波兰大屠杀引发政治争执 政府指责极右翼煽动枪手，反对派指责政府安保松懈周六，枪击在克拉科夫中世纪中心广场刚刚停止，一位碰巧在场的右翼波兰电视台台长便出镜指责波兰中间派政府的过失不可原谅，使波兰人无处可躲。
Mass Killing in Poland Becomes Cause for a Political Fight The government blames the far right for inspiring the gunman, while the opposition accuses the government of lax security. The shooting had barely stopped in Krakow’s medieval central square on Saturday when the head of a right-wing Polish television station who was in the area by chance appeared on camera to accuse Poland’s centrist government of unforgivable laxity that had left Poles unprotected.
事实上，枪手迅速遭到两名警察的对峙，两人在随后的交火中均受伤，但波兰共和电视台播出了该台总编辑托马什·萨基维奇的现场报道，声称“警察明显缺席”，只有“一名穿着非标准制服的警官”。一名听到现场报道的路人对着广播机大喊：“你怎么能说这种胡话？多么垃圾！”波兰深刻的政治分歧两边的喊叫声自那以后只增未减。
In reality, the gunman had been swiftly confronted by two police officers, who were both wounded in an ensuing exchange of fire, but TV Republika broadcast a live report by its editor in chief, Tomasz Sakiewicz, claiming that “there was a clear absence of police,” with only “a single officer in nonstandard uniform.”A passerby who heard the stand-up report, screamed at the broadcaster: “How can you spout such nonsense? What garbage!”The shouting across Poland’s deep political divide has only grown louder since.
各方政客和评论员，为在明年大选前博取政治分数、拉拢支持者，都抓住了周六在克拉科夫旧城集市广场发生的大规模枪击事件。
Politicians and commentators from all sides, seeking to score political points and rally their supporters ahead of an election next year, have jumped on the mass shooting on Saturday in Krakow’s Old Town market square.
枪手米哈乌·奥克辛斯基，周六在广场上被警察开枪打伤，周一在医院因枪伤死亡。他在克拉科夫杀害六人之前，已在波兰东南部一个小镇的家中杀害了他的姐姐和父母。
The gunman, Michal Oksinski, who died in a hospital on Monday from gunshot wounds inflicted on Saturday by police officers in the square, killed six people in Krakow after killing his sister and parents at his family’s apartment in a small town in southeastern Poland.
在右翼借波兰和平时期首次大规模枪击事件抨击总理唐纳德·图斯克的安全政策之际，图斯克的内政部长将24岁的车床操作员奥克辛斯基的屠杀归咎于“极右翼意识形态”。该部长在未提供任何证据的情况下表示，“一切都指向凶手持有非常、非常激进的观点”。在政府宣布的两天全国哀悼期间，双方互相指责对方在这场震惊全国的悲剧中进行政治操作，并呼吁加强对枪支拥有的管控。
While the right has seized on Poland’s first mass shooting in peacetime to assail Prime Minister Donald Tusk over security, Mr. Tusk’s interior minister has blamed “far-right ideologies” for pushing Mr. Oksinski, a 24-year-old lathe operator, to mass murder. Without giving any evidence, the minister said that “everything points to the perpetrator holding very, very radical views.”Amid two days of national mourning declared by the government, each side accuses the other of playing politics with a tragedy that has stunned the country and led to calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.
与许多欧洲国家相比，波兰合法登记的枪支数量很少，而在克拉科夫使用的枪支是凶手及其父亲共拥有的11支武器库中的一部分，均持有正式许可。
Poland has few legally registered firearms compared with many European countries, and those used in Krakow, part of an arsenal of 11 owned by the gunman and his father, had official permits.
政治噪音令直接受到凶手行为影响的人们感到震惊。其中包括奥克辛斯基家乡奥斯特罗维茨·斯维埃托克日斯基的居民里扎德·皮亚谢克。
The political noise has horrified people directly affected by the actions of the gunman. Among them is Ryszard Piasecki, a resident of Mr. Oksinski’s hometown, Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski.
皮亚谢克与被杀母亲有婚姻关系，他表示对关于动机的指责以及所谓警务松懈导致亲属死亡的说法感到厌倦。
Mr. Piasecki, who is related by marriage to the mother who was killed, said he was fed up with all the finger-pointing over motive and supposedly lax policing being responsible for so many deaths at the hands of his relative.
“这全是政治猜测，”他说，“没有人真正知道这件事为何会发生，也不知道他的空洞脑袋里想的是什么。”
“This is all just political speculation,” he said. “Nobody really knows why this happened or what got into his empty head.”
