable.”