在所有在1989年苏联霸权崩溃后拥抱民主的前共产主义国家中，波兰或许是最成功的。其经济是欧盟增长最快的经济体之一。根据欧盟统计局的数据，波兰不到3%的民众经历犯罪、暴力或破坏行为。其军队是欧盟规模最大的，仅在北约中规模次于美国和土耳其。
Of all the formerly Communist countries that embraced democracy after the collapse of Soviet hegemony in 1989, Poland ranks as perhaps the most successful. Its economy is among the fastest growing in the European Union. Fewer than 3 percent of Poles, according to the European Union’s statistics agency, experience crime, violence or vandalism. And its military, the largest in the European Union, ranks in size behind only that of the United States and Turkey in NATO.
然而，其政治往往似乎陷入20世纪90年代出现的分裂之中，当时此前在团结工会旗帜下反共斗争的政治力量分裂为互相敌对的阵营。
Its politics, however, often seem stuck in the divisions that emerged in the 1990s with the splintering into hostile camps of political forces previously united under the banner of the trade union movement Solidarity in the struggle against Communism.
二十多年来，政治舞台一直由两位死对头及其各自的追随者主导：现任亲欧洲的波兰总理唐纳德·图斯克，以及前执政党、倾向民族主义和怀疑欧洲一体化的“法律与正义”党领袖雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基。
For more than two decades, the political scene has been dominated by two bitter enemies and their respective followers: Donald Tusk, Poland’s current pro-European prime minister, and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the leader of the former governing party, Law and Justice, which leans nationalist and Eurosceptic.
两人都曾支持团结工会，但自2005年以来一直剑拔弩张，当时图斯克在总统选举中与卡钦斯基的双胞胎兄弟莱赫·卡钦斯基竞争。莱赫·卡钦斯基获胜，五年后在俄罗斯城市斯摩棱斯克附近的一场空难中丧生。
The two men, who both supported Solidarity, have been at daggers drawn since 2005, when Mr. Tusk ran against Mr. Kaczynski’s twin brother, Lech, in a presidential election. Mr. Kaczynski’s twin, who died five years later in a plane crash near the Russian city of Smolensk, won.
波兰两大政治家族的争斗，自那以来他们轮流执政，上周因围绕该国宪法法庭形势的动荡争端而达到新高峰。
The feuding between Poland’s two dominant political clans, which have been in and out of office since, hit a new peak last week amid a volatile dispute over the shape of the country’s Constitutional Tribunal.
10月31日，当图斯克派遣防暴警察封锁法院，以回应亲政府法官试图罢免法律与正义党盟友、首席大法官一事时，右翼政敌指责他策划了一场犯罪性的“政变”。图斯克坚称，他只是想结束前政府对司法系统的控制，前政府曾将法院塞满自己的支持者。
When Mr. Tusk sent riot police officers on Oct. 31 to seal off the court after pro-government judges moved to oust the chief justice, an ally of Law and Justice, his political enemies on the right accused him of staging a criminal “coup d’état.”Mr. Tusk insisted he only wanted to end the capture of the judiciary by the previous government, which stacked courts with its own supporters.
克拉科夫的大规模枪击事件现在又给这场争端添了柴火，发生在华沙年度独立日游行前几天。11月11日的游行由民族主义团体组织，其中一些团体观点激进，过去曾因游行者与左翼抗议者之间有时发生暴力冲突而蒙受污名。
The mass shooting in Krakow has now added new fuel to the fire, coming just days before an annual march in Warsaw marking Poland’s independence day. The march on Nov. 11, organized by nationalist groups, some of them radical in their views, has been marred in the past by sometimes violent clashes between marchers and left-wing protesters.
华沙自由派市长周一宣布，为该活动加强安保措施，部分支持者曾希望取消该活动，并禁止在波兰首都使用烟花和携带武器，包括持证武器。
The liberal mayor of Warsaw on Monday announced beefed-up security measures for the event, which some of his supporters had wanted canceled, and banned the use of fireworks and the carrying of weapons, including licensed ones, in the Polish capital.
执政党“法律与正义”党的前知名议员扬努什·科瓦尔斯基指责图斯克政府利用克拉科夫大规模枪击案谋取政治利益。该政府于2023年执政，此前卡钦斯基的党在选举中失利。
Janusz Kowalski, a prominent former member of Parliament from Law and Justice, accused Mr. Tusk’s government, which came to power in 2023 after Mr. Kaczynski’s party lost an election, of exploiting the mass shooting in Krakow for political ends.
他说，政府正在“镇压反对派、攻击宪法法庭，而波兰的流氓行为却猖獗”。他补充道：“黑帮和罪犯横行霸道。你们要为这个负责，你们这些无赖！这是你们的责任！”在波兰北部自由派据点格丁尼亚，市政府周一向检察机关提起刑事控告，起诉一名右翼市议员。该议员在脸书上发布伪造照片，声称图斯克的内政部长与枪手会面。该议员还声称，袭击发生时克拉科夫中央广场没有警察。
He said the government was “suppressing the opposition and attacking the Constitutional Tribunal, while thuggery flourishes in Poland.”He added: “Mafias and criminals are running rampant. You will answer for this, you scoundrels! This is your responsibility!”In Gdynia, a liberal bastion in northern Poland, the city authorities on Monday filed a criminal complaint to prosecutors against a right-wing councilor who published fake photos on Facebook showing Mr. Tusk’s interior minister meeting with the gunman. The councilor also claimed that there were no police officers in Krakow’s central square at the time of the attack.
这一说法最初在大规模枪击案当天由雷普布利卡电视台播出，已成为右翼势力旨在诋毁图斯克政府的运动核心，此次运动针对明年举行的新议会选举。
That claim, first aired on Republika TV on the day of the mass shooting, has become the centerpiece of a campaign by right-wing forces aimed at discrediting Mr. Tusk’s government ahead of next year’s vote for a new Parliament.
卡钦斯基为这家右翼电视台辩护，称它只是在对权力说真话，并指责内政部长马尔钦·基尔温斯基就“右翼意识形态”煽动大规模枪击事件一事撒谎。（该部长的女发言人回应说：“如果你关于克拉科夫悲剧的信息来自TV Republika，而不是来自警方和紧急服务部门的报告，那么你胡说八道也不足为奇。”）负责监管电视台并有权吊销执照的全国广播委员会表示，已收到数千起关于萨基耶维奇在枪击事件后立即从克拉科夫报道的投诉，并已对TV Republika展开调查。这引发了政府反对者的愤怒审查指控。
Mr. Kaczynski rose to the right-wing TV station’s defense, saying that it was only speaking truth to power and accusing the interior minister, Marcin Kierwinski, of lying about “right-wing ideologies” inspiring the mass shooting. (The minister’s spokeswoman responded by saying, “If you get information about the tragedy in Krakow from TV Republika instead of from police and emergency services reports, it’s no wonder you’re talking such nonsense.”) The National Broadcasting Council, which regulates television stations and has the power to cancel licenses, said it had received thousands of complaints over Mr. Sakiewicz’s reports from Krakow immediately after the shooting and had started an investigation into TV Republika. That prompted angry accusations of censorship by the government’s foes.
执政党“法律与正义”党的总理候选人普热梅斯瓦夫·查尔内克周一加入右翼人士的合唱，谴责对萨基耶维奇在广场现场报道的批评。萨基耶维奇既是该电视台的负责人，也是民族主义杂志《波兰报》的负责人。
Przemysław Czarnek, Law and Justice’s candidate for prime minister, on Monday joined a chorus of right-wing voices denouncing criticism of Republika TV’s live reports from the square, by Mr. Sakiewicz, who is head of both the station and a nationalistic magazine, Gazeta Polska.
“今天，托马什·萨基耶维奇和Republika都受到政府和亲政府媒体的攻击，”查尔内克在社交媒体上表示。“他们因说出真相而受到攻击，因为这个政府害怕真相。”阿纳托尔·马格日亚尔对此报道有贡献。
“Today, both Tomasz Sakiewicz and Republika are under attack from the government and pro-government media,” Mr. Czarnek said on social media. “They are being attacked for the truth, because this government is afraid of the truth.”Anatol Magdziarz contributed reporting.
本文早期版本错误地将对“波兰内政部长就‘右翼意识形态’煽动大规模枪击事件撒�谎”这一说法的回应归因错误。该回应来自内政部长的女发言人，而非男发言人。
An earlier version of this article misattributed a response to a claim that the Polish interior minister was lying about “right-wing ideologies” inspiring a mass shooting. The response came from a spokeswoman for the interior minister, not a spokesman.
我们承认报道中的错误并予以更正。如果您发现错误，请发送邮件至corrections@nytimes.com告知我们。了解更多。
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安德鲁·希金斯是《纽约时报》驻华沙的东欧和中欧地区新闻负责人。
Andrew Higgins is the East and Central Europe bureau chief for The Times based in Warsaw.